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PREVENTABILITY OF DENTAL DISEASES
Hamdamova Lola Zarifovna
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sino
hamdamovalola
@gmail.com
Relevance of the topic
. Numerous studies prove that the dental status of the Russian
population has a steady tendency to deteriorate (Kuzmina E.M., 2001; V.I. Starodubov,
K.G. Dzugaev, A.A. Kalininskaya, 2006; D.G. Meshcheryakov, 2006; V.G. Butova, 2008).
Already at the age of fifteen, 91.9% of schoolchildren suffer from caries (E.G.
Semenchenko, 2006). Every year in Russia there are cases of death due to diseases of the
teeth and oral cavity (S.T. Sokhov, S.M. Airapetyan, T.P. Sabgaida, 2009).
Analysis of the practical activities of dentists shows that they are mainly engaged in
purely medical work (I.V. Gunenkova, G.B. Ospanova, 2001). However, it is known that
the primary focus on medical work cannot lead to a decrease in dental morbidity among
the population (V.K. Leontyev, 1998; N.M. Kunitsyna and D.G. Meshcheryakov, 2005;
B.V. Trifonov, 2009). The development of modern dental treatment technologies also does
not lead to a decrease in the incidence of caries among the population (D.Ts. Sandakova,
2004). For this, it is necessary to develop a preventive direction in dentistry (V.N. Sorokin,
2006; D.G. Meshcheryakov, 2006).
Research has established that adequate economic, organizational and managerial
decisions aimed at developing preventive work in the dental service help reduce costs in
providing medical and preventive care to the population (E.M. Kuzmina, 2001; G.P.
Silantyeva, 2006).
The World Health Organization is confident that by 2010 in Europe, with the help
of mass preventive measures, it will be possible to reduce the incidence of dental caries to
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80% of absolutely healthy 6-year-old children, and those who have reached 18 years of
age will not have teeth removed due to caries (Mathers C.D., Loncar D., 2005).
The importance of the problem of preventing dental diseases has been increasingly
studied in recent years by domestic authors, who emphasize the predominantly declarative
nature of awareness of this problem (JI.M. Dubinina, 2008; I.N. Kustov, 2008; V.T.
Shestakov, 2008). Episodic and unsystematic use of methods for preventing dental diseases
discredits this method, since with such an approach to its use it is impossible to achieve a
stable preventive effect (B.J. Drescher, 2003).
The current shortage of dental professionals in most regions of Russia ultimately
leads to poor organization of treatment and, especially, preventive work (I.N. Prokudin,
2007). It has been noted that over the past 15 years, the country has virtually lost specialists
capable of creating federal preventive programs (V.T. Shestakov, O.O. Yanushevich, V.K.
Leontyev, 2008). The effectiveness of preventive programs at the population level is
determined not only by the work of medical institutions, but also by the health-preserving
behavior of the population itself. First of all, it is necessary to have an interest in preventive
measures by the population, and to undergo dental examinations on a timely and regular
basis (Zh.G. Muravyannikova, 2007). Unfortunately, the behavioral characteristics of the
population are more inert than the organization of the health care system. At the same time,
it is quite easy to increase the level of knowledge about proper oral hygiene and measures
to prevent the development of dental diseases in the population. This task is very urgent
today, because a number of researchers have shown an insufficient level of knowledge and
skills in oral hygiene, especially in children and adolescents (Kuzmina E.M., 2001; N.M.
Kunitsina, 2003; L.Yu. Orekhova et al., 2005; G.P. Silantyeva et al., 2006).
If the behavior of the population changes in the direction of maintaining dental
health and actively using disease prevention measures, then the scale and structure of the
required dental care will change. Since maintaining the health of the population has finally
been recognized as a priority state task, then we should expect an increase in the social
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value of health and be prepared for a change in the population's demand for certain types
of dental care.
The purpose of the study was to assess the preventability of dental diseases by
increasing the population's commitment to preventive measures. Objectives of the study:
1. To assess the population's commitment to preventive measures for dental diseases
and to identify age, gender and social risk groups.
2. To study the opinion of experts (dentists) on the effectiveness of various
preventive measures to improve dental health and their dissemination among the
population.
3. To study the nature of the population's appeals for dental diseases.
4. To provide a forecast of dental morbidity in the context of a new model of
preventive behavior of the population.
5. To determine the reserves of preventability of dental diseases, including tooth
loss, in the context of increased preventive work.
Subjects of the study (studied phenomena)
Adherence of the population (patients of a dental clinic and patients of a general
clinic) to preventive measures for dental diseases, reasons for the population seeking dental
care, the presence of concomitant chronic diseases and the frequency of pathological
changes in the dentoalveolar system in patients of different age and gender
groups.Perception of experts (dentists) of the importance of prevention in improving dental
health, the effectiveness of individual measures to prevent dental diseases and the
possibility of increasing the population's commitment to these
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time:
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- a comprehensive analysis of the opinions of various groups of patients (depending
on gender, age, education, employment, self-assessment of income level and reason for
visiting a clinic) on the effectiveness of primary prevention measures for dental diseases,
their commitment to these measures and the availability of modern methods of prevention
was given;
- based on a sociological study, expert assessments were obtained of the prevalence
of sanitary and hygienic measures for dental care among the population and the
effectiveness of measures to involve the population in prevention;
- based on mathematical modeling, a forecast was given for the reduction of dental
morbidity in the working-age population with increased preventive work; reserves for the
preventability of dental diseases (reduction of dental health losses) were determined in the
context of a new model of preventive behavior of the population.
Practical significance of the work: A group of patients was identified - young people
aged 16-25, mainly men, with a low level of education, requiring active work to increase
their involvement in prevention. Effective preventive measures have been identified, the
implementation of which requires the combined efforts of specialists from dental and other
medical (antenatal clinic) and educational institutions (preschool institutions and primary
school). Expert assessments of the preventability of dental diseases by preventive measures
have been obtained, based on which a forecast for the reduction of dental morbidity has
been given and reserves for reducing losses in dental health have been identified in the
context of a new model of preventive behavior of the population.
The main provisions submitted for defense: 1. Low commitment of the population
to measures for the prevention of dental diseases determines the need to develop a set of
measures to improve the organizational forms of preventive work.
2. The adequacy of the population's attitude to maintaining dental health is
determined by the social well-being of society and
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