THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND WILDLIFE DISCOVERY
(ISSN
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2689-0968)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE05
6
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 26-10-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajvswd/Volume06Issue05-02
PAGE NO.: - 06-09
EXPERIENCE IN HEALING FARMS FROM
LEUKEMIA OF CATTLE
Ruziyev Z.E.
Samarkand State University Of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry And Biotechnology,
Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
The fight against bovine leukemia is a complex
veterinary, sanitary, organizational and economic
process, which is complicated by the lack of specific
means of prevention and treatment, insufficient
knowledge of the features of infectious and
epizootic processes and the length of time required
to improve the health of a farm unfavorable for
bovine leukemia [1 ,2,3,4].
In No. PD-4576 dated 01.29.2020 On additional
measures of State support for the livestock
industry, No. PD-5017 03.03.2021. About
additional measures for further State support of
livestock industries, in recent years, highly
productive breeding heifers, Holstein-Friesians
and other red-and-white dairy breeds of cattle
have been imported into the Republic.
And this increases the risk of the spread of bovine
leukemia on farms if import and quarantine rules
for newly imported animals are not followed.
[5,6,7,8].
Before the use of serological methods to control the
infection of animals with the virus, the fight against
leukemia was based on clinical, hematological and
pathomorphological diagnostic methods, which
included:
- clinical and hematological examinations of
animals older than two years, twice a year,
followed by removal of patients;
- isolated rearing of young animals;
- carrying out general veterinary and sanitary
measures;
Prevention of bovine leukemia in healthy farms
was achieved by protecting such farms from the
importation of animals and semen of sires obtained
from farms unaffected by this disease. [9,10,11].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Currently, the fight against bovine leukemia in the
territory of the republic is carried out on the basis
of the “Instructions on measures to combat bovine
leukemia” approved by the State Committee for
Veterinary and Livestock Development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan (CVLDRU.) dated 16.06.
2018.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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Epizootological studies were carried out on the
basis of the “Methodological recommendation for
epizootological research for leukemia in cattle”,
approved by the State Committee for Internal
Medicine and the Russian Journal of Journalism of
the Republic of Uzbekistan. from 25.09. 2019.
Serological studies (IDR, ELISA) were carried out in
accordance
with
the
“Methodological
recommendations for the serological diagnosis of
bovine leukemia” approved by the Stat
e Clinical
Committee and the Russian Journal of the Republic
of Uzbekistan. from 12/29/2020.
To conduct serological studies to detect virus-
specific precipitating antibodies to the bovine
leukemia virus in animal sera, immunodiffusion
reactions in agar gel were used as modified by H.S.
Salimov (2018). The reaction took place in a 1%
agar gel in an 8.5% sodium chloride solution in a
humid chamber in a thermostat at a temperature of
370 C. The agar was applied to photographic plates
measuring 9x12 cm, and the thickness of the agar
gel layer was 3-4 mm. To punch holes in the agar
gel, standard stamps with 7 punch tubes with an
outer diameter of 6 mm, with a distance between
the side and central holes of 3 mm, were used. After
filling the wells with antigen and sera, the
photographic plates were placed in a humid
chamber. The reaction results were recorded after
18-24 hours.
The antigen used was the leukemia virus antigen
obtained from the continuous cell culture line FLK
(Fetal Lamb Kidney) in the laboratory of virology of
Uzbek Scientific Research Institute and the antigen
from the Kursk biofactory.
In order to establish early morphological changes
in the blood and in the dynamics of the infectious
process, clinical and hematological studies of
animals seropositive for BLV (bovine leukemia
virus) were carried out.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
To develop a scientifically based system of
measures to combat leukemia in cattle in 2 farms of
the Navoi region, where red breeds of cattle are
mainly
zoned,
multiple
serological
and
hematological studies of cattle for leukemia were
carried out. When identifying animals infected with
the leukemia virus and hematologically sick with
leukemia, a complex of veterinary, sanitary,
organizational and economic anti-leukemia health
measures was carried out. When developing and
implementing a system of anti-leukemia measures,
the specific epizootic situation and the economic
conditions of each farm were taken into account. It
should be noted that the effectiveness of health
measures depended on the degree of spread of
leukemia in the herds.
Thus, as a result of a complete clinical,
hematological and serological study of animals of
the Red Estonian breed in the Adiz Bobo farm in
Navoi region, it was established that virus-specific
precipitating antibodies to Bovine Leukemia Virus
(BLV) were detected in the blood serum of 4.52%
of cows and 18.92% of animals.
The moderate number of sick and infected animals
on the farm is explained by the short period of time
the herd was unwell with leukemia and the
extremely limited movement of cows between
farmyards. Such defeat (of moderate degree) and
the conscientious attitude of the farm workers to
the problem contributed to the improvement of the
farm in a short time.
According to the epizootic situation regarding
leukemia, restrictive, health-improving, anti-
leukemia measures were carried out on this farm,
which included the following:
All farm livestock were divided into two groups:
the first
–
healthy animals, serologically negative in
IDR; the second
–
animals positive for IDR (infected
with the leukemia virus).
Animals with hematological leukemia were
isolated and then sent for slaughter; the calves
obtained from them were transferred to the
fattening group. It was prohibited to regroup
animals on the farm without the consent of the
veterinarian serving the farm. Animals of the
second group were kept strictly isolated from
healthy livestock in order to avoid contact, with
separate maintenance personnel. Milk from
animals in this group was not fed to calves, but was
handed over to a dairy plant and, after
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pasteurization, was used on a general basis. The
infected group was subjected to clinical and
hematological studies every 6 months. Sick
animals, in order to avoid the appearance of tumor
lesions, and cows that had lost productivity and
reproductive function, were slaughtered. The
remaining cows and heifers were inseminated,
kept according to economic needs, receiving milk
and offspring from them in isolation, and were
gradually replaced over the course of 1-2 years.
Calves obtained from two groups were kept with
their mother until 10 days of age, and from 10 days
to 6 months they were kept isolated from their
mothers' cows in a separate room. During this
period, they were given milk from animals of the
first group (serologically negative in the IDR).
Animals in the recovery group were examined
serologically every 6 months for the first 2 years,
and every 3 months in the third year. All animals
reacting positively to BLV were transferred to the
second group. Young animals over 6 months of age
were also examined serologically in the RID. If they
received negative results for BLV, they were used
on a general basis for breeding use, and if positive
results were obtained, they were excluded from
breeding use and transferred to the second group.
During the entire period of health-improving
activities, infection precautions were observed.
Newly
identified
infected
animals
were
immediately removed from the herd. Calving of
cows and heifers was carried out in a maternity
ward with a dispensary, separately for healthy and
infected groups of animals.
Heifers and cows were inseminated with sperm
obtained from bulls free from BLV infection. We
strictly observed the veterinary and sanitary
requirements for carrying out therapeutic and
specific activities with animals (taking shelter,
administering medications, vaccination, tagging,
rectal examinations, etc.). To prevent attacks by
blood-sucking insects in the summer, weekly baths
were carried out with appropriate acaricidal and
insecticidal (0.1% neocidol solution, 2% creolin
solution,
0.5%
aqueous
emulsion
of
trichlorometaphos-3) preparations.
As a result of the measures taken, after 6 months of
repeated serological testing, the number of animals
infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus decreased
and amounted to 10.96%. Further serological
studies made it possible to sharply reduce the
number of newly identified infected animals: 9.79,
4.95, 1.78 and 0.44%, and in the last study,
conducted 2.5 years after the initial one,
oncornavirus infection was not detected in any one
animal. As a result of a complete clinical,
hematological and serological study in the
Khadicha farm, 34.61% of animals infected with
BLV and 7.17% of hematologically sick animals
with leukemia were identified. Sick animals were
immediately sold for meat. All seropositive animals
were kept in a separate isolation room and
hematological studies were carried out regularly (2
times a year). When hematologically sick animals
were identified, they were sent for slaughter. Every
3-4 months, a serological study of apparently
healthy cattle was carried out with isolation of the
animals.
Repeated serological studies made it possible to
sharply reduce the number of newly identified
infected animals: 20.83, 11.47, 4.76 and 1.47%, and
in a subsequent double study conducted 3 years
after the initial one, oncornavirus infection was not
established.
The success of improving the health of farms was
achieved through the constant implementation of a
set of mandatory conditions: compliance with the
requirements for veterinary and zootechnical
treatment of animals, organization of proper
primary registration (numbering) of animals and
regular (every 3-4 months) serological testing of
heifers (starting from 6 months), as well as heifers
and cows whose blood serum was gray negative.
CONCLUSIONS
1.
An essential condition for increasing the
effectiveness of anti-leukemia measures is a
clear plan for their implementation on
individual farms, as well as on a district scale.
In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the
instructions on measures to combat leukemia,
each health-improving anti-epizootic plan
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must provide for specific organizational and
economic measures taking into account the
epizootic situation and the economic
capabilities of farms.
2.
At present, the serological diagnosis and
prevention of leukemia in cattle in the republic
should be given the most serious attention,
because the situation may become even more
complex and the recovery of farms, districts,
regions and the republic as a whole from
leukemia will take a long time.
3.
Thus, the recovery of the herd from leukemia
through the use of complex serological and
hematological methods, with the division of
animals into two separate groups (if it is
moderately affected), with the introduction of
a
complex
of
veterinary,
sanitary,
organizational, economic and health measures,
followed by removal of patients and gradual
elimination of animals infected with BLV is the
most acceptable and economically justified
method.
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