https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
152
OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES
ABDUKHOLIKOV SAMANDAR KHAMIDULLOYEVICH
Clinic Resident of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry
Samarkand State Medical University Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Periodontal
is a complex of tissues that surround the tooth and ensure its fixation
in the jawbones. This complex includes the gum, the periodontal ligament connecting
the tooth root to the bone socket, the alveolar processes of the jawbones and the cement
of the tooth root. In certain diseases, both individual periodontal tissues and their entire
complex can be affected.
Periodontal diseases include gum disease
(gingivitis), periodontitis, and periodontal disease.
Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and periodontitis (inflammation of the
entire periodontium) are two interrelated forms of the disease, since the inflammatory
process occurs first in the gum tissues, and gradually the rest of the periodontal structures
are involved in it.
Periodontal disease is a dystrophic process in periodontal tissues, the cause of
which is currently unknown. The disease develops slowly and is manifested, first of all,
by exposing the roots of the teeth.
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
153
In gingivitis, the inflammatory process is localized only in the soft tissues of the
gums and is not accompanied by changes in the bone tissue of the jaws. Gingivitis most
often develops in young people. It is characterized by redness and swelling of the
gingival papillae and gingival margin, its thinning or, conversely, the proliferation of
interdental papillae. Patients complain of bleeding and sore gums when brushing their
teeth and while eating. If left untreated, this form can develop into a more severe form
of gingivitis: areas of ulceration of the oral mucosa appear, covered with a gray necrotic
plaque, and bad breath appears.
Periodontitis is a chronic, long—term inflammatory process in the periodontium
(lasts for years).
In periodontitis, the entire complex of periodontal tissues is affected by the
pathological process, and gingivitis is one of the symptoms of this disease. In
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
154
periodontitis, unlike gingivitis, the X-ray shows the destruction of the bone tissue of the
jaws.
Periodontitis begins, as a rule, imperceptibly: bleeding gums appear when
brushing teeth, short-term ("volatile") pain in the gums, sometimes a feeling of itching
and burning in them. If treatment is not started during this period, the disease progresses:
inflammatory phenomena in the soft tissues increase, the process of resorption of the
bone tissue of the jaws increases, pathological gingival pockets appear — slit-like spaces
between the teeth and the jaw bone, usually filled with pus. Gum bleeding increases:
blood flows not only when brushing teeth, but also during meals, and also for no
apparent reason. Bad breath appears; due to the progressive loosening of the teeth, the
process of chewing food becomes difficult, and tooth mobility leads to tooth loss.
Against the background of a long-term inflammatory process, an extensive focus
of chronic infection forms in the periodontium with a weakening of the div's defenses.
As a result, the general well-being of patients suffers: they become irritable, get tired
quickly, complain of poor sleep and appetite. Against the background of a decrease in
the reactivity of the div, various diseases of internal organs and systems develop.
Causes of periodontal diseases.
The most common cause is poor oral hygiene, plaque buildup, and tartar
deposition. The vast majority of periodontal diseases are inflammatory in nature.Gum
inflammation occurs under the influence of plaque microorganisms. If plaque is not
removed by brushing for a long time, then the soft plaque under the action of minerals
in saliva turns into tartar, which is removed only with the help of professional oral
hygiene. Tartar has a porous structure and contributes to the accumulation of even more
soft plaque, in addition, tartar mechanically injures the gums, bedsores appear.
Consequently, areas of the dentition that are difficult to clean can be predisposing factors
for the development of periodontal diseases: crowding of teeth, overhanging edges of
fillings, improperly made crowns and dentures, malocclusion; also, the presence of bad
habits: smoking, habits associated with frequent injury to the gums, namely improper
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
155
and inappropriate use of toothpicks or matches; other injuries: sharp edges of carious
cavities, injuries associated with wearing poorly made dentures, overload of certain
groups of teeth due to the absence of a large number of teeth. The course of the disease
is aggravated due to the presence of common somatic diseases (diseases of the
cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, hormonal disorders, etc.).
In the presence of supragingival and subgingival tartar, the gingival margin is
constantly injured, which leads to the development of a chronic inflammatory process
in it, as a result of which pathological gingival pockets are formed. Therefore, tartar
must be removed periodically (1-2 times a year).
Complaints of patients with periodontal diseases.
The first sign of periodontal disease is bleeding gums when brushing teeth or
when eating.
- bad breath
- pain when cleaning or eating
- tooth mobility
- itching, burning, and flying gum pain
- pain from cold or hot. The main alarm signal is an increased reaction that occurs
when chemical and thermal stimuli affect the area of the necks of the teeth, which is
important when eating
- unpleasant sensations when chewing
Prevention and treatment of periodontal tissue diseases.
Prevention: maintaining a high level of personal oral hygiene, eating harsh, plant-
based foods, uniform participation of all teeth in chewing, regular visits to the dentist
for timely removal of dental deposits and dental fillings. Dietary disorders play a role in
the development of periodontal disease. It is known that one of the conditions for the
normal course of metabolic processes is a balanced diet: a diet containing the right
amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements.
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
156
In the presence of the above complaints, it is necessary to consult a dentist for
professional oral hygiene, as well as to identify the severity of periodontal diseases and
prescribe the necessary treatment.
Treatment is individual and comprehensive, and the choice of methods depends
on the stage of the disease, the nature of the complication, and the general condition of
the div.
In most cases, the elimination of traumatic factors, proper oral care, and smoking
cessation lead to the disappearance of gingivitis (in the absence of dental calculi, hygiene
is necessary), and local remedies may be prescribed by a dentist.: antiseptics, anti-
inflammatory drugs, enzymes, essential oils.
Conservative treatment of periodontitis is aimed at strengthening the gums.
Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to restore the destroyed bone tissue to its previous
position.
Prevention of periodontal diseases should be carried out in the following areas:
• rational nutrition;
• the use of fluoride preparations;
• elimination of malocclusion and abnormal structure and location of some soft
tissues and organs of the oral cavity, elimination of supracontact and functional selective
grinding (traumatic factor);
• elimination of defects in filling, prosthetics and orthodontic treatment;
• elimination of violations of the architectonics of attachment of soft tissues of the
vestibule of the oral cavity;
• timely dental treatment;
• compliance with oral hygiene;
• treatment of concomitant diseases.
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
157
Prevention of periodontal diseases should begin from the first years of a child's
life, ensuring proper sucking and swallowing functions at the first stages. From the age
of 4, it is possible to carry out oral cavity sanitation (restoration of the normal shape of
tooth crowns by filling and normal bite). It is necessary to monitor the elimination of
harmful habits in children (nail biting, lip licking) and proper chewing of food (including
the mandatory consumption of hard food). It is necessary to observe oral hygiene from
childhood.
Since periodontal diseases are highly dependent on the general immune status of
the div and the state of the vascular system, it is necessary to monitor their support,
which is largely determined by the normalization of nutrition and healthy lifestyle. Food
(both in childhood and in adults) should contain sufficient amounts of protein, ascorbic
acid, vitamin E, and mineral salts. People who have the initial signs of periodontal
disease need a diet with limited intake of carbohydrates and fats. Food products should
contain choline, lecithin, methionine (cottage cheese, legumes, cabbage, oatmeal, fish),
which prevents the deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels. Lactic acid products,
vegetables and fruits that promote the elimination of cholesterol from the div are
mandatory. It is extremely important to monitor the condition of the gastrointestinal
tract, to detect and treat dysbiosis in time.
In the general complex of preventive measures, it is necessary to give place to
gum massage, which trains the vessels of the maxillofacial region. This includes finger
massage of the gums, and hydro massage.
In the prevention of periodontal diseases, circumstances that can lead to an
overload of certain groups of teeth (orthodontic treatment at an early age, rational
prosthetics in adults) should be eliminated.
Since periodontal diseases are closely related to many somatic diseases, both the
prevention of the latter and the complete elimination of the consequences of past
illnesses (in particular, acute infectious diseases of various etiologies) are extremely
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
158
important. It is necessary to eliminate any overloads of the div, including nervous
(stressful conditions).
Smoking is one of the predisposing factors of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is
necessary to get rid of this bad habit. People who are exposed to occupational hazards
are also at risk for periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the influence
of harmful environmental factors (gases, dust particles, thermal radiation, low
temperatures, etc.) as much as possible.
It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of teeth and consult a dentist on
time, since untreated teeth are a constant source of infection.
The main factor preventing the development of periodontal diseases is proper oral
hygiene using an arsenal of modern remedies. Today, the following personal oral
hygiene products are available: toothbrushes of various modifications, dental floss for
cleaning interdental spaces, toothpicks, interdental stimulants, tongue cleansing devices,
interdental brushes, oral irrigators, tooth powders, toothpastes and gels, mouthwashes,
deodorant sprays, chewing gums, care products for removable orthopedic and
orthodontic structures, dyes for self-detection of dental deposits, individual dental
mirrors.
The effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes is determined by
their composition, the components of which affect periodontal tissues and the oral
mucosa. Toothpastes may contain the following components:
• biologically active additives (sources of micro- and macronutrients, vitamins)
that enhance protective processes in tissues;
• enzymes that remove plaque and have a bactericidal effect;
• antibacterial drugs that affect microorganisms in the oral cavity;
• mineral salts that improve blood circulation, dissolve mucus, and prevent plaque
formation;
• agents that reduce the sensitivity of dental hard tissues (for example, 10%
strontium chloride, potassium chloride, formaldehyde, aluminum lactate);
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
159
• abrasive substances;
• gel-forming and foaming substances, dyes, fragrances that improve the taste of
the paste;
• agents that prevent the formation of tartar and effectively remove soft and even
partially mineralized dental deposits (however, regular use of such pastes can lead to
premature abrasion of tooth enamel);
• bleaching ingredients.
• Pastes containing powerful antiseptics (triclosan and chlorhexidine) can cause
tooth enamel pigmentation and imbalance of the oral microflora.
Toothbrushes are also diverse and are selected strictly individually, taking into
account the characteristics of a particular person. Many of them have special options
that allow you to massage your gums simultaneously with brushing your teeth. Modern
toothbrushes (which come in different degrees of hardness) are distinguished by a very
original arrangement, shape and height of the bristle bundles, which allows them to clean
the most inaccessible places of the oral cavity. Of particular note are electric
toothbrushes, in which, due to the motor, the head performs both vibratory and rotational
movements, which significantly increases their efficiency. Ultrasonic toothbrushes are
based on the ultrasonic destructive effect on bacteria, and intensive foaming additionally
helps to eliminate plaque. There are also acoustic and ion toothbrushes (in the latter,
plaque is actively destroyed due to the electrostatic interaction of particles with
dissimilar charges). A toothbrush should not be used for more than 2-3 months due to
the accumulation of microorganisms in it and the abrasion of its bristles. After use, the
brush should be thoroughly washed with soap and running water each time.
Interdental brushes perfectly clean wide interdental spaces, spaces under non-
removable dentures and orthodontic structures. Dental floss is suitable for cleaning
narrow interdental spaces. There are special thread guides for conducting a floss under
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
160
an orthodontic arch or under a bridge-like prosthesis. Special dental floss is used for
sensitive teeth.
Toothpicks are designed to remove food debris from the interdental spaces and to
remove plaque from the side surfaces of teeth. However, when using them, care must be
taken to avoid injury to soft tissues and enamel. Interdental stimulators – elastic cones
made of rubber or soft plastic – are designed to massage the gingival papillae.
If orthopedic or orthodontic structures (prostheses, braces, bridges, crowns,
splints, etc.) are present in the oral cavity, it is necessary to monitor their cleanliness
especially carefully. Removable structures are washed and cleaned daily with a
toothbrush with soap or toothpaste. There are also special instant tablets for cleaning
removable dentures.
Currently, there are more complex devices (for example, oral irrigators) that at
home can effectively clean the interdental spaces, spaces under dentures, shallow spaces
under exfoliated gums with simultaneous effective hydro massage of the gums.
Irrigators provide a constant or pulsating stream of water or antiseptic solution with a
pressure of 2 to 10 atm flowing from a narrow tip.
In addition, it is necessary to periodically carry out a complete hygiene complex
in a dental clinic (professional oral hygiene), including, in particular, effective removal
of dental deposits, plaque removal, teeth whitening, coating teeth with special fluoride-
containing varnishes, polishing teeth.
Oral hygiene in periodontal pathology helps to consolidate the results of treatment
and eliminate relapses, and in healthy people it helps to prevent periodontal diseases.
List of used literature:
1.
Asrorovna, X. N., Baxriddinovich, T. A., Bustanovna, I. N., Valijon O’g’li, D. S.,
& Qizi, T. K. F. (2021). Clinical Application Of Dental Photography By A
Dentist.
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical
Research
,
3
(09), 10-13.
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
161
2.
Ugli, A. A. A., & Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). STUDY OF THE CONDITION OF
PARODONT
IN
PERIODONTITIS
IN
FETAL
WOMEN.
European
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management
Studies
,
4
(05), 149-156.
3.
Kizi, J. O. A., & Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). FAMILIARIZATION WITH THE
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
IN ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT.
European International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
,
4
(05), 89-96.
4.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). Determination of the Effectiveness of Dental Measures
for the Prevention of Periodontal Dental Diseases in Workers of the Production
of Metal Structures.
International Journal of Scientific Trends
,
3
(5), 108-114.
5.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2022). Assessment of clinical and morphological changes in
the oral organs and tissues in post-menopause women.
Thematics Journal of
Education
,
7
(3).
6.
Bustanovna, I. N., & Berdiqulovich, N. A. (2022). ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И
ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КAРИЕСA У ПОСТОЯННЫХ ЗУБОВ.
JOURNAL
OF
BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE
,
7
(1).
7.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN
ELDERLY WOMEN.
Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования
,
21
(3), 25-29.
8.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). TO STUDY THE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF
THE CONDITION OF THE ORAL MUCOSA DURING ORTHOPEDIC
TREATMENT.
Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования
,
21
(1), 9-15.
9.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHANGES IN
PERIODONTITIS.
Journal of new century innovations
,
51
(2), 58-65.
10.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). Morphological Changes in Oral Organs and Tissues in
Women after Menopause and their Analysis.
International Journal of Scientific
Trends
,
3
(3), 87-93.
11.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). Hygienic Assessment of The Condition of The Oral
Mucosa After Orthopedic Treatment.
International Journal of Scientific
Trends
,
3
(3), 56-61.
12.
Bustanovna, P. I. N. (2024). Further Research the Features of the Use of Metal-
Ceramic Structures in Anomalies of Development and Position of
Teeth.
International Journal of Scientific Trends
,
3
(3), 67-71.
13.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). The Effectiveness of the Use of the Drug" Proroot
MTA" in the Therapeutic and Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis.
International
Journal of Scientific Trends
,
3
(3), 72-75.
https://scientific-jl.com/luch/
Часть-37_ Том-4_ Январь-2025
162
14.
Bustanovna, P. I. N. (2024). Research of the Structure of Somatic Pathology in
Patients with Aphthous Stomatitis.
International Journal of Scientific
Trends
,
3
(3), 51-55.
15.
Bustanovna, I. N., & Abdusattor o’g, A. A. A. (2024). Analysis of Errors and
Complications in the Use of Endocal Structures Used in Dentistry.
International
Journal of Scientific Trends
,
3
(3), 82-86.
16.
Bustanovna, I. N. (2024). Complications Arising in the Oral Cavity after
Polychemotherapy in Patients with Hemablastoses.
International Journal of
Scientific Trends
,
3
(3), 62-66.
17.
Bustanovna, I. N., & Sharipovna, N. N. (2023). Research cases in women after
menopause clinical and morphological changes in oral organs and their
analysis.
Journal of biomedicine and practice
,
8
(3).
18.
Bustonovna, I. N., & Sharipovna, N. N. (2023). Еssential Factors Of
Etiopathogenesis In The Development Of Parodontal Diseases In Post-Menopasis
Women.
Eurasian Medical Research Periodical
,
20
, 64-69.
19.
Fakhriddin, C. H. A. K. K. A. N. O. V., Shokhruh, S. A. M. A. D. O. V., & Nilufar,
I. S. L. A. M. O. V. A. (2022). ENDOKANAL PIN-KONSTRUKSIYALARNI
ISHLATISHDA ASORATLAR VA XATOLAR TAHLILI.
JOURNAL OF
BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE
,
7
(1).
20.
Очилов, Х. У., & Исламова, Н. Б. (2024). Особенности артикуляции и
окклюзии зубных рядов у пациентов с генерализованной формой
повышенного
стирания.
SAMARALI
TA’LIM
VA
BARQAROR
INNOVATSIYALAR JURNALI
,
2
(4), 422-430.
21.
Ortikova, N., & Rizaev, J. (2021, May). The Prevalence And Reasons Of
Stomatophobia In Children. In
E-Conference Globe
(pp. 339-341).
22.
Ortikova, N. (2023). ANALYSISOF ANESTHESIA METHODS FOR DENTAL
FEAR AND ANXIETY.
Центральноазиатский журнал академических
исследований
,
1
(1), 8-12.
23.
Ortikova, N. K. (2023). DENTAL ANXIETY AS A SPECIAL PLACE IN
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE.
SCHOLAR
,
1
(29), 104-112.
24.
Исламова,
Н.
Б.
(2024).
ПАРОДОНТ
КАСАЛЛИКЛАРИДА
ОРГАНИЗМДАГИ УМУМИЙ ЎЗГАРИШЛАРНИ ТАҲЛИЛИ ВА
ДАВОЛАШ
САМАРАДОРЛИГИНИ
ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ
ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
,
43
(7), 18-22.
25.
Islamova, N. B., & Chakkonov, F. K. (2021). Changes in the tissues and organs
of the mouth in endocrine diseases.
Current Issues in Dentistry
, 320-326.
