№ 1 (2022): Переводоведение: проблемы, решения и перспективы
№ 1 (2022): Переводоведение: проблемы, решения и перспективы
Опубликован:
31-05-2022
Статьи
7-10
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New perspectives of applied linguistics
Linguistics is conventionally divided into theoretical, sometimes it is also called “scientific linguistics” or “theory of linguistics” and “applied (practical) linguistics”; the latter is distinguished by the most popular and broad view, which is generally defined as the activity of applying the scientific knowledge on the structure and functioning of the language in various non-linguistic scientific disciplines, in different spheres of human practical activity in line with theoretical comprehension of this activity.
11-13
209
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Cross-cultural communication challenges in translation/interpretation
The dynamics of the scientific and cultural contacts between independent Uzbekistan and foreign countries arouse high demands on the quality of translation and require the study of the methods of translation used in the transmission of the content of various texts. The role of any language in translation is the same as that which it always plays in the life of society; it acts as the most important means of human communication, reflects any changes in the political and economic life of the
society and forms one of the incredible parts of human behavior
society and forms one of the incredible parts of human behavior
14-15
130
48
Инглиз тилидаги архитектура-қурилиш терминларини ўзбек тилига таржима қилишнинг стилистик муаммолари
Инглиз тили АҚ терминологияси билан умумадабий тил орасида ўзаро, узвий муносабат мавжуд бўлганлиги боис терминологик тизимда умумлисоний лексик-семантик жараёнлар кузатилади. Яъни, умумистеъмолдан АҚ
терминологик тизимига ўтган лексемалар ўз шаклини ўзгартирмай когнитивлик асосида соҳага оид янги маъноларни ифодалашда ҳам фаол қўлланади.
Бундай стилистик бўёққа эга бўлган лексик бирликлар соҳа терминлари таржимасида бирмунча қийинчиликни юзага келтирмоқда. Умуман, тилшуносликда стилистик бирликларни у ёки бу тил меъёрларига мос, мувофиқ таржима қилиш ўта мураккаб ва масъулиятли иш саналади. Бу ҳол терминологик тизимни ҳам четлаб ўтмайди. Коннотатив маънони ўзида акс эттирувчи бирликлар терминологияга хос бўлмаган ҳодисадир.
терминологик тизимига ўтган лексемалар ўз шаклини ўзгартирмай когнитивлик асосида соҳага оид янги маъноларни ифодалашда ҳам фаол қўлланади.
Бундай стилистик бўёққа эга бўлган лексик бирликлар соҳа терминлари таржимасида бирмунча қийинчиликни юзага келтирмоқда. Умуман, тилшуносликда стилистик бирликларни у ёки бу тил меъёрларига мос, мувофиқ таржима қилиш ўта мураккаб ва масъулиятли иш саналади. Бу ҳол терминологик тизимни ҳам четлаб ўтмайди. Коннотатив маънони ўзида акс эттирувчи бирликлар терминологияга хос бўлмаган ҳодисадир.
16-20
187
69
Some aspects of online interpreting: current state and prospects for the future
The challenges of the global COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for a number of emerging changes in the translation industry related to the use of new information and communication technologies (hereinafter referred to as ICT) in interpretation [2. P. 260; 17].
21-22
121
39
Electronic lexicography
The formation of electronic lexicography, which is only now beginning to be recognized as a field in its own right, date right back to the late 1950s/early 1960s, when it went under the names of computer or computational lexicography and the
dictionaries themselves were referred to as machine-readable rather than electronic. At that point, the scope of the field was restricted to “the use of computers in making dictionaries” (Logan 1991: 353).
dictionaries themselves were referred to as machine-readable rather than electronic. At that point, the scope of the field was restricted to “the use of computers in making dictionaries” (Logan 1991: 353).
125
35
От мудрого правления к стратегическому руководству: что не так с переводами документов ООН
С возникновением международных организаций в 1940-х гг. в сфере развития широко распространился так называемый Developmentspeak, или язык развития, представляющий собой специализированный вариант английского языка со своим особым лексиконом. Основные понятия, термины и жаргонизмы языка развития представляют собой громкие слова (buzzwords)
и броские фразы (catchphrases), которые весьма сложны как для понимания, так и для перевода.
и броские фразы (catchphrases), которые весьма сложны как для понимания, так и для перевода.
26-29
128
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Бадиий матнда стилистик воситаларнинг таржима хусусиятлари
Таржимашуносликда стилистик усулларни таржима қилиш таржима стратегияси термини билан талқин қилиниб, унга кўра, тропларни таржима тилига ўгириш учун метод ва трансформация танланади.
30-33
184
49
Translation of legal discourse: linguistic and intercultural communication perspective
Linguistics and translation science are closely interrelated and significantly complement each other as a theoretical basis and its applied application. Translation can be considered as a large-scale natural experiment in comparing linguistic and speech units in two languages in real acts of inter language and intercultural communication. The study of translation makes it possible to reveal important features that may remain undetected within the framework of a “monolingual” research [3. P. 4].
34-36
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Korpusga asoslangan tarjimashunoslikni o‘qitishning o‘ziga хos xususiyatlari
Korpora tarjima jarayonini o‘qitishda tarjima osqichlarida turli o‘rinlarda qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan manbaa hisoblanadi. Quyidagi o‘rinlarda tarjimaga oid bo‘lgan fanlarni o‘qitish jarayonida foydalaniladi: 1) tarjima bosqichlari, bunda tarjimonlar mazmuni, terminologiyasi va dastlabki ma’lumotlarni qidirish va tahlil qilish imkonini beradi: 2) manba va ko‘rsatma tildagi frazeologiya; 3) tarjimonlar qaysi tarjima bosqichida muayyan terminologiya va frazeologiya muammolarining yechimini ta’minlaydi; 4) tarjimalarni qayta ko‘rib chiqish bosqichida, muqobil strategiyalar o‘rganiladi.Ushbu bosqichlarning har birini o‘z ichiga olgan holda bir qator vazifalarni oladi. Masalan, birinchi bosqich quyidagilarni talab qiladi: – tarjima qilinadigan hujjatning janri va reestrini aniqlash; – korpusni yig‘ish; – sohani o‘rganish va qiyin yoki noma’lum tushunchalarni tushunish; – lingvistik terminologiya va frazeologiya bo‘yicha kerakli ma’lumotlarni olish; Ushbu vazifalarni bajarish uchun tarjimon yoki o‘quvchi tilshunoslikdagi tushunchalar va lingvistik ongning ma’lum darajasiga erishgan, bir qancha o‘zlashtirgan bo‘lishi kerak.
37-39
96
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Interpretation of the concept “money” in cognitive linguistics
The analysis of works on the structure of the concept allows us to conclude that researchers from different scientific schools single out some similar basic components in its composition: image, concept and additional features (value component
(V.I. Karasik), significance component (S.G. Vorkachev), cognitive and pragmatic implicational (M.V. Nikitin), interpretive field (Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin), etc.).
(V.I. Karasik), significance component (S.G. Vorkachev), cognitive and pragmatic implicational (M.V. Nikitin), interpretive field (Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin), etc.).
40-42
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Features of the nomination of abbreviations in the socio-political text and the issues of their translation
The deep fundamental differences that exist between different types of abbreviations require differentiated approach to abbreviated names that differ in the method of formation, composition, structure, degree of dependence of the abbreviation on the generating phrase, stylistic coloring, and the function of nomination (compare language and speech abbreviations) cf. BL (British Leyland), Dems (Democrats), CND (Campaign for Nuclear isarmament), Lady Di (Diana).
43-47
257
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Машинный перевод (автоматический перевод)
Маши́нный перево́д – процесс перевода текстов (письменных, а в идеале и устных) с одного естественного языка на другой с помощью специальной компьютерной программы. Так же называется направление научных исследований, связанных с построением подобных систем.
48-51
175
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Немисча матнларни ўзбек тилига таржима қилишнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари
Немис тилли таржимашуносликда таржима терминига нисбатан Übersetzung ва Dolmetschen сўзлари ишлатилади. Уларнинг биринчиси умуман таржима ҳақидаги термин сифатида ҳам узоқ вақт қўлланилиб келинди.
52-53
296
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Analysis of translation of english advertising texts into uzbek
Advertising is a special form of communication, which justifies the use of the term “advertising communications”. Advertising information can be considered: as mass information, as an economic tool, as a psychological impact, as a culture or even art.
52-53
153
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The evaluation of errors in acquisition of chinese preposition “duì (对)” by uzbek-speaking students
The so-called “errors analysis” is to systematically analyze the students' errors in the process of second language acquisition, study its source, reveal the students' interlanguage system, and understand the process and law of second language acquisition. (Liu Xun 2000). Coder divided the mistakes of second language learners into two types: mistakes and errors. The mistakes of the students discussed in this paper are errors, which is, a regular error caused by the poor grasp of the student's target language.
58-61
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Характиристика тематических групп английских терминов железнодорожного транспорта
На основе анализа семантических особенностей мы распределили термины нашей выборки по тематическим группам. Вся английская железнодорожная терминологическая лексика представляет собой систему взаимосвязанных, структурно-организованных групп, классов, рядов, гнёзд терминов, семантических полей. При этом термины «группируются не просто в
вольном порядке, а исходя из систематики данной науки или отрасли, что создаёт особую парадигматику» [4. С. 123].
вольном порядке, а исходя из систематики данной науки или отрасли, что создаёт особую парадигматику» [4. С. 123].
62-63
200
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Reklama matnlari translatologik tamoyillari
Reklama matnlarini boshqa tillarga tarjima qilish o‘ziga xos bir qator muammolarga ega. Chunki har doim ham tarjima jarayonida kutilgan muqobillikka erishib bo‘lmaydi. Shuning uchun reklama matni tushunchasini translatologik nuqtai
nazardan o‘rganib chiqish lozim.
nazardan o‘rganib chiqish lozim.
64-66
98
32
Араб давлатларида таржимонлик миссияларини бажарган ўзбекистонликлар фаолияти (1950–1980-йиллар)
Ўнлаб йиллар мобайнида Мағрибу Машриқда давом этган миллий –озодлик кураши натижасида, 1950-йиллардан бошлаб араб мамлакатлари бирин-кетин ўз мустақилликларини қўлга кирита бошладилар. Шу тариқа собиқ ССРИ ва суверен араб давлатлари ўртасида кенг қамровли ҳамкорлик юзасидан шартномалар, битимлар ва меморандумлар имзолана бошланди. Чунончи, Миср, Ливия Жамоҳирияси, Сурия, ЯХДР, ЙАР, Жазоир, Марокаш, Ироқ, Тунис ва Судан давлатлари билан сиёсий, ҳарбий-техникавий, савдо-иқтисодий, иқтисодий-техникавий, илмий-техникавий, маданий ва маърифий соҳаларда юзлаб узоқ муддатли қўшма шартномалар имзоланди.
67-68
114
37
Main challenges and tools for translation of cultural realities in english jokes
Anecdote is one of the few productive genres of modern folklore, where the national and cultural features of a certain linguistic cultural sphere are reflected. At the level of the text of the joke, norms of behavior, traditional worldview, social, psychological attitudes and ethnic representations are fixed.
69-72
281
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Culture-oriented translation and lexical units with cultural component
The whole system of the language as a whole, language and speech norms reflect the national-cultural specifics of the language. This is the cumulative function of the language. In this function, the language acts as a link between the generations, the repository and the means of transmitting extra-linguistic collective experience, since language not only reflects modern culture, but also fixes its previous state.
73-75
185
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Frazeologik iboralarni italyan tilidan o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilish muammolariga doir
Har bir tilda, iboralar nutqning ko‘rkidir. Shu maqsadda muloqotda nutq o‘stiruvchi vositalarni, ulardan foydalanish usullarini, iboralar va tasviriy ifodalarni o‘rganish muhimdir. Bundan tashqari xorijiy tildagi iboralarning tarjimasi va muqobilini topish ham muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Har bir tilda bo‘lgani kabi italyan tilida ham frazeologik iboralar muhim tadqiqot mavzusi bo‘lib, shu paytgacha ko‘plab tilshunoslar tomonidan o‘rganilib kelinmoqda.
76-77
167
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Exercises for developing simultaneous interpretation
Interpretation can be characterized as a conclusion of understanding between two opposing parts. Its value stems from the reality that a speaker’s meaning is best
communicated in his or her local tongue but is best caught on within the dialects of the audience members. An interpreter considers the communication in one language (that we call the “source language”) and replicates it in composed frame in another language (that one is “target language”). A translator goes in to a talked message within the source language and renders it orally, consecutively or at the same time, within the target dialect. Both the interpreter and the translator must have an intensive mastery of the target language, as well as a really great inactive understanding of language with which they work.
communicated in his or her local tongue but is best caught on within the dialects of the audience members. An interpreter considers the communication in one language (that we call the “source language”) and replicates it in composed frame in another language (that one is “target language”). A translator goes in to a talked message within the source language and renders it orally, consecutively or at the same time, within the target dialect. Both the interpreter and the translator must have an intensive mastery of the target language, as well as a really great inactive understanding of language with which they work.
78-81
164
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Инглиз – ўзбек бадиий таржималарида муқобил вариантни шаклланиш ва ривожланиш босқичлари
Жаҳон адабиёти билан ҳам ўзбек адабиётнинг алоқалари ранг- барангдир. Уларнинг ажралмас таркибий қисми сифатида ўзбек адабиёти ҳам мазмунан, ҳам мундарижа эътибори билан ўсиб, юксалиб бормоқда. Адабиётимизга янги мавзулар, янги жанрлар, янги усул ва формалар кириб келди. Ўз-ўзидан равшанки. Жаҳон адабиётининг жуда кўп асарларини биз бундан кирқ – эллик йил муқаддам таржима қилолмаган, башарти таржима қилсак ҳам, бу санъат асарларини, эҳтимол, ўша давр авлоди қабул қилолмас, ҳазм этолмаслиги мумкин эди. Масалан, буюк инглиз детектив ёзувчиси Агата
Кристининг маълум ва машҳур “Пуаро тергов қилади” (1924 йилда ёзилган), (1925 йилда ёзилган) трагедияси илк бор 80 – йиллардагина билвосита Хасанбой Тешабоев томонида ўзбек тилига ўгирилди. Бу таржима, турган гап, 90 – йиллардаги ўзбекларга мўлжалланган ва буни ўша давр жамоатчилиги маданий ҳаётдаги қандайдир ҳайратомуз бир воқеа сифатида гоҳ ажабланиб, гоҳ мамнуният билан ва хатто баъзан шубҳаланиб қабул қилган эди.
Кристининг маълум ва машҳур “Пуаро тергов қилади” (1924 йилда ёзилган), (1925 йилда ёзилган) трагедияси илк бор 80 – йиллардагина билвосита Хасанбой Тешабоев томонида ўзбек тилига ўгирилди. Бу таржима, турган гап, 90 – йиллардаги ўзбекларга мўлжалланган ва буни ўша давр жамоатчилиги маданий ҳаётдаги қандайдир ҳайратомуз бир воқеа сифатида гоҳ ажабланиб, гоҳ мамнуният билан ва хатто баъзан шубҳаланиб қабул қилган эди.
82-84
330
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Ways оf translation of phraseological units with the component flora from english into russian and vice versa
Phraseological units are of special interest for the study. It is generally accepted that the phraseological fund of the language is a mirror of the national culture, which most visibly manifests the identity of a particular nation, as phraseology reflects to a greater extent the imagery of thinking and picture of the world. The multiplicity of phraseological units in the language implies the need to distinguish their separate groups, and this creates conditions for studying the phraseological composition of the language as a whole.
85-86
135
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O‘zbek milliy cholg‘u asboblarini tarjimadagi roli
Samarqand shahrida 1997-yildan buyon o‘tkazib kelinayotgan an’anaviy “Sharq taronalari” xalqaro musiqa festivali qisqa muddatda jahondagi nufuzli musiqa anjumanlari qatoridan munosib o‘rin egalladi. Ko‘plab davlatlar, xalqaro madaniyat tashkilotlari, dunyo miqyosida tanilgan mashhur san’at namoyandalarining bu festivalga bo‘lgan qiziqishi va e’tibori ortib, ishtirokchi mamlakatlar safi kengayib borayotgani buning yaqqol dalilidir.
87-90
128
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Проблемы перевода юридических терминов с английского на русский язык
Юридическая терминология широко используется не только в профессиональной среде, но и в других сферах языковой коммуникации, поэтому существует большая потребность в изучении языка права для специальных целей.
91-93
120
57
Ўхшатишларни таржима қилиш хусусиятлари
Бизга маълумки, тилда икки нарсани ўзаро қиёслаш, бир-бирига ўхшатиш орқали таъсирчанликни ошириш ўхшатиш стилистик восита асосида амалга оширилади.
94-96
183
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The equivalence of different types of translation and general transformation
Have you read Dan Brown? Paolo Koelo? Haruki Murakami? In the original ?! When we read the books discussed above, we mean translations, but we don’t realize that this is their translation.
97-99
158
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The roles of working memory, language proficiency, and training in simultaneous interpretation performance
The globalization trends of the 21st century, the century of the introduction of innovative technologies in all spheres of human activity continue to strengthen the position of the science of translation, providing its scientific base with theoretical provisions and applied solutions, as well as developing a methodology for researching translation activities in all its aspects. In connection with these objective
prerequisites, the profession of a translator is becoming popular and in demand. The increased popularity of the profession of a translator is caused by the interaction of
different cultures and peoples in the fields of politics, economics, international relations, science, medicine, industry and other areas of activity of a modern person. This fact requires serious methodological decisions in the process of preparing a professional translator, as well as for the implementation of translation activities.
prerequisites, the profession of a translator is becoming popular and in demand. The increased popularity of the profession of a translator is caused by the interaction of
different cultures and peoples in the fields of politics, economics, international relations, science, medicine, industry and other areas of activity of a modern person. This fact requires serious methodological decisions in the process of preparing a professional translator, as well as for the implementation of translation activities.
100-102
87
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Specific peculiarities of the language of medicine in the english and the uzbek languages
The language of medicine is complex. It consists of general medical, general scientific, highly specialized terms, professionalisms, slang terms that express medical information, participate in the process of cognition, consolidation and transfer of knowledge.
103-105
131
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Fast delivery in simultaneous interpretation
Fast speech is the arch enemy of simultaneous interpreters. Prior preparation may address deficiencies in knowledge and terminology, and to some extent, alleviate the pressure of fast delivery. But if the speed is beyond a certain limit, no interpreter can transmit the message in full, even if the interpreter is an expert in the subject. This is even more so when the structures of the source and target languages differ substantially. The reason is simple. All interpreters have limited mental capacity.
106-109
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Challenges in simultaneous interpretation
Simultaneous interpretation is a mode of interpreting in which the interpreter converts what the speaker says into the foreign language in actual time besides disrupting the authentic float of delivery. In other words, the interpreter has to interpret what the speaker says at the identical time as the speaker is announcing it. The duties performed by means of the simultaneous interpreter consist of performing a number of movements nearly simultaneously: listening to the source language, perception the content material of the speech, translating it into the target language and speaking back.
110-112
198
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Problems of culture bound terms translation in simultaneous interpreting
Words related to culture may cause certain difficulties in translation process. This is mainly connected with the terms called cross-cultural problems of simultaneous interpretation. While dealing with cross cultural problems of translation we need to be aware of cross-cultural competence and translational cross-cultural competence. Cross-cultural competence refers to the knowledge, skills, and affect/motivation that enable individuals to adapt effectively in cross-cultural environments.
113-116
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The ways of usage examples of introductory transitions constructions in simultaneous interpretation
Looking at definitions of the word “translation”, we have almost the same description in all dictionaries. For instance, “spoken or written words that have been changed into a different language” [https://www.macmillandictionary.com/],
“a text or word that has been changed from one language into another” [https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/], so on and so forth.
“a text or word that has been changed from one language into another” [https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/], so on and so forth.
117-119
94
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Simultaneous interpreting as a goal oriented activity
Translation has a lengthy history. Its roots go lower back to these far-off distances when the fundamental language started to spoil down into separate languages and there want arose for human beings who knew a number of languages and have been in a position to mediate between one-of-a-kind linguistic communities. Translation undertaking in the modern-day world is gaining greater and greater scale and greater social importance. The occupation translator has emerge as a mass one, and in many nations distinct instructional establishments have been created to teach expert translators. Representatives of many different professions are additionally worried in translations in one structure or another. A large vary of the public is fascinated in translation.
120-123
402
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Translation problems of numbers in oral translation in the english and uzbek
Translation is both a process and a product of activity. The product of such activity is a text translated from one language (original) into another. A translation that meets all the requirements usually includes texts that retain more than 90% of their meaning. It is important to note that each word used in the translation has two aspects.
123-128
212
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Turizm sohasiga boshqa sohalardan o‘zlashgan terminlar
Industriallashuv, ilmiy-texnikaviy taraqqiyot, jadal ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayot asri deb atalgan, xalqaro ahamiyatdagi voqealarga to‘la davrimizda, tilning leksik boyishi jarayoni tinimsiz davom etmoqda. Jamiyat hayotida sodir bo‘layotgan o‘zgarish va turli jarayonlar jahonning barcha mamalakatlari tillarida bevosita aks etadi.
129-131
110
40
Principles of organization of transport and logistic clusters
In recent years, the country has taken a wide range of measures aimed at developing the transport and communications sector, ensuring a high level of traffic
safety, improving the management system in the field of transport, training qualified specialists for the industry.
safety, improving the management system in the field of transport, training qualified specialists for the industry.
132-134
148
34
Mistakes in the process of simultaneous interpretation and tips for the quality improvement
Translation is one of the oldest types of activity, the role of which cannot be realized without serving the immediate needs of peoples in communication. Being as one of the means of intercultural communication, simultaneous interpretation solves the problems of mutual understanding of the subjects of communicative activity, and characterized by special specificity, the presence of specific characteristics.
135-137
108
26
Semantic correlations in the discursive dynamics of translation
Comparative analysis discursive dynamics in translation provides instructional strategies that will open doors to identify the elements under scientific investigation.
Therefore, it will lead to deeper understanding of language elements in translation process and advances cognitive and emotional processing needed for language acquisition. That is the reason why the semantic correlation in translation and discursive dynamic is more appropriate for implementation into the process of comparative linguistic researches and translation studies specialist. Study of the core of the comparative semantic correlation in translation and discursive dynamic, identifying the effective strategies and methods of semantic relationship in translation process and developing efficient ways of analyzing language structures and elements is topical nowadays.
Therefore, it will lead to deeper understanding of language elements in translation process and advances cognitive and emotional processing needed for language acquisition. That is the reason why the semantic correlation in translation and discursive dynamic is more appropriate for implementation into the process of comparative linguistic researches and translation studies specialist. Study of the core of the comparative semantic correlation in translation and discursive dynamic, identifying the effective strategies and methods of semantic relationship in translation process and developing efficient ways of analyzing language structures and elements is topical nowadays.
138-141
201
115
Features of translations from english into uzbek
The history of the development of the Uzbek school of translation has its own specificity and originality. This peculiarity is characterized by (1) the wide development already in the Middle Ages of translations from Eastern languages, mainly from Arabic, the presence of bilingual dictionaries; (2) started from the second half of the XIX translations directly from Western languages, and finally, (3) wide development of translations of artistic and scientific literature from the Russian language, including translations from other world literature languages, through the Russian language. The role of these translations of Russian literature, or through the Russian language, world literature, was very influential on the development of Uzbek culture in general.
142-144
79
74
The issue of interpreting scientific technical texts
Foreign language text translation is always associated with many difficulties that arise in the way of an interpreter. When translating, all the features of a foreign language must be taken into account. The primary aim of an interpreter is to feel the style of the article, to convey all the subtleties of the translated material without distorting the original source. One of the most complicated types of translation is a scientific and technical translation, since for an adequate interpretation of a material in another language, not only linguistic but technical knowledge is required as well.
145-148
144
39
Redundancy of speech and probabilistic forecasting as the basis of the simultaneous translation mechanism
International organizations are expanding their activities and development of international relations has made the need for professional interpreters more pronounced. Today, the demand for simultaneous translators is increasing, as it is the only way to effectively conduct numerous international events. Successful simultaneous interpretation depends on some psychological mechanisms: switching from the source language into the target language, forecasting and synthesizing based on probabilities, and synchronizing the two languages. It is important to note that in studies of simultaneous interpretation, accurate predictions may require taking into account the mechanism of probabilistic forecasting. There are many studies devoted to the consideration of probabilistic forecasting mechanisms from a number of perspectives.
149-151
127
78
Theoretical and practical problems of translation of euphemisms
These two types of translation are commonly used among translators. Theoretical one is mainly based on a solid foundation on comprehending of how languages work and translation theory recognizes that there are various forms of encoding meaning in different languages. Moreover, it leads translators to look for appropriate ways to preserve the meaning by the help of the most appropriate forms of each language. On the other hand, practical translation refers to practical purposes. Sometimes linguists may have difficulties while translating from other languages.
152-154
140
78
Challenges and translating methods of neologisms and their abbreviations on the tourism section
Humans are living in the age of high tech thus technology has already changed our lives in all fields of life. International tourism section became more popular all over the world in last decades. As humans want to travel abroad they need translation of another language. Internet is developing rapidly and there are emerging new technological words which enter humans’ lives within minutes. This process of development influences on tourism section which neologisms and their abbreviations are coming into its terminology as a new word. Tourism terminology science is new and modern subject which there is has not been done enough research in many developing countries yet. Moreover, neologisms are perhaps the non-literary and the professional translators’ biggest problem nowadays. Knowing the best ways of
translating such terms eliminates the difficulties from translators and misunderstanding for travelers. It gives opportunity to make a good qualified translation in the tourism field.
translating such terms eliminates the difficulties from translators and misunderstanding for travelers. It gives opportunity to make a good qualified translation in the tourism field.
155-157
70
40
Сиёсий интервьюни тажима қилишда муаммолар ва методлар
Инглиз тилидан олинган “interview” сўзи “оралиқ”, “нигоҳ” деган маъноларни англатади. Бу нигоҳ ҳар хил бўлиши мумкин. Уларни орасидаги юпқа пардани олиб
ташланса, “нигоҳлар оралиғи” деган мазмунни беради. Яъни журналист билан суҳбатдошнинг қарашлари, нуқтаи назарлари оралиғи ҳисобланади. Интервью – содир бўлган воқеани кимнингдир қараши ёки, фикри орқали ифода этилади. “Интервью – журналистикада ахборот олишнинг асосий усулидир” [1], деганди ҳиндистонлик профессор К.М. Шривастава. Биз ҳам ушбу фикрни тўлиқ қабул қилишимиз мумкин.
ташланса, “нигоҳлар оралиғи” деган мазмунни беради. Яъни журналист билан суҳбатдошнинг қарашлари, нуқтаи назарлари оралиғи ҳисобланади. Интервью – содир бўлган воқеани кимнингдир қараши ёки, фикри орқали ифода этилади. “Интервью – журналистикада ахборот олишнинг асосий усулидир” [1], деганди ҳиндистонлик профессор К.М. Шривастава. Биз ҳам ушбу фикрни тўлиқ қабул қилишимиз мумкин.
158-160
218
207
Strategy of compression in simultaneous interpretation
Simultaneous interpreting is a common interpreting modality that is utilized in conferences, workplace training sessions, and legal or government situations. In the instance of simultaneous interpreting, the interpreter goes through a three-part simultaneous process: Listening to the original language the speaker cognitively converts the communication into the target language before interpreting it to the third party/audience in the target language. This is done concurrently as the speaker continues to give their speech, which is why simultaneous interpreting takes such a high degree of talent and focus.
161-163
129
38
Problems of translation of internet terms in english language
Modern society can be defined as an information society, as today the Internet plays a huge role in our lives. Today, without hesitation, we type requests in a search engine and immediately get the necessary information. But the Internet is not only a powerful and convenient source of information, but also the most popular means of communication, that is, communication. Communication via the Internet will spread to almost all spheres of social life.
164-166
174
131
Factors influencing the quality of consecutive interpretation
Nowadays with the deepening of globalization, consecutive interpretation has become a quite common activity, which plays a vital role in cross culture communication. It is mostly used in formal conference, diplomatic occasions, conference interpretation, business negotiation, press conference, speeches, etc. As to consecutive interpretation, it poses high demands to interpreters, who need to listen to the speakers while taking notes at the same time. As long as the speaker pauses after one paragraph or so, the interpreter has to interpret it into accurate, fluent and understandable target language immediately. Consecutive interpretation requires the interpreters to have solid bilingual languages at least, as well as a great sense of culture.
167-169
177
47
Translation of contemporary english technical terminology
When you stop and think about it, everything in life is translation. We translate our feelings into actions. When we put anything into words, we translate our thoughts.
Every physical action is a translation from one state to another. Translating from one language into another is only the most obvious form of an activity which is perhaps
the most common of all human activities. This maybe the reason people usually take translation for granted, as something that does not require any special effort, and at
the same time, why translation is so challenging and full of possibilities.
Every physical action is a translation from one state to another. Translating from one language into another is only the most obvious form of an activity which is perhaps
the most common of all human activities. This maybe the reason people usually take translation for granted, as something that does not require any special effort, and at
the same time, why translation is so challenging and full of possibilities.
169-172
139
42
About some problems of dictionary usage in translation process
Who will call the child by the right name”, Shakespeare says. Translation torments and editor’s torments are largely related to the choice of the “right name” for a word, phrase, idiom, foreign reality and much more. And the right choice of the right word, the “right name” for the word of the source language is largely determined by the ability – and art – to work with a dictionary, more precisely, with dictionaries.
173-174
108
128
Stalling strategy in simultaneous translation
Stalling is a SP strategy of trying to gain time by slowing down the delivery of translated material or by repeating thematic information that does not contain anything new in order to fill a pause that is too long (Gile 1995:130). Stalling in the translation literature is often described as a technique for resolving problems associated with putting the verb in the last place in the FL. Unlike the waiting strategy, when using this strategy, the simultaneous interpreter does not keep a pause, but fills it with thematic information, in some cases without avoiding repetitions. The task, as in the previous case, is to buy time to get a wider context. Stalling is often used in cases where it is impossible to use CO, i.e. the pause in the translation may be too long, and the speaker's “hint” comes after several semantic groups of the original
175-177
175
68
Translation of uzbek folk tales into english: a trans creative approach in the collaborative translation
The importance of creating an authentic learning environment and engaging students in collaborative translation projects has been recognized in recent years by many translation teachers and scholars, acknowledging “the links and synergies between functional translation theory and authentic translation projects in translator education”, demonstrated in his action research that “an authentic project might be incorporated successfully into a translation practice classroom as an emergent phenomenon that can encourage students to understand translation as complex professional behavior” (2012: 142).
178-179
90
33
Useful tips in the process of experiencing in conference interpreting
Conference interpreting is an important way to successfully host a global meeting in multiple languages. Conference interpreters are trained professionals that
devote their career to ensuring that all attendees – regardless of their language – share the same conference experience. Numerous meeting events, from international conferences to corporate seminars, require a lot of preparation. Events requiring conference interpreting adds another layer of preparation to guaranteesuccess for all participants. Preparing for a global meeting should include concentrating on the interpreters themselves, in order to evade possible miscommunications, confusion and delays – embarrassing and stressful issues for any event organizer.
devote their career to ensuring that all attendees – regardless of their language – share the same conference experience. Numerous meeting events, from international conferences to corporate seminars, require a lot of preparation. Events requiring conference interpreting adds another layer of preparation to guaranteesuccess for all participants. Preparing for a global meeting should include concentrating on the interpreters themselves, in order to evade possible miscommunications, confusion and delays – embarrassing and stressful issues for any event organizer.
180-181
102
49
Difficulties and problems in choosing simultaneous interpretation
Interpretation is described by its immediacy. Interpreters give a first and last delivering of expressed message in real time and for at once communicative use. The message of the source language (henceforth SL), as well as the target language (henceforth TL) are typically a normal language, in the
oral or signed modality, fundamentally ephemeral requiring immediate processing1
oral or signed modality, fundamentally ephemeral requiring immediate processing1
182-183
154
81
O‘zbek tilidan ingliz tiliga aforizmlarni tarjima qilishga oid muammolar
Milliy tiliga ega bo‘lgan har bir millat o‘z tilining boy imkoniyatlaridan foydalanadi. Tilning nufuzi, uning lug‘at boyligidan, ifoda usulining turli-umanligidan, iboralardan kelib
chiqib aniqlash mumkin bo‘ladi. Undan tashqari aforizmlar, hikmatli so‘zlar ham muayyan xalqning tarixi, turmush tarzi, qadriyatlarini bayon qiladi.
chiqib aniqlash mumkin bo‘ladi. Undan tashqari aforizmlar, hikmatli so‘zlar ham muayyan xalqning tarixi, turmush tarzi, qadriyatlarini bayon qiladi.
184-186
164
39
Comparative analysis of bilingual and monolingual dictionaries
This thesis is devoted to the classification of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. Dictionaries are a widely used tool by foreign and second language learners. Although some teachers refuse to use dictionaries in the classroom, recent research has shown that dictionaries play an important role in language learning and teaching. Thus, the research will highlight the pros and cons of both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries
187-189
183
114
Mistakes in the process of simultaneous interpretation
There is no any work without any mistake. As well as other professions, there are certain mistakes of the interpreter in the process of simultaneous interpretation, too. However, before discussing about the mistakes let us look through the difficulties in this process. Since, mistakes are densely connected with the difficulties in any field. So, what are the difficulties of simultaneous translation? Firstly, the work of an interpreter in conditions of simultaneous listening and
speaking requires constant concentration of attention and continuous speaking. A situation of split attention arises, caused by the need to constantly compare two languages and switch from one code to another. This leads to the fact that after 20-30 minutes of translation, the interpreter becomes tired of the articular apparatus, self-control decreases, and serious and sometimes absurd errors appear in the translation text, even in their native language. It is for this reason that the translator must rest after every twenty minutes of work.
speaking requires constant concentration of attention and continuous speaking. A situation of split attention arises, caused by the need to constantly compare two languages and switch from one code to another. This leads to the fact that after 20-30 minutes of translation, the interpreter becomes tired of the articular apparatus, self-control decreases, and serious and sometimes absurd errors appear in the translation text, even in their native language. It is for this reason that the translator must rest after every twenty minutes of work.
190-191
144
35
Main problems in translation
Translation is a type of literary creation that involves re-creating a text in one language in another. Translation is the most important form of interethnic communication. Depending on the nature of the original and the reconstructed text is divided into literary translation, scientific translation and other types. Depending on the style of the original, it can be interpreted, translated, or commented on. Translation originated in ancient times due to the need for communication between people of different tribes. This oral form, called translation, has survived to the present day.
192-193
96
44
The interpreter’s significance in the european parliament
Four times a year, parliamentarians who speak German, French, Italian and Romansh gather in Bern for a regular parliamentary session. How do they find a common language? As one of the official simultaneous interpreters admits, it is quite difficult to find such a language, because it is necessary that each deputy fully understands what is happening. The work of an interpreter is associated with significant stress, but nothing can be done without it.
194-196
316
143
Types of rhymes and their ways of translation
This article is devoted to distinguish which can help students enhance types of rhymes in English poetry. Types of rhymes are complex and a bit difficult to analyze and understand. The English translators sometimes have to struggle to use rhymes during their translation process. So, how many types of rhymes are used in poetry and according to which classification should people differentiate them? Rhythm & Rhyme. Definition: The concept of ‘rhythm and rhyme’ refers to a pattern of rhymes that is created by using words that produce the same, or similar sounds. Rhythm and rhyme together refer to the recurrence of similar sounds in prose and poetry, creating a musical, gentle effect. Example: “I am a teapot Short and stout; This is my handle And this is my spout. When the water’s boiling Hear me shout; Just lift me up And pour me out”.
197-198
78
39
Knowledge complementarity in simultaneous interpretation
Translation services are very diverse. Any text- written or oral, literary or technical – can be translated. The translation will be oral and written. Interpreting is divided into simultaneous and sequential translation. In simultaneous translation, the interpreter speaks at the same time as the speaker. This type of translation is intended for a large audience and requires the use of special equipment in international conferences and seminars. This type of translation is considered to be the most expensive among translation services as it requires the translator not only a thorough knowledge of the native language and a foreign language, but also the ability to instantly find the necessary similarities in the process of language change.
199-200
172
86
Probabilistic forecasting strategy in simultaneous interpretation
The author of the term “probabilistic forecasting” I.M. Feigenberg defines it like this: “The occurrence of situation A is a signal to prepare system of the organism to a reaction adequate to such a situation B, the conditional probability of occurrence of which, after A, is maximum... The wider the range of events that followed equally often in the past for A (that is, the more uncertain the forecast is), the wider range of physiological systems is mobilized in response to A. Such a pre-setting for action in the coming situation based on the probabilistic structure of the past experience can be called probabilistic forecasting”.
201-205
1230
175
Sinxron tarjima tarixi va uning hayotimizdagi o‘rni
Tarjima tarixi juda qadim zamonlardan boshlanadi. Qadim zamonlardan buyon turli tillarda so‘zlashuvchi xalqlar bir-birlari bilan muomala qilganlarida tarjimon (tilmoch) orqali ish bitkazganlar. Tarjimonsiz ish bitirish qiyin bo‘lgan. Savdo-sotiq ishlarida, diplomatik munosabatlar va madaniy aloqalarda hamma vaqt tarjimaga zarurat tugilgan
206-209
102
76
Суғурта сохасига оид терминларнинг лексикографик тадқиқи
Лексикография – (грек.лехиcон-луғат ва грапҳо-ёзаман)- луғат тузишга қаратилган соҳа бўлиб амалий ҳамда назарий тамойилларга асосланади. Сўзлар айнан бир йўналишга қаратилиб, тартибга солинган жамланмаси луғат дейилади.
210-212
114
73
Translation strategies and methods
Translation has typically been used to convert written or spoken SL texts into equivalent written or spoken TL texts. In general, the purpose of translation is to reproduce various types of texts, including religious, literary, scientific and philosophical texts, in another language and thus make them available to a wider readership.
213-214
96
27
Bilingual memory: lexical processing in simultaneous translation
Bilingual memory is to the extreme processing requires of professional simultaneous interpreters. Bilingualisms completed word production, lexical retrieval, and verbal fluency tasks. Interpreters exhibited rose fluency in their both languages, and they were faster to translate words in two directions. But, no significant differences appeared in picture naming or word reading. This suggests that lexical meaning in interpreters are confined to their specifically trained abilities (vocabulary search, reformulation), with no permanent changes in other word-processing mechanisms. Significantly, these differences seem to affect specifically linguistic effects, as two samples were matched for relevant executive abilities. Additionly, only word translation performance correlated with the years of interpreting experience. For that reason, despite their tight cooperation, dissimilar subcomponents within bilingual memory seem characterized by self-supporting, usage-driven flexibility.
215-217
177
231
Strategies and techniques in simultaneous interpretation
From the functional-communicative perspective, any translation is considered a specific type of speech act that creates a product (text) with the intention of ensuring
successful and adequate communication between representatives of different linguocultures. In psychology, activity is characterized by the following main characteristics: objectivity, purposefulness, motivation, hierarchical organization, and stages [3;65]. In the domestic tradition, when modelling translation activity (i.e. a chain of purposeful actions), it is common to operate with such notions as strategy, tactics, methods and techniques, and these terms are often used undifferentiated, although they are applied to phenomena of different nature, which brings some confusion and terminological uncertainty in the scientific discourse of translation studies.
successful and adequate communication between representatives of different linguocultures. In psychology, activity is characterized by the following main characteristics: objectivity, purposefulness, motivation, hierarchical organization, and stages [3;65]. In the domestic tradition, when modelling translation activity (i.e. a chain of purposeful actions), it is common to operate with such notions as strategy, tactics, methods and techniques, and these terms are often used undifferentiated, although they are applied to phenomena of different nature, which brings some confusion and terminological uncertainty in the scientific discourse of translation studies.
218-220
120
47
The role of discourse markers in translation
Discourse markers are mostly used for the production of coherent conversation and, particularly, to make clear the speaker’s intentions and show what the speaker intends to do with words. In general, there is no complete correspondence between two languages in the field of discourse markers: most of the time their correlation in the target language have not the same pragmatic meaning, constituting a usual difficulty in translation.
221-222
123
47
The role of pragmatic aspects in simultaneous interpretation
Simultaneous translation is one of the most complex types of interpreting, and this type of translation is performed using special equipment. It is a method of oral translation in which the speaker delivers the content of the speech to the audience
without the interpreter delivering it.
without the interpreter delivering it.
223-227
223
160
Problems of translation of realias
The translation of realia is partly great and important problem of transference of national and historical peculiarity which ascent to the very conception of theory of translation as independent discipline. Not setting our selves a target to give a historical survey we bring only some facts and names connected with the elaboration of this problem in translation.
228-229
97
35
The impact of non-native english on ommisions in simultaneous interpreting
Omission is a method or procedure in translating, whether it is made for pragmatic or capacity reasons. Taking after a survey of the approaches to omission, this study sets out to investigate the effect of a strong, non-native English emphasize on omission, on the off chance if any. An explore has been carried out on interpreting students, described below in detail to look for the connection between accent and omission.
230-232
96
30
Successful tips for online format simultaneous interpretation
This given publication work aims at revealing the notion of interpretation, interpretation on online format its problems and successful tips for online interpretation. Interpreting, both simultaneous and consecutive, has its own challenges. Of course, simultaneous online interpretation has a difficulty for interpreters. Analysing what the speaker just said and delivering it to the audience in their native language, while still listening to the next words of the speaker requires lot of attention and excellent sensory and cognitive skills. Here are three main challenges faced by interpreters: One of the biggest challenges in interpreting is that multiple processes take place at once. You start with listening and analysing the speech, putting in short term memory efforts and then reproducing it in the language of the audience. The fast pace of the speaker and unfamiliarity with the subject can make the process more difficult.
233-234
97
33
Importance of gender in modern transation studies
Echo of Moscow” and the program “Record” about the work of an interpreter: they say that the most in demand are universal translators (they must be able to perform all types of oral and written translation). The most prestigious is simultaneous translation. It requires technical means, due to the high intensity and constant concentration of attention, it requires a pair in which interpreters replace each other every 20-30 minutes. The quality of simultaneous translation largely depends on how the interpreter can choose the right place for himself, correctly seat the participants and calculate the speed of the speaker's speech. Written translations are the most common (the main job for most specialists). The career of a translator largely depends on how prestigious the university he graduated from. It is almost impossible to enter there without special training. At least 2 years of special training 2-3 times a week.
235-236
115
41
Errors in the process of simultaneous interpretation
Interpretation occurs when one person translates orally what he or she hears from the speaker into another language. Moreover, in this globalization era, everyone is required to interact and communicate each other despite the distance of geographic, language, and culture, the interpreting is needed to solve the distance. Interpretation helps people in the process of exchanging thought and information, not only for communication between two people in different languages, but also to deliver the information in seminar, global meeting, conference, and many other important discussions in this world which have different languages.
237-238
244
135
Types of omission and addition in simultaneous interpretation
Omission in simultaneous interpretation, known as an incomplete rendition of the information present in the source language, has long been a contentious issue. Altman (1994), Barik (1994), Gile (1995; 1999) as well as Setton (1999) have perceived omission in simultaneous interpreting either as a mistake or as a technique that interpreters may use only in extremely difficult conditions, when experiencing cognitive overload. Furthermore, Viaggio (2002), Visson (2005) and Pym (2008) draw attention to the pragmatic approach to omission, treating it as a conscious decision made by the interpreter rather than a mistake resulting from miscomprehension.
239-240
111
37
The role of simultaneous interpreting in shaping the public opinion in Uzbekistan
Today, great importance is attached to the teaching and learning of languages of everyday use. The implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PPP 1875 of December 2012 “On measures to strengthen the learning of foreign languages” requires a lot of effective work in our country. The participation of leading scientists and delegates from Uzbekistan in the organization of international conferences, symposiums and seminars will certainly increase the number of translators with knowledge and skills in foreign languages.
241-242
362
94
Translation problems of food words in uzbek
This article is written to the translation problems of national food words and expression from the Uzbek language into the English language. Such words and expressions which realting to the food create few difficulties for the translator. Because they are given the appropriate definition to the names of dishes. Every living soul needs food.
243-244
260
90
Simultaneous translation strategies in the activities of international translators
Simultaneous interpretation is a kind of interpretation, the distinctive feature of which is the simultaneous performance of the speaker and the translation of his speech by a simultaneous interpreter. This type of simultaneous translation is sometimes called actually synchronous.
245-247
90
42
The issue of coherence in interpretation
This given publication work aims at revealing the role of coherence and its development in the process of interpretation. The features of coherence and the
development of coherence are discussed and analysed in the thesis.
development of coherence are discussed and analysed in the thesis.
248-251
205
307
Transport terminologiyasida logistik atamalar klassifikatsiyasi
Doimiy rivojlanayotgan dunyo va insoniyat o‘zaro bir-biriga ta’sir ko‘rsatadi va buning natijasi o‘laroq inson atrofidagi haqiqatni faol ravishda o‘zgartiradi.Inson va idrok qilinadigan dunyo o‘rtasidagi vositachi – bu yaqin til bo‘lib, u tartibga solish vazifasini bajaradi va dunyoning lingvistik rasmini yaratish uchun xotirada ko‘p bilimlarni tizimlashtirish imkoniyati sifatida ishlaydi.
252-254
176
139
Translation problem of uzbek national clothes into english language
Every state, nation has its own national values, customs and traditions. These values have been formed, developed, evolved over the centuries and passed down from generation to generation. The Uzbek people have always been distinguished by their colorful and high culture, customs and traditions. It is well known that national, customs, traditions and traditions have been created for thousands of years and have become a way of life for the people. They are the lifeblood of the nation, its strong roots.
255-257
285
354
Transport terminlarning morfologik yasalish usulari
“Termin yasalishining morfologik usulida so‘z yasovchi affikslar yordamida bir yoki bir nechta hosil qiluvchi o‘zaklar asosida yangi atama yasaladi” [3].Ingliz transport terminologiyasida monoleksemik va polileksemik atamalar (qo‘shma so‘zlar, terminologik iboralar) farqlanadi. Monoleksemik atamalar orasida hosila atamalar ajralib turadi (masalan: “carriage”, “stowage”, “loading”, “discharging”, “seaworthiness”, “observance”, “commitment”, “affreightment”, “discount”, “discharge”, “consolidation”, “brokerage”, “gearless”) va asosan anglo-sakson kelib chiqishiga ega bo‘lmagan hosilalar (masalan: “sail”; “ship”; “wharf”; “trim”; “beacon”; “beam”; “mast”).
258-259
87
63
Importance of working memory in simultaneous interpretation
Simultaneous interpreting presents in the target language, the exact meaning of what is said in the source language while keeping the tone of the speaker. Simultaneous interpretation (SI), one of the most energy-intensive areas of professional activity, seems impossible at first glance. Speed signal processing and the accuracy of the output result, which professional interpreters demonstrate appear unattainable without long years of training and very strict selection.
260-261
116
47
Peculiarities of translation of financial terms in simultaneous interpretation
Business integration and globalization processes, expansion of international cooperation, the dynamic development of
economic relations make the sublanguage economy is the object of close attention of researchers. Interest for linguists presents as a study of the development of financial, economic, managerial terminology of a particular language, and the study of the problems of its translation
economic relations make the sublanguage economy is the object of close attention of researchers. Interest for linguists presents as a study of the development of financial, economic, managerial terminology of a particular language, and the study of the problems of its translation
262-263
102
38
The role of simultaneous interpretation in the system of translation types
We all know that simultaneous interpretation is the process where the interpreter needs to interpret what the speaker is saying at the same time as they are speaking. There is no delay between the interpretation and what the listeners are receiving. The interpreter can pause for no more than a couple of words behind the speaker. The pause is also only taken just to process the speech and process the interpretation. This type of interpretation is used commonly in the speeches given at the United Nations. Even presidential speeches or any large international conferences often make use of simultaneous interpretation.
264-266
124
57
Procedures for translating dialogues in “home alone 2: lost in new york” from english into uzbek
The audio-visual translation is the most efficient and effective approach to converting movies into various languages. You may simply reach your target audience and increase the number of people who view and appreciate your film by using globalized audio-visual content. It’s similar to website optimization. It’s a littlepricey, but the results are well worth it. Many translation companies offer audiovisual translation in a variety of languages, with prices varying depending on the language’s complexity. These businesses have a team of native translators who can translate and enhance movies with audiovisual effects. Because the translator must provide audiovisual content that resonates with the culture and location of your viewers, this is a difficult undertaking.
267-269
145
85
Different speech compression types in simultaneous interpreting
This publication paper describes the different types of speech compression techniques. First of all we are eager to give the definition of the notion “speech compression”.
270-273
202
119
Tarjimada nutqni qisqartirish va cho‘zish
Tarjimon o‘zi tarjima qilayotgan tilni mukammal bilishi va tarjima qilayotgan til tuzilishini ham birdek mukammal bilishi kerak. Bu vaqtda tarjimon chet tilida ekvivalentlikni olish uchun ikkala tilda ham keng bilimga ega bo‘lishi kerak, chunki ikkala tilni cho‘zish va qisqartirish tamoyillarini bilishning yetishmasligi mantiqsiz va ma’nosiz tarjimaga olib keladi. Tarjimon so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilish tendensiyasidan qochishi kerak, chunki bunday tarjima qilish asl ma’noni buzish, ifoda go‘zalligini buzadi.
274-278
266
62
Main problems of translating metaphors
Theory of conceptual metaphor was based on the material of everyday speech by doing so George Lakoff and Mark Johnson intended to prove the influence of the metaphor on human thought. According to their theory, metaphor is considered as
the specific form of cognition, structure and consideration of reality
the specific form of cognition, structure and consideration of reality
279-282
124
125
Особенности перевода фразеологических единиц
Переводоведение является не просто наукой, но также сложным и утонченным видом искусства, ведь умение понять и передать смысл сказанного требует искусности и профессионализма переводчика. В процессе перевода происходит не просто замена одного языка другим, а наблюдается столкновение различных культур и традиций. Чтобы выполнять качественный перевод, переводчику необходимо знать различные приёмы перевода и применять их на практике.
283-284
138
65
Определение понятия стратегии перевода
В переводческой практике термин «стратегия перевода» получил распространение достаточно давно. Этап формирования переводческой стратегии является промежуточным между пред переводческим анализом и непосредственно переводом. Стоит отметить, что, говоря о процессе перевода, исследователи используют не только термин сочетание стратегия перевода,
но и «переводческая стратегия» [Алексеева, 143-170], стратегия поведения переводчика в процессе перевода» или «тактика перевода
но и «переводческая стратегия» [Алексеева, 143-170], стратегия поведения переводчика в процессе перевода» или «тактика перевода
285-286
330
96
История возникновения устного перевода
В ходе Парижской мирной конференции 1919-1920 годов впервые начал использоваться устный последовательный перевод. В этот период, французский язык утратил монополию единственного языка дипломатии. Позднее, последовательный перевод стал использоваться на заседаниях Лиги Наций с 1919 по 1942, на которых было предусмотрено два рабочих языка – английский и французский. Переговоры переводом не прерывались, то есть речь ораторов чередовалась с речью переводчика.
287-288
111
39
The problems of translating idioms and fixed expressions and strategies to prevent them
In the period in which English is flourishing and developing as a global language, it is essential to be able to speak fluently and appropriately to excel at it and accomplish a wide range of educational opportunities and economic growth. As long as it is impossible to conduct English communication without fluent speech, learners are required to be devoted to translating and learning the idioms and fixed phrases as well as applying them in their speech correctly and translators are in charge of this procedure.
289-291
124
56
Mechanism of anticipation in simaltaneous interpretation
No matter how well the translator knows the native and foreign languages; linguistic knowledge alone is not enough for successful work as an interpreter,especially as a simultaneous interpreter. A professional simultaneous interpreter is a walking encyclopaedic references book. In his work, the translator encounters the terms of political negotiations, geography, literature, and world history. At scientific conferences where simultaneous translation services are in great demand, problems of medicine, programming and other natural sciences are discussed, which means that a simultaneous interpreter must be well versed in these topics.
292-293
76
21
Theoretical foundations of the features of the translation of legal texts
Currently, Uzbekistan seriously claims equal coexistence with other States in the field of legal development. This, in addition to everything else, means the desire, opportunity and organizational readiness to adequately perceive and implement the advanced trends of world lawmaking in domestic legislation. Consequently, one of the important tactical tasks in this regard is the application and implementation of international and European legal norms, which can be properly ratified only if they are translated into the State language. The main elements of international law that need to be translated into Uzbek are international agreements, conventions, directives, protocols, etc. The need for their translation is primarily due to the
ratification procedure.
ratification procedure.
294-295
182
73
Особенности передачи реалий при переводе публицистических текстов с английского языка на русский
Переводоведение, являясь процессом лингвистическим, в то же время является и междисциплинарной наукой, которая учитывает явления и процессы, происходящие в социолингвистике и культурологии. Естественно, что при контакте разных культур происходит процесс обмена информацией во всех аспектах человеческой деятельности, и в первую очередь на языковом уровне. Постижение языковых особенностей, не характерных собственному социуму, является мощным интеллектуальным механизмом, обеспечивающим знакомство с другими культурами и их мировосприятием через призму языка
296-297
178
183
Means of compression in simultaneous interpreting
Compression is a special type of transformation that is based on the immanent properties of the language system and contributes to bringing extended syntactic constructions to a less complex form, which, however, can transmit the same amount of information as full expanded constructions.
298-299
118
54
Evolution of interpreting strategies in simultaneous interpreting
Simultaneous Interpreting is arguably the most complex interpreting process. Initially proposed to used prior to World War II, simultaneous interpreting was however not in favor by conference delegates due to the inability to check for errors or mistakes during the interpreting (Herbert, 1978, as cited in Al-Zahran, 2007). It was until the Nuremberg Trial in 1940s that SI was recognized and then widely used to replace consecutive interpreting (Bowen & Bowen, 1984, as cited in Al-Zahran, 2007). One significant reason for its popularity was none other than SI was effective to solve an issue of interpreting more than two languages for a larger mass which was time saving (Ramler, 1988 as cited in Al-Zahran, 2007). Its complexity, simultaneity, and speed traits, however, make those who aspire to be a simultaneous conference interpreter mostly unable to fulfill (Moser-Mercer, 2000).
300-301
343
202
Tarjimashunoslik: muammolar, yechimlar va istiqbollar
Har bir til vaqt oʻtishi bilan taraqqiy etib boradi. Bu jarayonda ba’zan muvaffaqiyatlar, bazan keskin burilishlar va muammolar yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Til millatning koʻzgusi demakdir. Ayni millat istiqboli, kelajagi uchun ham tildagi vujudga kelayotgan muammolar barcha uchun muhim va birinchi darajadagi omil boʻlmogʻi kerak.
302-303
181
47
On the issues of translation of neologisms
Neologisms often become popular by way of mass media, the Internet, or word of mouth – especially, many linguists suspect, by younger people. Virtually every word in a language was, at some time, a neologism, though most of these ceased to be such through time and acceptance. Neologisms often become accepted parts of the language. Other times, however, they disappear from common use just as readily as they appeared.
304-307
138
35
Dialogic rhetoric of english and uzbek
The comparative study of rhetorical aspects of speech culture in the English and Uzbek languages is critical for improving and developing learners' knowledge, abilities, and experience with linguistic methods pertaining to both languages. It is quite difficult to comprehend and justify professionals, particularly leaders and heads who are unable to communicate their thoughts freely and lack fluency, eloquence, and correctness in speaking in their home tongue. This concept emphasizes the significance of knowing the secrets of speech culture and the art of public speaking in today’s world.
308-309
91
45
Critical discourse analysis in media studies
This research examines the field of discourse analysis which has popularity in the media field and communication studies. The research is focused on the application in 1990s in critical discourse analysis that is examining a variety of approaches it. The goal of the review research is to discover and to know the role of CDA in the hidden ideologies in media of discourse studies. There are ten article journals to clarify the methods, ways, and finding in which CDA has found in our phenomenon of social and in education.
310-312
73
31
Холид ҳусайний асарларининг қиёсий тадқиқи: афғонистон перспективаси
Афғон-америка адабиёти намояндаси Холид Ҳусайний романларини Афғонистон, оила, аёллик ва болалик перспективаларига ажратиб таҳлил қилиш жараёнида Афғонистон перспективаси қобиқ, яъни ўраб олувчи
перспектива вазифасини бажарганлиги ҳамда у ўз навбатида оила, аёллик ва болалик перспективаларини қамраб олиши кузатилди.
перспектива вазифасини бажарганлиги ҳамда у ўз навбатида оила, аёллик ва болалик перспективаларини қамраб олиши кузатилди.
313-315
80
48
Бёрнс шеърлари таржималарида воситачи тилнинг таъсири
Буюк шотланд шоири Роберт Бёрнснинг жаҳон адабиёти хазинасига катта ҳисса бўлиб қўшилган ҳаётбахш поэзияси бугунги кунда дунёнинг кўп тилларида жарангламоқда. Ўтнафас шоирнинг ўхшаши йўқ, бетакрор шеърияти, эрк ва озодлик туйғулари йўғдирилган қўшиқ ва балладалари, ўткир мазмунга эга эпиграммалари ўқувчини дарҳол ўзига жалб эта олади. Унинг соф, инсоний, беғараз муҳаббатни куйловчи шеърлари, айниқса, дилларга яқиндир.
316-317
624
519
Oʻzbek tilshunosligining qiyosiy-tarixiy bosqichlari
Qiyosiy-tarixiy tilshunoslik, qiyosiy tilshunoslik, komparativistika – tilshunoslikning qarindosh tillarni, yaʼni genetik jihatdan oʻzaro bogʻliq tillarni oʻrganuvchi, ular oʻrtasidagi munosabatlarni aniqlovchi hamda ularning zamon va makon boʻyicha tadrijiy taraqqiyotini tavsiflovchi sohasidir. Til oilalarining, shu tizimlardagi ayrim tillar va elementlarning kelib chiqishini aniqlash, jumladan, tillar oʻrtasidagi genetik qarindoshlikni – ularning yagona bir manbadan kelib chiqqanligini aniqlash ham Qiyosiy-tarixiy tilshunoslikning maqsadlari doirasiga kiradi.
318-320
183
137
Globalizatsiya sharoitida milliy tillar rivojlanishining ayrim muammolari
Globalizatsiya jarayonlari har tomonni qamrab oladigan xarakterga ega bo‘lgani uchun uni turli xil ilmlar o‘rganaveradi. Shunisi ham e’tiborga loyiqqi, bu ilmlarning har qaysisi muammoning o‘ziga tegishli qismini o‘rganish bilan cheklanmay, shu ilmga tegishli tushunchalar tizimidan ham foydalanadi. Shuning uchun ham hozirga qadar “globallashtirish” tushunchasining hamma tomondan e’tirof qilingan yagona ta’rifi ishlab chiqarilgani yo‘q [5. P. 116].
321-324
104
44
Nikkolo ammanitining “men va sen” asarida troplarning qo‘llanilishi
Hozirgi davr italyan adabiyotining yirik namoyondalaridan biri Nikkolo Ammaniti 1966 yil 25-sentyabrda Rimda ziyolilar oilasida tug‘ilgan. Uning birinchi romani,
“Branchie” (Baqalar) to‘plami hisoblanib, 1994 yilda Ediesse tomonidan nashr etilgan. Bu roman uning adabiy muhitga kirib kelish debochasi edi. 1996-yilda Mondadorining
“Fango” (Ko‘lmak) hikoyalar to‘plami nashr etilgan; uch yil o‘tgach, “Ti prendo e ti porto via” (Seni olib olislarga ketaman) Mondadori tomonidan ham nashr etildi, ammo uni keng ommaga mashhur qilgan asari “Io non ho paura” (Men qo‘rqmayman) romani edi. “Men va Sen” Nikkolo Ammanitining 2010-yil oktyabr oyida nashr etilgan qisqa romani.
“Branchie” (Baqalar) to‘plami hisoblanib, 1994 yilda Ediesse tomonidan nashr etilgan. Bu roman uning adabiy muhitga kirib kelish debochasi edi. 1996-yilda Mondadorining
“Fango” (Ko‘lmak) hikoyalar to‘plami nashr etilgan; uch yil o‘tgach, “Ti prendo e ti porto via” (Seni olib olislarga ketaman) Mondadori tomonidan ham nashr etildi, ammo uni keng ommaga mashhur qilgan asari “Io non ho paura” (Men qo‘rqmayman) romani edi. “Men va Sen” Nikkolo Ammanitining 2010-yil oktyabr oyida nashr etilgan qisqa romani.
325-327
66
29
Францияда барокко драматургияси
Барокко шеъриятидан ташқари, Францияда барокко драматургияси ҳам ривожланиб бормоқда эди. Барокко театрида A. Арди ижодидаги трагикомедия жанрининг динамик ҳаракатлар билан тўлалиги, мизансцен саҳнасининг самарадорлиги, сюжетларнинг мураккаблиги ва бошқа ўзига хос хусусиятлари аниқ кўринади.
328-330
343
292
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida leksikografiyaning rivojlanish tarixi
Mamlakatimizdagi keng ko‘lamli islohotlar har bir sohaning rivojlantirish, ularning ahamiyatini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha qabul qilingan qonun va qarorlar tilshunoslik sohasidagi ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlarining yangi bosqichga ko‘tarilishiga sabab
bo‘lgani leksikografik tadqiqotlarga ham bevosita aloqadorligini ko‘rsatib berdi.
bo‘lgani leksikografik tadqiqotlarga ham bevosita aloqadorligini ko‘rsatib berdi.
331-333
189
51
Эффективность использования музыки при обучении студентов консерватории английскому языку
Использование песен и влияние музыки на создание благоприятной атмосферы в классе для изучения иностранного языка было исследовано и доказано многими учеными. [1, 2, 3] Согласно наблюдениям, проведенным во время уроков английского языка в Государственной консерватории Узбекистана, преподаватели в целом поддерживают идею использование музыки на уроках, с учетом того, что для студентов музыка является частью их повседневной жизни. Исследование имело целью установить, насколько эффективно и рационально строить уроки изучения иностранного языка с использованием музыки именно для тех, кому каждый день приходится заниматься музыкой по своей специальности.
334-337
104
53
The structure of the english article
The majority of English articles have the structure of an inverted pyramid. This means that the main information of the article is summarized in the first paragraph, thus turning the text upside down. The ending, the consequences of an event are put in the first place, whereas the details and the initial cause are revealed later. The aim of such structure is to bring the vital information to the reader’s attention as soon as possible, which is in the first passages of the article.
338-342
129
42
Various theoretical approaches to the study of bilingualism and neurofunctional theory
Psycholinguistic problems of bilingualism/multilingualism have long been of concern to researchers in different countries. The purpose of the proposed review is to focus attention on the topical problems of today, therefore, publications of the beginning of the new millennium are mainly considered, while earlier works are touched upon only as needed (in connection with the discussion of certain issues)
343-344
107
76
Linguocultural features of legends in a parallel corpus (on the of english – uzbek, uzbek – english parallel texts)
A parallel corpus is corpus that contains a collection of original texts in language and their translations into a set of languages. In most cases, parallel corpora contain data from only two languages. Closely related to parallel corpora is comparable corpora, which consists of texts from two or more languages which are similar in genre, topic register etc. This article is devoted to the analyses of linguocultural features of legends in a parallel corpus on the of English-uzbek, uzbek-english parallel text.
345-347
147
68
Comparative analysis of phraseological units with components denoting money in english and uzbek languages
A comparative study of the phraseological foundation of various languages is one of the main tasks of phraseology as a linguistic science. This science is engaged in the study of such aspects as the stability of phraseological units, the consistency of phraseology, the semantic structure of phraseological units, their origin and basic functions. There were plenty of scholars’ opinions that studied these terms differently and in many cases.
348-350
143
66
The origin of tree names and their role in uzbek literature (dendronyms)
Etymology is a branch of linguistics that studies the history of the origin of words. The term "etymology" in nineteenth-century linguistics means “grammar” also used in the sense of the main task of etymology is to restore the process of formation of the language vocabulary, its original state and antiquity. For example, in some languages, the relationship between the shape of words and the meaning of a word has become unclear.
351-353
104
61
Linguoculturological features of phraseological units of the english and uzbek language
Nowadays, if you are fluent in a foreign language, does not mean that you know the culture of a particular people. During communication, a person should be able to interpret the behavior of the interlocutor not from the point of view of his own national worldview, but from the point of view of his culture. The main mistake that is made when communicating with interlocutors of other nationalities is an incorrect interpretation of the interlocutor's behavior in relation to culture. The reason for studying the culture of another people and the behavior of its representatives is the understanding and understanding of the worldview of representatives of another language and culture, which serves to form a certain type of communication.
354-359
158
55
Translation problems and methods of idioms with component of flora from english into uzbek/russian
The process of translating idioms, considered one of the most difficult and controversial tasks in the theory and practice of translation.This process requires a lot of responsibility from the translator, creative research, care and skill. In terms of studying idioms, the creation of an adequate translation, the author's style and style of translation, the reflection of the national color in the translation and the study of important theoretical problems are of great importance
360-361
326
68
Афоризмы – основные типы и ключевые характеристики
Афоризмы всегда привлекали внимание людей, но в настоящее, время их значение особенно возрос интерес к афоризмам возник потому, что в силу своей универсальности и смысловой автономности афоризмы-соответствуют духу эпохи. Следует отметить, что афоризм давно перестал быть прерогативой только литературоведения. B последние десятилетия он становится
предметом изучения в лингвистике, языкознании, и других науках, а также изучается с различных позиций.
предметом изучения в лингвистике, языкознании, и других науках, а также изучается с различных позиций.
362-363
335
60
The importance of psychological principles in foreign language teaching
It is difficult to overestimate the meaning of a foreign language for modern society as it influences directly all the main life aspects in the development of every country. Nowadays, to be a highly qualified specialist signifies not only to be professional in your narrow sphere of knowledge but to master foreign languages as well. There exist different factors in providing successful foreign language teaching. One of the most important among them belongs to Psychology. Deep understanding of various psychological aspects may help teachers to solve many key moments in their work: to find a proper method of working in every students’ group; to realize the right approach to students according to their skills and abilities taking into account complicated age peculiarities; to provide high motivation in foreign language mastering; to overcome natural problems, so called –barriers‖ appearing in the process of language studying. For getting good knowledge of any language, either foreign or native, everybody should be acquainted with Psychology – the discipline that is closely connected with language teaching.
364-366
228
87
Tilshunoslikda konseptual semantikaning shakllanishiga doir ayrim mulohazalar
Kognitiv yondashuv nuqtai nazaridan konseptual semantika maxsus tizimdir. U shaxsning kognitiv tajribasini aks ettiradi. Shu bilan birga, hozirgi vaqtda ikkita asosiy yondashuv aniqlangan. Ulardan birinchisi V. Cheyfning lingvistik nazariyasi va J. Miller va F. Jonson-Lairdning prosessual semantikasidan kelib chiqadi va kognitiv lingvistikaning Amerika versiyasida ishlab chiqilmoqda. Ushbu yondashuvga ko‘ra, konseptual semantika bilan aniqlanadi, konseptuallashtirish natijasi lingvistik iboralarning ma’nosida aks etadi.
367-368
80
35
Туризм рекламаларида миллийлик хусусиятларнинг тадқиқи
Мазкур бўлимда тадқиқ этилаётган тилларнинг миллийлик жиҳатларини туризм рекламаларида акс эттирилиши жиҳатлари ўрганилди. Ҳар бир давлат– миллий ўзига хослик хусусиятларидан, тарихий реклама анъаналаридан, иқтисодий ва ижтимоий воқеликлардан келиб чиққан ҳолда ўзига хос реклама услубига эга.
369-370
135
51
Stylistic means of expressing respect in english and uzbek languages
This given publication work aims at revealing different stylistic means of expressing respect in English and analyse these means in the thesis. The aim of the thesis is to discuss the usage of stylistic means for showing respect
371-373
169
216
O‘zbek va ingliz tillarida yuklamalarning qiyosiy tadqiqi
Hozirgi o‘zbek tilidagi barcha so‘zlar leksik-semantik, morfologik va sintaktik tamoyiliga tayangan holda so‘z turkumlariga ajratilgan. So‘zlarning leksik-semantik, morfologik va sintaktik tamoyiliga ko‘ra guruhlarga ajratilishiga so‘z turkumlari deyiladi
374-376
177
67
She’riy tarjimada shakl va ohang masalalari
Tarjima odatda oddiy so‘zlar yig‘indisi sifatida ko‘rinishi mumkin. Biroq, uning zamirida kitobxon uchun, bir qarashda kishi anglashi qiyin bo‘lgan murakkab jarayon yotadi. Qolaversa, tarjima jarayonining o‘ziga xos jihatlari borki, bu tarjimondan ko‘proq mahorat va ma’suliyatni talab etadi.
377-378
137
32
The importance of discourse analysis in linguistics
Discourse has not yet received an unambiguous definition, due to the polysemy and ambiguity of the content. It is difficult to talk about proper terminological status of discourse and the name ‘discourse’, it remains a protermin and in order to turn it into a full-valued term, it is needed to include discourse in the system of connections of some research paradigm
379-380
89
40
Theoretical basics of comperative literature studies and contrastive linguistics using english phraseological combinations with the structure of literary knowledge
This article deals with the issue of usage of phraseological units with the structure of literary knowledge. Phraseology of each language makes a significant contribution to the formation of figurative pictures of the world. They are special language means in which the originality and uniqueness of any language is concentrated.
381-382
200
56
Peculiarities of ghazals and their translation
The ghazal is a poem consisting of from 5-12 rhyming couplets, called bayt or sher. For a poem to be considered a true ghazal, it must have no fewer than five couplets. Ghazal couplets end with the same rhyming pattern and are expected to have the same meter.
383-384
76
40
Навоий ғазаллари таржималари тарихи хусусида
Алишер Навоий асарлари дастлаб М. Горький асослаб берган 200 томлик “Жаҳон адабиёти тарихи” мажмуаси учун мўлжаллаб таржима қилина бошлаган бўлса, 1941 йилдан буюк бобомиз 500 йиллигига бағишлаб жадал таржима қилина бошлади. Лекин машъум Иккинчи Жаҳон уруши унинг асарларини тўла таржима қилишга ҳалал берди
385-386
359
114
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi nutq leksik birliklarining semantik va funksional xususiyatlarini qiyosiy tahlil qilish
Semantik xususiyat ko‘pincha til birliklarining onomasiologik va semantik birlashmasidir. Semantik xususiyat, odatda, nutqning turli qismlaridan so‘zlarni
birlashtiradi. Bu uning birinchi alomatidir. Biroq ushbu toifadagi so‘zlarning umumiy xususiyatga ega bo‘lishi kerak, bu ajralmas sema deb nomlanadi. Bu semantik
xususiyatning birinchi ajralmas birlikda ko‘rib chiqilgan ikkinchi xususiyatidir. Shunga asoslanib, ta’kidlash mumkinki, semantik xususiyat tilning tarkibiy kichik tizimi sifatida mavjud va uning birliklari qo‘shimcha qiymatlari kompleksi va bir maydonning boshqasiga nisbatan o‘rnini belgilaydigan qiymatlar tufayli mavjuddir. Har qanday tilning lug‘ati tarkiban bir butun bo‘lib, unda har bir so‘z o‘zining semantik tuzilishi va boshqa so‘zlar bilan aloqasi tufayli muayyan o‘rinni egallaydi.
birlashtiradi. Bu uning birinchi alomatidir. Biroq ushbu toifadagi so‘zlarning umumiy xususiyatga ega bo‘lishi kerak, bu ajralmas sema deb nomlanadi. Bu semantik
xususiyatning birinchi ajralmas birlikda ko‘rib chiqilgan ikkinchi xususiyatidir. Shunga asoslanib, ta’kidlash mumkinki, semantik xususiyat tilning tarkibiy kichik tizimi sifatida mavjud va uning birliklari qo‘shimcha qiymatlari kompleksi va bir maydonning boshqasiga nisbatan o‘rnini belgilaydigan qiymatlar tufayli mavjuddir. Har qanday tilning lug‘ati tarkiban bir butun bo‘lib, unda har bir so‘z o‘zining semantik tuzilishi va boshqa so‘zlar bilan aloqasi tufayli muayyan o‘rinni egallaydi.
387-389
115
61
Communicative and pragmatic aspects of literary translation
Literary translation is defined as sociolinguocultural activities to ensure a unified literary and artistic space, including interlingual, intercultural, artistic, and aesthetic
components. Essential characteristics of literary translation due to its interactive nature associated with the focus on ensure interactions in intercultural artistic communication.
Literary translation is devoid of a pronounced “dialogue” aspect, about which writes T.M. Dridze, characterizing the communicative system “text – interpreter” (Dridze 1996, p.
149). However, in this case one can speak of “quasi-dialogical” since the translator experiences textual activity both from the standpoint of the author and from reader positions. This is a conceptually oriented activity, because everyone the image of the original is comprehended in two aspects – in the context of autochthonous culture and in the context of the host culture (including the temporal aspect, those. context of the era of the original and translation).
components. Essential characteristics of literary translation due to its interactive nature associated with the focus on ensure interactions in intercultural artistic communication.
Literary translation is devoid of a pronounced “dialogue” aspect, about which writes T.M. Dridze, characterizing the communicative system “text – interpreter” (Dridze 1996, p.
149). However, in this case one can speak of “quasi-dialogical” since the translator experiences textual activity both from the standpoint of the author and from reader positions. This is a conceptually oriented activity, because everyone the image of the original is comprehended in two aspects – in the context of autochthonous culture and in the context of the host culture (including the temporal aspect, those. context of the era of the original and translation).
390-391
111
56
Standard norms of phraseological units
Phraseological combinations – expressing ideas in short but coloured meaningful way. Besides that, these are expressing the identity, way of life, material and spiritual values, history, culture and customs of the peoples of the world in their own language is incomparable. Phraseological units take attention in the context of the people’s use of language units, their general rules and language norms in their usage.
392-394
150
35
Category of diminutiveness in the english language
Traditionally, the term ‘diminutive’ conveys the idea of ‘smallness’. Diminutiveness conveys the meaning of small or little size, amount, quantity, power, value, importance, etc. which are often accompanied by different emotional nuances. The fundamental assumption which most scholars share, however, is that the prototypical function of the diminutive is to indicate smallness, but that it can convey a variety of pragmatic meanings that extend well beyond the notion of smallness.
395-397
277
95
Comparative analysis english and uzbek onomatopoetic words
The onomatopoeia is a stylistic resource widely used in literature. The best-known onomatopoeia come from the world of poems or novels in which appeared the sounds of nature, things or human beings written in large letters and exclamation marks. It also had a great presence in superhero caricatures or comic works. But it is not only used for the sounds of blows or those produced by the human being in an exclamatory way. Its field includes other sounds that are not produced by man as sounds of animals, objects or things.
398-400
124
35
Linguistic and cultural aspects of associative words in english and uzbek languages
One of the fundamental mechanisms of memory is association. They can be thought of as natural classifiers of the conceptual content of the language’s vocabulary. Ideas and concepts that are available to a man's memory are linked. This relationship is based on a man’s past experience and, in the end, more or less accurately reproduces an objectively existing relationship between real-world phenomena.
401-403
441
89
Ijtimoiy-siyosiy matnlarning paralingvistik janr xususiyatlari
Siyosiy tilshunoslikning hozirgi kontseptsiyasi va o‘rganishning markaziy predmeti siyosiy nutq bo‘lib, u yuqorida ta’kidlanganidek, ushbu tushuncha o‘rtasida aniq tafovut mavjud bo‘lmaganda, barcha ekstralingvistik (siyosiy, iqtisodiy, madaniy va boshqalar) paydo bo‘lishi va mavjudligi omillari ma’lum bir siyosiy matn sifatida tushuniladi.
404-406
198
272
Logistik terminlarning leksik xususiyatlari
Logistik terminlarning leksik xususiyatlari deganda ularning ya’ni terminlarning asl ma’nolarini tushuniladi. Shunday ekan, keltirilgan terminlar quyidagicha ma’nolarga ega:PU – pick up – yukni olish manzili Del – delivery – yukni yetkizish manzili Ingliz tilida ham o‘zbek tilida ham logistika sohasiga oid so‘zlar barchasi bir xil terminlardan foydalanib ish olib boriladi. O‘zbek logistikasidagi so‘zlar ingliz logistikasi bn bir xilligining asosiy sababi, ingliz logistik terminlarning ommalashib ketganligi desak bo‘ladi.
407-409
165
156
Lingua-stylistic and lingua-poetic analysis as the important aspects of translating literary text
Translation, most intuitively, is about conveying in another language what the translator considers to be the essential meaning of the text. But what constitutes this ‘essential meaning’ is not a simple matter. For many everyday functional texts, such as a set of instructions for setting up a piece of equipment or a weather report, this unproblematically is concerned with the purely referential meaning. Translate this referential meaning adequately, and the translated text performs the same function as the original text. For a good number of text types, however, meaning beyond the referential may be considered ‘essential’.
410-411
365
57
Ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga badiiy asar tarjima qilinganda estetikaning tutgan o‘rni
Dunyoda tillar ko‘p. Shular qatori shu tillarning so‘z boyligi ham bisyordir. Har bir xalq o‘z davrida so‘z mulkining sultonlariga ega bo‘lganlar. Xususan, o‘zbek xalqida buyuk ajdodimiz Alisher Navoiy, rus xalqida A.S. Pushkin, ingliz xalqida Shekspir, tatarlarda Abdula To‘qay va boshqalar. Bu buyuk insonlarning asarlarini o‘qir ekanmiz so‘zlarni naqadar o‘z o‘rnida ishlatganini hamda badiiy, jozibador, bo‘yoqdor so‘zlar topa olish san’atiga ega bo‘lganliklarini ko‘rib tan bermaslikning iloji yo‘q, albatta.
412-413
131
439
Ingliz tilidagi “th” harf birikmasini talaffuz qilishda yuzaga keladigan muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari
Dunyo hamjamiyatida XVII asrdan buyon o‘z mavqeyini yo‘qotmay kelayotgan ingliz tiliga borgan sari talab ortsa ortib borayaptiki aslo kamaygani yo‘q. O‘zekistonda ham ingliz tili juda rivojlanib bormoqda. Hattoki,maktablarimizda 1-sinfdanoq ingliz tili darslari o‘tila boshlandi. Bu albatta quvonarli hol, negaki bola qancha kichkinaligidan shu tilga mehr berib uni o‘rganishga bel bog‘lar ekan, katta yoshdagilarga nisbatan bu biroz bo‘lsada yengil kechadi. Zero, dono xalqimiz aytganidek, “Yoshlikda olingan bilim, toshga o‘yilgan naqshdir.”
414-415
87
28
Шекспир сонетларининг рус тилига таржималарида адекватлик масаласи
Буюк инглиз драматурги ва шоири Вильям Шекспир асарлари таржимасига кўплаб таржимонлар мурожаат қилган. Айниқса унинг сонетларига кўп аҳамият берилган. Шекспирнинг энг кўп таржима қилинган сонети 66-сонет
бўлиб, у рус тилига бир неча бор А. Соколовский, Н. Гербель, Ф. Червинский, М. Чайковский, Б. Пастернак, О. Румер, С. Маршак томонидан ўгирилган.
бўлиб, у рус тилига бир неча бор А. Соколовский, Н. Гербель, Ф. Червинский, М. Чайковский, Б. Пастернак, О. Румер, С. Маршак томонидан ўгирилган.
416-419
124
49
Применение игровых методов как основа формирования положительной мотивации студентов неязыкового вуза
Среди основных проблем мировой психологии особое место занимает мотивация. Ей посвящены фундаментальные труды таких отечественных и зарубежных авторов, как В.Г. Асеев, Б.Г. Ананьев, Р. Аткинсон, Е.П. Ильин, К. Лёвин, Л.И. Божович, А.Н. Леонтьев, А.Б. Орлов, А. Маслоу, С.Л. Рубинштейн, П.М. Якобсон, В.И. Чирков и др. В целом, мотивацией, являющейся источником человеческой активности, называют определяющие, стимулирующие и побуждающие к действию сихологические силы.
420-422
90
45
Flipped classroom approach to current education
Just as digital technology has made it easier to succeed in all areas, this innovation has not bypassed education as well. Teachers who are less qualified in teaching can change the instructions in the classroom or choose one of the common
tasks through a simple video they have made. Highly qualified teachers in the field will learn more about software and technology to further enhance and strengthen their classroom teaching experience.
tasks through a simple video they have made. Highly qualified teachers in the field will learn more about software and technology to further enhance and strengthen their classroom teaching experience.
423-424
97
42
Xitoy tili ta’limida tandem tarjima metodidan foydalanish
Tilni kommunikativ yondashuv asosida o‘rgatish davrida, tarjima ta’limning ajralmas qismi sifatida e‘tirof etiladi. Shuning uchun pedagogik amaliyotda tarjimanining turli samarali usullaridan foydalanishni taqozo etmoqda. Bu usullardan biri, o‘rganilayotgan tilning til sohiblari bilan bevosita muloqotda o‘rganishni nazarda tutuvchi tandem tarjima metodidir.
425-426
78
37
К вопросу об индивидуализации на занятиях иностранного языка
Владение иностранным языком в современном обществе является одним из показателей развитости личности, ее потенциала и возможной успешности, так как коммуникация на иностранном языке зачастую является необходимостью в условиях современной действительности. Английский язык, будучи одним из признанных языков интернационального общения,
представляет собой инструмент необходимым для межнационального и межличностного взаимодействия, сотрудничества в разных сферах жизни [Пуляевская, 2015, С. 237].
представляет собой инструмент необходимым для межнационального и межличностного взаимодействия, сотрудничества в разных сферах жизни [Пуляевская, 2015, С. 237].
427-429
108
88
O‘zbek tilini xorijiy til sifatida online usulida o‘qitish: aqsh indiana universiteti misolida
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi mustaqillikka erishgach, o‘zbek tiliga, uning tarixi, madaniyati, qadimgi yodgorliklarini o‘rganishga qiziquvchi xorijliklarning soni oshdi va oxirgi yillarda yanada oshib bormoqda. AQSh mutaxassis va talabalari O‘zbekistonni O‘rta Osiyoning tarixiy markazi sifatida biladilar.
430-434
118
54
Значение сопоставительной методики в изучении русского языка в непрерывном образовании
В 2021 году независимому Узбекистану исполнилось 30 лет. За эти годы кардинально изменился и сам Узбекистан, произошли глубокие изменения и в окружающем Узбекистане мире – технологические, экономические, политические, изменились балансы сил и геоэкономические расклады.
435-438
128
93
Культура профессионального общения гида-переводчика
Важной компетенцией переводчика, обусловленной квалификационными требованиями, предъявляемыми к представителям этой профессии, является культура голоса, поскольку переводчик приравнивается к оратору, мастеру красноречия. Голос является основным средством устного речевого общения, которое позволяет устанавливать и поддерживать контакт с аудиторией, располагать слушателей к себе, а значит, оптимизировать взаимодействие и взаимопонимание, особенно в контексте межкультурной коммуникации.
439-441
147
33
Tasks of development of spiritual competence of students learning languages
While the place of our independent Republic in the world community is developing more and more, and external relations between states and foreign countries are being strengthened, one of the most urgent tasks of modern times is
the development of the spiritual competence of young people who are the creators of the future of our country
the development of the spiritual competence of young people who are the creators of the future of our country
442-444
70
24
Развитие творческих способностей учащихся по интерактивным методам и технологиям обучения
В последние годы в преподавании иностранных языков в нашей стране произошло много изменений. Основная цель – повышение качества преподавания иностранных языков, формирование и развитие культуры общения студентов, демонстрация эффективного использования технологий для совершенствования практического обучения иностранным языкам.
445-446
88
39
Effective english language teaching techniques
Question formation is a basic part of teaching and learning English. However, we often focus on the ability to form the question properly and not as much on the quality of the information the question is seeking. Whether teaching English language learners or students who want to be English teachers, teachers need to carefully consider the intent of questions.
447-448
301
122
Student’s behaviour in the everyday classroom
There is a disconnect today between what goes on in much of psychology and what goes on in our classrooms. Cognitive approaches dominate the psychology field and have for decades. But by and large our classrooms still mirror the influence of behaviorism in psychology. There are times and places where behaviorism has proven successful. For example, individuals have been helped through desensitization to deal with and overcome debilitating fears. But there are many times and situations when behavioral approaches do not work.
449-450
86
26
Methods for improving the rate of speech
This thesis is devoted to methods for improving the rate of speech for future translators. The translator’s fast speech rate (FSR) and strong accent (SRA) are very important on simultaneous interpretation (SI). The issue addressed on this study is outcomes of speaker’s rapid speech fee and sturdy accent. Thus, the research will highlight methods for increasing the rate of speech and its effects.
451-452
142
35
Learning foreign languages is a modern necessity
Introduction: Learning foreign languages has always been essential for human. It is known that Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Alisher Navoi and other great ancestors were also fluent in several languages. It helped them to exchange experiences, improve their knowledge and skills with the leading scientists of their time, and enriched their creativity and scientific heritage. That is why majority of people still have an interest to the boundless heritage of our great ancestors. Globalization and the integration of nations are the cause of increasing the need to learn foreign languages.
453-454
114
35
Problems of old traditional methods of teaching and implementing modern supplements in education
Since recent years, education has become top priority of each country’s system and as a result some but more essential changes are demanded to improve it’s current condition. These changes are closely connected with the new teaching methods
455-457
142
116
Importance of training programs for simultaneous interpreters
Training program is a set of variety of practical tasks in the interpretation process. The article deals with the importance of Training program for Simultaneous interpreters in the first stages of of simultaneous interpreters, and identify the main principles as well as importance of training simultaneous interpreters and effects of training process.
458-460
93
57
Педагогическая риторика
Риторика (греч. rhetorike «ораторское искусство»), научная дисциплина, изучающая закономерности порождения, передачи и восприятия хорошей речи и качественного текста. В момент своего возникновения в древности риторика понималась только в прямом значении термина – как искусство оратора, искусство устного публичного выступления. Широкое осмысление предмета риторики является достоянием более позднего времени. Потребность в искусном владении словом есть всегда, но насущной необходимостью она становится именно в переломные моменты истории, в эпоху сознательно развиваемой демократии
461-463
163
117
Oʻquvchilarning iqtidorini roʻyobga chiqarishda ta’lim yoʻnalishidagi muammolar va ularning yechimlari
Mamlakatimizda barkamol avlodni shakllantirishda yoshlarni ma’naviy-axloqiy va jismonan sogʻlom etib tarbiyalash hamda ularni olib borilayotgan islohotlarning faol ishtirokchisiga aylantirishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar izchil amalga oshirilmoqda.
464-466
263
256
Turizm sohasiga oid terminlarni tarjima qilishning nazariy muammolari
Dunyoda turizm yoʻnalishida roʻy berayotgan jarayonlarning globallashuvi va integratsiyasi mamlakatimizning turizm sohasini sifat jihatdan yangi bosqichga koʻtarishga turtki boʻldi
467-470
213
51
Theoretical and practical problems in contemporary translation studies exploring the teaching practice of overview of Uzbekistan
After Uzbekistan’s education policy has been adjusted and
confirmed, the diplomatic relations between China and Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan and China have reached friendly cooperation agreements in many fields. The cultivation
and exertion of Chinese high-skilled, application-oriented professionals has become the basis for the implementation of the development strategy of Uzbekistan.
confirmed, the diplomatic relations between China and Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan and China have reached friendly cooperation agreements in many fields. The cultivation
and exertion of Chinese high-skilled, application-oriented professionals has become the basis for the implementation of the development strategy of Uzbekistan.
471-474
86
44
Хорижий тилларни ўқитишда прагматик таълимни ўрни
Мазкур мақолада хорижий тилларни ўрганишда
прагматикани ўқитишдан мақсад ва иккинчи тил сифатида ва чет тилларини ўрганиш ва ўқитишда нутқий актлари, суҳбат тузилиши, суҳбат импликацияси, суҳбатни бошқариш, нутқни ташкил қилиш ва дискурс шаклларини танлаш каби тилдан фойдаланишнинг социолингвистик жиҳатлари ҳамда бу борада ғарб олимларнинг фикрлари тўғрисида сўз боради.
прагматикани ўқитишдан мақсад ва иккинчи тил сифатида ва чет тилларини ўрганиш ва ўқитишда нутқий актлари, суҳбат тузилиши, суҳбат импликацияси, суҳбатни бошқариш, нутқни ташкил қилиш ва дискурс шаклларини танлаш каби тилдан фойдаланишнинг социолингвистик жиҳатлари ҳамда бу борада ғарб олимларнинг фикрлари тўғрисида сўз боради.
475-478
82
45
Компрессия оғзаки таржиманинг асосий технологияларидан бири сифатида
Фикрлаш соҳаси инсон фаолиятида иқтисодиёт принципи сифатида намоён бўладиган соҳалардандир. Шу сабабли, инсон фаолиятнинг барча соҳаларида, шу жумладан инсон нутқида ҳам кам харажатларга интилиши табиий кўринади. Тилда тежамкорлик принципи универсалдир, чунки у тил тизимининг барча даражаларида ўз ифодасини топади.
479-480
101
119
The sport terminology in english and uzbek languages
Terminological units come to a language in different ways. The first one is the recognition of a usual word a term. This is not the best method because of reinterpretation and metonymy (“bosh”, “yelka”). The form, pronunciation, declination and stress of the term may be changed to differentiate such lexemes.
481-482
299
104
Comparative characteristics of archaisms and historicisms
The concept of “outdated vocabulary”, despite its traditional character in linguistics, is debatable. In particular, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the relationship between the terms “archaism” and “historicism”. Some linguists classify all units of obsolete vocabulary as archaisms. Other researchers distinguish between two types of archaisms: 1) words denoting obsolete objects and concepts; 2) words that exist in parallel with other, active vocabulary units denoting the same objects and concepts.
483-484
173
50
Characteristics of repetitions in english and uzbek
In speech, there are numerous types of repetitions of different parts of speech, namely verbs and names, expressing a wide variety of grammatical and modal meanings.
485-486
121
39
Features of translating units of emotive vocabulary from english into uzbek (based on the tv series “the crown”)
In emotiology, it is customary to distinguish between language units that objectify emotions through:
designations or naming – all lexemes that name emotional concepts, meaning their emotive potential (slang, affectives, words with expressive coloring or having emotional connotation); expressions in speech – lexemes and phraseological units that describe various accompanying sensations and manifestations of emotions. In this article, we will consider the use of lexical units of these groups in speech using the example of dialogues from the TV series “Crown”. It should be noted that the emotive component of the statement is not a single language unit (word), which causes certain difficulties with the classification of some examples
designations or naming – all lexemes that name emotional concepts, meaning their emotive potential (slang, affectives, words with expressive coloring or having emotional connotation); expressions in speech – lexemes and phraseological units that describe various accompanying sensations and manifestations of emotions. In this article, we will consider the use of lexical units of these groups in speech using the example of dialogues from the TV series “Crown”. It should be noted that the emotive component of the statement is not a single language unit (word), which causes certain difficulties with the classification of some examples
487-488
287
90
Formation of sport terms in the english and uzbek languages
The analysis of the Uzbek language borrowed layer showed that the dictionary contains lexical units of sport borrowed from Arabic, Persian, Russian and other languages.
489-491
81
39
Иккиламчи интерпретацияда метафтонимиянинг ўрни
Тилшуносликнинг антропоцентрик парадигмасида тил ва тафаккур муносабатидаги муаммоларга бағишланган илмий тадқиқотларнинг салмоғи ошиб бормоқда. Жумладан, когнитив тилшунослик йўналишида олиб борилаётган тадқиқотларда структур тилшуносликда стилистик услуб сифатида ўрганилган метафора ҳамда метонимия концептуал мақомга эга бўлиши уларнинг тадқиқот майдонини янада кенгайишига олиб келди.
492-494
186
63
Anticipation in simultaneous interpreting
Over the past few decades, interpreting services have become a main section of international communication. Although there is a high request for interpreting, being able to interpret at a professional level is far from being easy. There is much discussion on the qualities an interpreter should obtain to perform to the best of their capasitie – arguably, one of the most important is that of anticipation in simultaneous interpreting. Perhaps surprisingly, simultaneous interpreters do not always interpret a phrase directly after the speaker, for respecting this natural order can turn out to be impossible thanks to the grammatical structures of sentences in different languages. Due to this difficulty, interpreters sometimes have no other choice but to anticipate what the speaker is going to say, and convey that before the speaker does. While first reactions to anticipation may be skeptical – can an interpreter really predict what a speaker will say – it is actually a quite refined and quite necessary skill in
order for interpreters to faithfully convey speech while maintaining the natural flow of communication.
order for interpreters to faithfully convey speech while maintaining the natural flow of communication.
495-497
111
63
The problem of interpreter’s mistake while simultaneous interpreting of political leader’s speech
Translation and interpretation have been in the world for an ancient centuries as an creative activity among the people and culture. It has been a social need ever since man has been in existence. Process of translation is identically similar to the
process of communication.
process of communication.
498-500
130
36
Using chunking as the common technique in simultaneous interpretation
It is not surprising if English becomes the foremost ordinarily auditory communication within the world. In Uzbekistan, English is taken into account as a second language and a obligatory subject that is tutored in an exceedingly giant scale from primary up to college level of education. With the rise and enlargement of English in Uzbekistan, each academics and students ought to use English as a method of communication at a definite level of proficiency in four skills: listening, speaking, simultaneous and writing.
501-502
109
66
The main role of oral translation in modern society
What is the role of translators in modern society? The modern world is very various. Every country, every nation and its culture differ from one another; they possess the specific features which are interesting to other people. Nowadays the
world at the present stage is very dynamic. These days great value is paid to interaction original between must the paid countries: convey economic, interpreter political Tarjimaning and rights cultural
world at the present stage is very dynamic. These days great value is paid to interaction original between must the paid countries: convey economic, interpreter political Tarjimaning and rights cultural
503-504
127
35
Ingliz tilidan o’zbek tiliga badiiy asar tarjima qilinganda estetikaning tutgan o’rni
Dunyoda tillar ko’p. Shular qatori shu tillarning so’z boyligi ham bisyordir. Har bir xalq o’z davrida so’z mulkining sultonlariga ega bo’lganlar. Xususan, o’zbek xalqida buyuk ajdodimiz Alisher Navoiy, rus xalqida A.S Pushkin, ingliz xalqida Shekspir, tatarlarda Abdula To’qay va boshqalar. Bu buyuk insonlarning asarlarini o’qir ekanmiz so’zlarni naqadar o’z o’rnida ishlatganini hamda badiiy, jozibador, bo’yoqdor so’zlar topa olish san’atiga ega bo’lganliklarini ko’rib tan bermaslikning iloji yo’q albatta.
505-507
416
135
Usage of lexical and grammatical transformations in translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. [2]
508-510
85
33
Ўзбек таржимашунослиги: анъаналар; муаммолар, ечим ва истиқболли йўналишлар
Мен ушбу мақола баҳонасида кафедрамиз кутубхонасида тўпланиб қайд қилинган 2000 дан ортиқ амалий таржималарга бир қур назар ташлаб чиқдим.Немис тилидан ўзбек тилига ва ўзбек тилидан немис тилига қилинган таржималар мисолида шу соҳада юзага келаётгаг муаммолар ва уларнинг ечимига оид айрим мулоҳазалар туғилдики, уларни сиз муҳтарам ҳамкасбларнинг эътиборингизга ҳавола қилмоқчиман.
511-513
102
59
Omission as a strategy in simultaneous interpreting
Oral translations can be simultaneous and consecutive. Consecutive translation is carried out in pauses between segments of the speaker's speech, equal to approximately 5 sentences. It looks something like this: the speaker makes a remark and pauses, allowing the interpreter to process the information and translate it. Consecutive interpreting is usually used at small events where it is relatively painless to double the speaking time, for example, at business meetings and one-on-one negotiations or at protocol events. The main advantage of this type of translation is that the translator very accurately conveys the content of the conversation.
514-517
116
67
Types of decompression in simultaneous interpretation
Simultaneous decoding (SI) is believed to be one of the most severe and arduous activities. With its unheard of intellectual and psychological press on an interpreter, SI stays the pinnacle fantastic way to interpret in phrases of time, correctness and quantity of information to be transferred. It has been proved that, at least, two elements make SI possible: the one is the likelihood prediction mechanism underlying simultaneous interpreting; the different one is the mechanism of compression utilized by using a skillful simultaneous interpreter (Chernov, 1978, 1987, 2004; Shirayev, 1979).
518-520
89
47
Nterpretation of the concept "money" in cognitive linguistics
The analysis of works on the structure of the concept allows us to conclude that researchers from different scientific schools single out some similar basic components in its composition: image, concept and additional features (value component (V. I. Karasik), significance component (S. G. Vorkachev), cognitive and pragmatic implicational (M. V. Nikitin), interpretive field (Z. D. Popova, I. A. Sternin), etc.).
250-251
91
54
Types of anticipation in the process of interpretation
The given publication work aims at revealing the notion of anticipation, its features and its types in the process of interpretation. According to some scholars Anticipation, no matter whether as a strategy or a phenomenon, plays a crucial role in field simultaneous interpretation and has drawn considerable attention of scholars. However, the study on anticipation is far from being systematic and thorough, and agreements are hard to achieve on some issues related to anticipation among different scholars.
