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PECULIARITIES OF GHAZALS AND THEIR TRANSLATION
Umarova Zarina Adxamjonovna
O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti 1-kurs magistri
The ghazal is a poem consisting of from 5-12 rhyming couplets, called
bayt
or
sher
. For a poem to be considered a true ghazal, it must have no fewer than five
couplets. Ghazal couplets end with the same rhyming pattern and are expected to
have the same meter.
When it comes to the translation of ghazals, it should be taken into account the
special features of ghazals. According to famous uzbek translator Gaybulla Salomov
“Ghazal – a poem composed of musical lines, the text of the melody,has its own
figurative content, its own demand, its own counters. It is difficult to study ghazals out
of the aruz (metre) So if the Europian countries do not have such metres as aruz,
how can we translate it unto European languages? From its traditional form in a
content that is deprived and disguised in a poetic form. It was noted that certain
significant changes have taken place”.
Also another Russian translator Dunaevskiy said about translating ghazals into
russian: “It is an extremely difficult task to re-create gazelle form in Russian... The
clear form as we think, is impossible to recreate... Normal translating with a European
poetic structure, albeit a language although it allows for more free use of
opportunities, completely change the appearance of
the original...”.
To re- create the form of ghazals we should look at the rhythm, rhyme, melody,
uniqueness, beaty and style of poet. As mentioned by many scientists of this field the
major peculiarity of the genre is aruz. And transferring all its components in one is
quite impossible. Let us look at the examples from works of Klemetnyuk who tried to
re-construct the aruz of original ghazal:
Original:
Ko‘rgali husnungni zor-u mubtalo bo‘ldum sanga,
Ne baloliq kun edikim, oshno bo‘ldum sanga: Har necha dedimki, kun-kundin
uzay sendin ko‘ngul,
Vahki, kun-
kundin batarrak mubtalo bo‘ldum sanga
Translation:
Dreaming of your beauty has wasted me away
What unfortunate day it was, when I fell in love with you
How many times, day in day out, did I tell to myself to forget you,
But alas, from day to day even more and more I love you
In his work translator tried to re-create the aruz metre og original. And he did
some success in the first bayt. But due to grammatical and phonetical differences
between source and target language this task failed. But in other hand translator
could give the rhythm and melody of original ghazal. If the major aim of translator is
giving aruz as in original in another language`s metre, it will be followed by loosing
the harmony, melody, beauty and musical lines of the original.
In the following translation of Navoiy`s famous ghazal made by Aazam Abidov,
translator could give the melody, harmony, rhythm and rhyming of poem.
Original:
381
Kecha kelgumdur debon ul sarvi gulro‘ kelmadi,
Ko‘zlarimg‘a kecha tong otquncha uyqu kelmadi.
Lahza-lahza chiqdim-
u, chektim yo‘lida intizor,
Keldi jon og‘zimg‘a-yu, ul sho‘xi badxo‘ kelmadi.
Orazidek oydin erkonda gar etti ehtiyot,
Ro‘zgorimdek ham o‘lg‘onda qorong‘u kelmadi.
Ul parivash hajridin
kim, yig‘ladim devonavor,
Kimsa bormukim, anga ko‘rganda kulgu kelmadi.
Ko‘zlaringdin necha su(v) kelgay, deb o‘lturmang meni –
Kim bori qon erdi kelgan, bu kecha su(v) kelmadi.
Tolibi sodiq topilmas, yo‘qsa kim qo‘ydi qadam,
Yo‘lg‘akim, avvalqadam ma’shuqe o‘tru kelmadi.
Ey Navoiy, boda birla xurram et ko‘nglung uyin,
Ne uchunkim, boda kelgan uyga qayg‘u kelmadi
Translation:
Her promise of coming tonight that cypress-
like belle didn’t keep, Looking
forward to seeing her till early dawn I couldn’t sleep.
I could’ve died of ghastly boredom but the stunner didn’t come, Feeling every
moment nervous on my tiptoe I did creep.
It’s her face like the full moon that made her to become discreet, But at night
as dark as my life at my sight she didn’t peep.
Any person would keep laughing if he saw me crazy, mad, For the peri I could
only suffer acutely and weep.
Do not ask why water runs from my eyes, do not make ashamed, It’s all the
blood that pours the whole time, no tears through my pain would seep.
There i
sn’t any faithful claimant or else if he steps along The sweetheart that
he comes across in practice would be first to skip.
Hey Navoi, since joy juice would smash affliction in your house Regale your
heart from time to time; of joyful wine you take a sip.
Here we can see the clear the meaning and the form of original. In order to
give rhyming the length of translation become longer than in the original. But it
remained the melody and unique melodic tunes.
REFERENCES:
1.
G‘aybulla Salomov // Tajima nazariyasi asoslari. Toshkent – O‘qituvchi –
1983.
– B. 207–212b.
2.
G‘aybulla Salomov // Tarjima tashvishlari G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi adabiyoy
va san’at nashriyoti. Toshkent – 1983.
3. Aidakhon Bumatova // Keeping Harmony of Poetical Units in the Translation
of a Poem, Uzbekistan: L
аnguage and Culture 2019\2.
4. http://azamabidov.uz/?p=850.
