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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF DENTISTRY
Komilova Zamira Abdurashid kizi
SAMU surgical and therapeutic dentistry
Komilovazamira@gmail.com
Abstract. Today, the population, including cerebral palsy it is important to
conduct scientific research on the optimization of measures for the treatment and
prevention of caries in children, to study the spread of these diseases by world scientists
in order to approach this problem in a scientifically based manner.
Key words: cerebral palsy, dental caries, indications.
Relevance of the topic.
In the world, extensive scientific research is being
conducted on the use of exo and endogenous methods of fluorides in the assessment of
caries resistance status and prevention of low resistance in children with different levels
of cerebral palsy. In this regard, scientific research on the development of
comprehensive dental preventive measures and improvement of treatment aimed at
reducing the risk of dental caries among children with cerebral palsy is of particular
importance. In our country, certain measures are being implemented to organize a
healthcare system that will radically improve the quality, efficiency and accessibility of
medical care to the population, including the prevention of dental caries in children with
cerebral palsy. In this regard, in accordance with the five priority areas of further
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021, the following tasks have been
set: to increase the efficiency, quality and accessibility of medical care provided to the
population in our country, as well as to support a healthy lifestyle and prevent diseases
by forming a medical standardization system, introducing high-tech methods of
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diagnosis and treatment, and creating effective models of patronage service and
dispensary visits. The implementation of these tasks It is advisable to conduct research
on improving the methods of complex prevention and treatment of dental caries in
children with cerebral palsy. Currently, in modern dentistry, the identified and
scientifically substantiated risk factors for the formation and development of dental
caries in the population, including children, include the following main factors: - somatic
diseases of the child's parents; - the course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother; -
the weight of children at birth; - the child's health status (health care group); - the socio-
economic status of the parents; - the level of education; - the balance of nutrition; - the
level of oral hygiene; - the level of KPO or CP. There are several reasons for the spread
of oral diseases in sick children, including the characteristics of the oral cavity fluid, the
formation of blood in the oral cavity organs, and poor hygiene: central nervous system
disorders, diseases of the child's diet, excessive use of cariogenic agents in children, the
use of large amounts of fluoride agents, or the lack of use of toothpastes intended for
children. Due to all of the above factors, the condition of the oral cavity is deteriorating.
Due to the constant accumulation of soft plaque on the dental tissues, bleeding gums
occur when brushing inflamed teeth, eating, bad breath, and poor oral hygiene. Children
with cerebral palsy have a variety of dental and jaw conditions, including malocclusions,
malocclusions, and malocclusions, which are significant changes in swallowing,
breathing, and speech, as well as cariogenic conditions and associated diseases of the
oral cavity organs. The study of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in children with
cerebral palsy was carried out using the Ogonyan V.R. (2003) and Fedorov-Volodkina
techniques, Schiller-Pisarev tests, and the RMA dental index. As a result of its work, an
unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene was detected in the examined children. Examination
of the condition of hard dental tissues revealed the following: a high prevalence of
systemic enamel hypoplasia (19.04%), with caries and tooth decay accounting for 93-
100%. According to the research of scientists, Mitsea AG (2011) and Guare R.O (2014)
confirm the low level of oral hygiene in children suffering from cerebral palsy, which is
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significantly higher than in children without this pathology. Today, a group of
researchers is conducting work on predicting the risk factors for the formation and
development of dental diseases, including dental caries, in children with cerebral palsy
using a computer program. In their research, scientists transferred data on the risk factors
identified in sick children to numerical points, which were then entered into a computer
program. In addition, algorithms for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease have
been created. In the future, this system may be important in determining caries resistance
in children with cerebral palsy -[1; 3; 5] Taking into account the influence of local
factors on the occurrence of dental caries in children, numerous scientific studies have
been carried out to determine the normal local microflora of the oral cavity and the state
of the local immune system in it. 127 healthy children were selected and the composition
of their bacterial and mixed microflora of the oral cavity was studied. The results of the
studies showed that the oral microflora in children with increasing age increased,
became more stable and stable. During this microecological process, a decrease in
lysozyme in saliva was accompanied by an increase in the level of sIgA antibodies. This,
in turn, proves the direct connection between oral fluid and the local immune system,
and in this case, the interdependence of lifestyle and various stages of medical
examination during the period of illness in the development of dental diseases in
children.. Levchenkova V.D. and co-authors analyzed the composition of the immune
status in the oral fluid of children and recommended conducting it, taking into account
the connection between the occurrence of catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gingivitis in
them and fluoride and iodine deficiency in the Lviv region of Ukraine. It was found that
the amount of cytokines in the oral fluid of 7-year-old children living in areas with
unfavorable conditions was 1.4 times higher than in those living in other areas. In
addition, a decrease in IL-6 by 11.2% and a decrease in IL-4 by 26.9% were detected.
Among 12-year-old children living in especially polluted areas, an increase in the
amount of cytokines in the oral fluid was found by 1.3. Among 15-year-old children,
this indicator was 1.2%. IL-6 decreased by 26.41%, and then IL-428.53%. They
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(cathelicidins (LL-37), defensins (HNP 1-3)) are produced by oral epithelial cells,
neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. As is known, in children, a group of peptides
against endogenous microflora is activated. In the group of children with bronchial
asthma, the level of HNP1-3 was significantly lower in decompensated and
subcompensated forms of caries than in the compensated form. In children with
asthmatic conditions, the content of oral fluid LL-37, HNP 1-3 stages was found to be
lower than in the studied children. Studies have shown that the content of lysozyme in
the oral fluid of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis is compensatory in nature
and objectively reflects the state of metabolic processes in the oral cavity, and is
observed in combination with a decrease in the concentration of ceruloplasmin, which
is observed against the background of an increase. According to the criteria of the WHO
EGOHID-2005 system of 2013 (European indicators), in 2016, 100 schoolchildren aged
12 and 15 years old in schools in the city of Omsk (Russian Federation).
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