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"ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED EYE INJURIES IN LIVING INDIVIDUALS:
FORENSIC MEDICAL PRACTICE IN UZBEKISTAN"
N.Kh.Ganieva
A.K.Nuridinov
Hyunjeong Kang. Hyunji Kang.
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan.
Annotation:
Isolated injuries of the visual organ are one of the complex forms of
damage that require accurate forensic medical assessment. In Uzbekistan, this area is of
particular importance in the context of the development of national legislation and reform
of the health care system. The article examines the legal and methodological aspects of
forensic medical examination of eye injuries, analyzes regional forensic medical practice,
and suggests ways to improve the quality of expert opinions.
Keywords:
organ of vision, eye injury, forensic medical examination, severity of
harm to health.
Introduction.
Isolated injuries to the eye and its accessory apparatus are common
in domestic, industrial and criminal injuries. The specifics of diagnostics, legal
qualification and expert assessment of such injuries necessitate a comprehensive
interdisciplinary approach. In Uzbekistan, forensic medical practice needs to adapt
international standards to the national healthcare and law enforcement system.
Purpose of the study.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of
forensic medical examination of isolated injuries of the visual organ in living individuals
in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account current regulatory
documents, regional expert practice and international standards, as well as identifying key
problems and proposals for improving the quality of expert opinions.
Materials and research methods.
94 cases of forensic medical examination of
isolated injuries to the visual organ, conducted in forensic medical bureaus of Tashkent,
Samarkand and Andijan regions for the period from 2021 to 2024, were analyzed. Clinical
reports of ophthalmologists, expert reports and regulatory documents of the Ministry of
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Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan were used.
Table 1
Distribution of types of isolated injuries to the visual organ and their classification
according to the severity of harm to health (n = 94)
Type
of
injury
Number of
cases (n)
% of total
Qualificatio
n of damage to
health
Eyeball
contusion
34
36.2%
Mostly minor
harm
Damage to
the eyelids and
conjunctiva
19
20.2%
Minor harm
Penetrating
corneal injury
20
21.3%
Moderate
severity, in some
cases severe
Hyphema
(hemorrhage into
the
anterior
chamber)
14
14.9%
Moderate
severity
Retinal
detachment, tears
7
7.4%
Predominantl
y serious harm
Total
94
100%
—
Table 2
Comparison of clinical and forensic assessment
severity of visual impairment (n = 94)
Severity
(clinical)
Cases
(n)
The
forensic
medical
SME
underestimat
ed*
SME
overestimated
**
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examination
confirmed
Light
52
46
(88.5%)
-
6
(11.5%)
Moderat
e severity
30
24
(80.0%)
4
(13.3%)
2 (6.7%)
Heavy
12
9
(75.0%)
3
(25.0%)
-
Total
94
79
(84.0%)
7
(7.4%)
8
(8.6%)
Note:
* By "Forensic medical examination underestimated" we mean cases where the expert
assessment determined a lesser degree of severity than in the clinical diagnosis (for
example, persistent visual impairment was underestimated).** By "Forensic medical
examination overestimated" we mean cases where the expert assessment turned out to be
stricter than the clinical conclusion (for example, due to incorrect interpretation of
temporary loss of function as persistent).
Research results and discussion.
The most common injuries were: eyeball
contusions (36%), penetrating corneal wounds (21%), hemorrhages into the anterior
chamber (hyphema) (15%), retinal detachment and ruptures (8%), and eyelid injuries
(20%). In 64% of cases, the harm to health was classified as minor, in 28% - moderate, and
in 8% - severe. Problems arose due to insufficient recording of residual effects, lack of
dynamic observation, and discrepancies between the clinical assessment and the forensic
medical opinion.
In the conditions of Uzbekistan, forensic medical examination of the visual organ
requires: unification of criteria for assessing the reduction of visual acuity; interaction of
experts with specialized ophthalmologists; consideration of the specifics of the
employment of victims (for example, in persons whose profession is related to precise
vision); implementation of international classifications (for example, ICD-11) and
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adaptation of foreign methods. In addition, it is necessary to train specialists in forensic
ophthalmology and regularly update regulatory documents governing the assessment of
bodily injuries.
Conclusions.
Forensic medical examination of isolated eye injuries in Uzbekistan
requires a systematic approach, including improvement of the regulatory framework,
development of human resources and introduction of modern diagnostic standards. This
will increase the objectivity of health damage assessment and avoid expert errors.
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