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IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM
1
Z.R. Askarova,
1
Tagaibaeva Asem Kairat kizi
1
Chirchik State Pedagogical University (CSPU),
Abstract: Fungi of the genus Fusarium are an important group of
microscopic fungi that play a significant role as plant pathogens and sources of
toxins hazardous to human and animal health. These fungi are widespread in soil
and plant debris, causing diseases of various agricultural crops, such as fusarium,
and causing food spoilage. Some Fusarium species can produce dangerous
mycotoxins such as fumonisins and trichothecenes, making them important targets
for study in the field of food safety.
Some Fusarium species can produce dangerous mycotoxins such as
fumonisins and trichothecenes, making them important targets for study in the field
of food safety.
Identification of Fusarium fungi is of key importance for plant disease
diagnosis and food and feed contamination monitoring.
Key words: Fusarium, identification, fungi, mycotoxins, fusarium,
phytopathogen, morphological method, molecular methods, PCR, DNA
sequencing, microscopy, plant pathogens, food safety, fusarium diseases,
fumonisins.
Introduction:
In 1809, the German scientist H.F. Link first united many
different species of fungi into the genus
Fusarium.
At the first stages, the
classification of this genus was carried out only on the basis of superficial
observations, while the cultural characteristics of the studied samples were
practically not taken into account. Based only on such observations, more than
1,000 species, varieties and forms of
Fusarium
were classified. Most species of the
Yangi O'zbekiston taraqqiyotida tadqiqotlarni o'rni va rivojlanish omillari
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genus
Fusarium
are primarily plant pathogens that cause wilt, developing in the
vascular system of plants; damage to the ear, fruit and seeds; rot of vegetative and
generative parts of plants; root rot.
Fusariums
damage various important
agricultural crops: cereals (especially wheat, barley, corn), fruits, vegetables,
ornamental crops and others [2].
Fungi of the genus
Fusarium
can remain in the soil for a long time, feed on
organic matter in the soil and plant residues, and after a certain period penetrate
healthy plants. In addition, they have the ability to infect plants belonging to
different families, but growing in the same conditions [3].
Fungi of the genus
Fusarium
in the conditions of the Tashkent region affect
annual, biennial, perennial, herbaceous, woody, cultivated and wild plants, a total
of 70 species belonging to 20 families. Pathogenic species of the genus
Fusarium
affect the above-ground and underground parts of plants, and lead to rotting of
stems, wilting of leaves, rotting of seeds, root crops, tubers, fruits [3].
Diseases of agricultural plants caused by fungi cause significant damage to
crops and lead to economic losses. For the timely application of plant protection
products against diseases and control of grain contamination by phytopathogenic
fungi at different stages of its production and processing, their detection and
accurate identification are necessary [4].
Fungi of the genus
Fusarium
are capable of infecting plants and producing
mycotoxins in a wide range of temperatures. One of the leading factors in the
development of the disease is excess humidity of more than 71%, especially during
the flowering period. The negative impact of fusarium on plants is expressed in the
suppression of photosynthesis, immunity, enzymes, which leads to the death of the
plant. [5].
Research methods:
The danger posed by fungi of the genus
Fusarium
and
the mycotoxins they produce makes it necessary to develop methods for rapid and
reliable determination of the species affiliation of strains, which will make it
possible to determine the spectrum of compounds accumulating in a crop or batch
Yangi O'zbekiston taraqqiyotida tadqiqotlarni o'rni va rivojlanish omillari
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405
of grain. Today, methods based on DNA polymorphism analysis play an important
role in taxonomic studies of the genus
Fusarium
and identification of its
representatives. The use of a molecular genetic approach has made it possible to
more clearly establish standards and boundaries of species, as well as to
characterize a number of new taxa. In addition, the study of inter- and intraspecific
DNA polymorphism has made it possible to develop a number of highly specific
systems for the diagnosis and identification of the main pathogens of
fusarium
,
primarily based on PCR and its modifications. The use of modern molecular
biological and bioinformatics methods, including whole-genome sequencing, has
significantly accelerated the study of the genetic diversity of the genus
Fusarium
and the functional characterization of genomic elements, but the search for
effective methods of molecular labeling and informative DNA barcodes remains
relevant [1].
Conclusion:
The combination of morphological, molecular and
biochemical methods enables accurate identification of
Fusarium
fungi, which is
important for understanding their ecology, role in plant diseases and food safety.
In-depth studies will help improve pathogen control, reduce mycotoxin risks and
increase agricultural productivity.
Literature
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fungi of the genus
Fusarium
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2018 | ACTA NATURAE | 99.
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Fusarium
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3.
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