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PATTERNS OF ACCUMULATION OF MODERN CONTINENTAL HALOGEN
PRECIPITATION
1
Sh.F. Sharipov
2
B.A. Mirzaev
3
A.V. Kurbonov
PhD, Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Doctoral student of Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan
Intern researcher of Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13892756
Having considered the geochemical cycles of the salt components of continental
halogenation at the stages of their mobilization, migration and accumulation within the Aral
catchment basin and the drainless regions of the continents of the Earth, we will focus below
on the characteristics of the main patterns of modern evaporite sedimentation in continental
conditions. Note that it is necessary to combine a number of specific conditions (natural
factors) of salt accumulation.
Salt accumulation factors
It is well known that the main factors influencing the intensity of continental salt
accumulation are aridity and water content (availability of water-salt inflow from humid
zones).
Aridity is the most important condition for the concentration of salts on the Earth's
surface and their accumulation. At the same time, the available information on the
distribution areas of modern evaporites on the continents of the Earth has shown that
continental halogenation occurs not only within the arid regions identified by N.M.Strakhov
(1962), but also manifests itself in areas with humid (subnival and semigumid) and even icy
(Arctic and Antarctic) climates.
The fact that the accumulation of modern salts is also present outside the regions with
arid lithogenesis was known earlier, but no one conducted a general analysis of the features of
the occurrence of continental salts in various natural conditions. Such areas can only be those
where there is a shortage of the amount of annual precipitation, and, due to the unevenness of
their precipitation throughout the year, there are periods during which much more moisture
evaporates from the earth's surface than falls on it. This creates favorable conditions for the
concentration of salts in water and their deposition during the dry season in such areas of the
earth with a humid and icy climate.
The figure shows a diagram of the types of modern lithogenesis according to
N.M.Strakhov (1962), supplemented by the author in terms of allocating areas with an annual
moisture deficit ranging from 0 to 1600 mm. These areas, although located in areas of humid
lithogenesis, are potential accumulators of modern continental evaporites. The largest of
these areas is located within the North American continent, and a slightly smaller one is in
Eastern America. Vast areas with a shortage of moisture are also found in the south of the
Indian Subcontinent, in the middle and upper reaches of the Lena River in the USSR, in South
America – along the eastern foothills of the South American Cordillera and in the northeastern
part of the Brazilian formation. Among these areas, the regions of the states of Alberta,
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Saskatchewan, Decato (in Canada and the USA) differ in the maximum concentrations of salts,
and on the African continent – the territory located along the East African rift zone. Salt
accumulations within the Lena-Baikal region occupy a slightly smaller area. As can be seen
from the same drawing on the distribution boundaries areas with a negative amount of
moisture penetrate into all climatic zones of the Earth, up to the Arctic and Antarctic.
Fig. 1. The layout of the sites of modern salt accumulation in the territory with a
moisture deficit outside the arid regions (types of lithogenesis according to N.M.Strakhov,
1961; additions by the author)
I - areas of humid lithogenesis; a - catchment area of basins, b - subdomains with
moisture deficiency (0-1600 mm), in the final reservoirs of runoff; areas of arid lithogenesis: I
- North American, II-African-Asian, II-South American, IV - South African, V - Australian; 3-
areas of eafusive-sedimentary lithogenesis; 4 - areas of ice lithogenesis; 5 - volcanoes and
volcanic areas; 6 - single eruptions; 7 - mountain ranges; 8 - areas of the greatest salt
accumulation within the humid zones (I - Saskatchewan-Dakota – mirabilita 2 - East African -
Thrones, 8 - Baikal -Lensky - mirabilita).
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It should be said that within the cold climatic zones of the Earth, salt precipitation
occurs not so much due to evaporation of salt solutions as due to freezing (cryogenesis). An
example of this is the modern accumulations of salts of Yakutia, Transbaikalia, etc. – on
permafrost areas.
References:
1.
Rubanov I.V. Modern continental halogenesis of the sulfate type (on the example of the
Aral Sea drainage basin). Tashkent, 1990.
2.
Rubanov I.V. et al. Chlorine-magnesium solutions (bischofite) Lake Baikal Kyzylkum is a
medicinal mineral. Uzbek Geological Journal No. 5, 1991.
3.
Rubanov I.V. et al. The research report for 1997-1999 on the topic: Lithological and
mineralogical foundations of technology for the assessment, processing of bentonite,
halite,bischofite, alunite, mummie in deposits of Uzbekistan for their practical use. IGiG AN
RUz, 1999.
