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UDC. 633.112.1 - 631.527
SELECTION OF HIGH GRAIN YIELD ELEMENTS OF WINTER
BREAD WHEAT LINES FOR RAINFED AREAS
Dilmurodov Sherzod Dilmurodovich,
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Science
, Senior scientific researcher.
Southern Research Institute of Agriculture
Karshi – Beshkent yoli 3 km, Karshi 730000, Phone: (8 375) 228-00-18,
Fax: (8 375) 228-00-17, E-mail:
Abstract: Testing of new lines that are heat, drought tolerant, productive
and high grain quality suitable for dryland conditions is one of the important
scientific tasks of today. During the study, new winter bread wheat lines were
selected and involved in selection work.
Keywords: bread wheat, lines, yield, test weight, 1000 grain weight.
Introduction.
The fact that in the first years of independence the land was
owned to provide the population with grain and grain products, farms specialize in
grain, the average yield of 60-70 quintals of grain per hectare of irrigated land is
evidence of radical economic reforms in our country.
Our government has set an important task for agricultural workers and
scientists to increase the gross harvest in exchange for increasing productivity. In
recent years, due to the correct selection and cultivation of wheat varieties in
accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of the regions, the introduction of
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an improved seed system, wheat and flour products in Uzbekistan are exported to
a number of countries.
The use of all available opportunities in improving grain yield and grain
quality in grain, first of all, high-yielding varieties, studying their biological
properties, and proper treatment with them will ensure positive results. But any
good variety will never lose its hereditary properties, potential yield potential, only
if it is sown from high-quality seeds of high sowing quality and if all agronomic
rules are properly followed in the process of seed multiplication, free from diseases
and insects.
Therefore, the republic pays great attention to seed production and its quality
indicators. In the current market economy, the development of optimal and efficient
systems for growing superelite seeds of bread and hard winter wheat varieties
recommended for sowing in irrigated lands of the Republic using existing methods
of propagation of cereals, superelite seeds in international practice, selection of
cereals and cereals The regional seed system of imported and newly created winter
wheat varieties has been established on a scientific basis on the basis of establishing
an organic link between
Variety is one of the main factors in increasing crop yields in agricultural
production. Planting new high-yielding varieties is an effective way to increase
productivity.
At the current stage of agricultural development, great attention is paid to
increasing crop yields, improving product quality, creating high-yielding varieties
and hybrids that meet the requirements of agriculture and their widespread
introduction into production [8, 15, 24, 30, 33, 34].
The fact that all varieties (100%) or most of the many crops included in the
state register were created in Uzbekistan is an example of success in the field of
grain. But there are still many problems and work to be done in this regard [4, 18,
29, 31, 32, 35].
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In order to stabilize the yield, it is necessary to have the maximum number
of different varieties and specimens that differ from each other in drought tolerance,
vegetation period and resistance to other stress conditions [2, 16, 22, 38, 39, 40].
Today, "variety" is one of the main factors in the intensification of
agriculture. The increase in productivity is due to 50% due to fertilizers, 25% due
to selection achievements and 20% due to improvements in agrotechnics, plant
protection and tillage systems [1, 12, 27, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43].
In turn, high-yield selection leads to a decrease in resistance to adverse
external factors i.e. abiotic and biotic influences, so a comprehensive approach to
the creation of competitive varieties is required [3, 19, 23, 44, 45, 46].
One of the decisive factors in achieving an increase in productivity and
resistance to adverse conditions in selection is the correct planning of the selection
process, i.e. the choice of research direction and methods. This task can be
performed only with a complete understanding of the exact state of productivity in
the conditions of the area where the selection work is carried out [5, 11, 25, 47, 48,
49].
The productivity of wheat grain is studied in relation to the elements of yield.
Several scientists have argued that the analysis of fertility elements allows breeders
to take a conscious approach to the synthetic selection of varieties [7, 17, 28, 50,
51].
Selection is a final and relatively responsible component in obtaining
valuable forms in the selection process. Therefore, it is especially important for the
selection scientist to know the relationship between the characteristics of the
selection work, as well as the characteristics of the plant. When sampling is carried
out using correlation, it provides a basis for relatively efficient work [6, 13, 21, 52,
53].
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Yield depends on the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.65), biomass in the
sprouting phase (r = 0.64), the second leaf surface (r = 0.50), and the average
amount of chlorophyll during the growing season (r = 0.70) [10, 14, 26, 54].
The temperature of coagulation of the protein when the water is heated by
crushing the leaves of wheat, the ability to retain water in critical periods, the
composition of chlorophyll, the intensity of photosynthesis - all this determines the
resistance of the variety to productivity.
Materials and methods.
The study was conducted in the experimental field
of the Southern Agricultural Research Institute, located in the Kamashi district of
Kashkadarya region. The crop area of each line was 5 m2.
Experiments in the laboratory were performed in the laboratory
"Determination of technological quality indicators and physiology of grain" of the
branch. Experimental placement and experimentation were carried out according
to the method of phenological observation, calculation and analysis (All-Union
Institute of Botany VIR, 1984) and biometric analysis according to the method of
the State Variety Testing Commission of Agricultural Crops (1985, 1989).
Technological quality indicators of winter wheat grain grown in the experimental
field "Methodical recommendations for the evaluation of the quality of grain",
"Methods of biochemical research of plants", gluten content GOST 13586-1-68,
grain vitreous GOST 10987-76 93, grain nature was compared according to GOST
3040-55, weight of 1000 grains according to GOST 10842-89. Statistical analyzes
were performed based on the method of B.A. Dospekhov (1985).
The field experimental scheme in the study was based on the Complete block
design and Alpha lattice design of the Genestat 3 program.
Results and Discussion.
Bread wheat lines, which are being studied in the
2019-2020 selection nursery, were sown on 22 November. It was noted that the
germination period of the lines took place on December 19-20. The period from
sowing to germination was 27-28 days.
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When analyzing the yield indicators of the studied varieties and samples, it
was found that the yield ranged from 11.1 c/ha to 36.3 c/ha. Yield in standard
varieties was 15-31.3 c/ha. High yields (17.4-36.9 c/ha) compared to standard
varieties were observed in 8 samples.
In the experiment, the smallest significant differences between the returns
were 3.73% and the coefficient of variation was 1.9%.
According to the results of statistical mathematical analysis, taking into
account the errors made in the experiment, high, equal and low performance lines
were distinguished relative to the standard variety.
In order to analyze the productivity indicators, a selection process was
carried out comparing the Gallakor local check, which is grown on a large area
under local conditions, as a standard variety.
Table 1
The difference between the yield of the cultivar and the lines compared
to the standard cultivar
Entry
№
Name
Grain yield, c/ha
Difference of
local chek
variety, +,-
Rep -
1
Rep -
2
Mean
ц/га
%
1
Gallakor (check)
16,6
16,4
16,5
0,0
0,0
2
Ravon (check)
15,2
14,8
15,0
-1,5
-9,1
3
Oksaroy (check)
31,2
31,4
31,3
14,8
89,7
4
Kukbulok (check)
16,4
16,2
16,3
-0,2
-1,2
5
KR19-BWF5IR-743
13,6
13,2
13,4
-3,1
-18,8
6
KR19-BWF5IR-29
24,4
24,6
24,5
8,0
48,5
7
KR19-BWF5IR-
1241
15,6
15,2
15,4
-1,1
-6,7
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8
KR19-BWF5IR-71
34,2
34,4
34,3
17,8
107,9
9
KR19-BWF5IR-
2575
36,8
37,0
36,9
20,4
123,6
10
KR19-BWF5IR-
1738
11,2
11,0
11,1
-5,4
-32,7
11
KR19-BWF5IR-56
17,6
17,4
17,5
1,0
6,1
12
KR19-BWF5IR-651
14,2
14,6
14,4
-2,1
-12,7
13
KR19-BWF5IR-
1280
16,2
15,8
16,0
-0,5
-3,0
14
KR19-BWF5IR-252
13,8
14,4
14,1
-2,4
-14,5
15
KR19-BWF5IR-660
27,4
26,8
27,1
10,6
64,2
16
KR19-BWF5IR-652
13,6
13,8
13,7
-2,8
-17,0
17
KR19-BWF5IR-
1614
12,2
12,8
12,5
-4,0
-24,2
18
KR19-BWF5IR-656
12,8
14,2
13,5
-3,0
-18,2
19
KR19-BWF5IR-740
15,2
15,2
15,2
-1,3
-7,9
20
KR19-BWF5IR-551
14,8
14,4
14,6
-1,9
-11,5
21
KR19-BWF5IR-
1282
15,2
15,0
15,1
-1,4
-8,5
22
KR19-BWF5IR-561
13,4
13,2
13,3
-3,2
-19,4
23
KR19-BWF5IR-105
12,4
12,2
12,3
-4,2
-25,5
24
KR19-BWF5IR-550
12,6
12,2
12,4
-4,1
-24,8
25
KR19-BWF5IR-
1272
30,2
30,4
30,3
13,8
83,6
26
KR19-BWF5IR-
1748
13,0
13,4
13,2
-3,3
-20,0
27
KR19-BWF5IR-736
13,6
13,0
13,3
-3,2
-19,4
28
KR19-BWF5IR-729
14,0
13,8
13,9
-2,6
-15,8
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29
KR19-BWF5IR-
1519
11,8
11,4
11,6
-4,9
-29,7
30
KR19-BWF5IR-654
12,6
11,8
12,2
-4,3
-26,1
The average yield of cultivars and lines was 11.1–36.9 c/ha, according to the
average results of 2 returns. The yield of the standard Gallakor variety was 16.5
c/ha, the yield of the Ravon variety was 15 c/ha, the yield of the Oqsaroy variety
was 31.3 c/ha and the yield of the Kokbulak variety was 16.3 c/ha. It was found
that there are 8 high-yielding lines from the grain variety.
Figure 1. Productivity indicators of selected varieties and lines.
According to the results, the highest yield was found to be 36.9 ts / ha in the
KR19-BWF5IR-2575 line, 34.3 ts / ha in the KR19-BWF5IR-7 line, and 30.3 ts /
ha in the KR19-BWF5IR-1272 line. .
Conclusion.
Selection of high-yielding, high-quality samples of bread wheat
in dryland conditions The yield and productivity characteristics of 30 varieties and
lines studied in the nursery were analyzed, and 6 samples were tested in the control
nursery.
16,5
24,5
34,3
36,9
17,5
27,1
30,3
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
Ғалла
кор
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
29
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
71
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
2575
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
56
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
660
K
R
19-
B
W
F5IR-
1272
1
6
8
9
11
15
25
Grain yield, c/ha
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