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CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF
THE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF JSC “UZBEKISTAN
RAILWAYS”
Egamberdieva Khurshidakhon Alisherovna
Acting Associate Professor, Tashkent State Transport University
The operational activity of railway transport refers to the production
activities of all railway enterprises and structural units involved in organizing and
implementing the transportation process. The operation of the railway integrates
all its elements and systems.
The operational activity of the railway includes the following areas:
•
Technical standardization
– developing monthly standards for train and
freight operations to meet a specified volume of freight and passenger
transportation, and for future transport planning;
•
Operational planning
– ensuring efficiency under real-time operating
conditions;
•
Regulation of the transportation process
– ensuring stable operation of
all departments and adherence to technical standards;
•
Train traffic dispatching
– carried out by a train dispatcher to
continuously monitor and manage train movements and shunting operations;
•
Management of the locomotive fleet
;
•
Accounting and analysis of operational activity
– identifying obstacles
and shortcomings in transport operations and determining ways to eliminate them.
The main goal of railway operations is to ensure safe train movement with
minimal costs while making the most of time and capabilities. For example,
maintaining strict standards for the composition of freight trains is essential.
However, it is difficult to predict wagon accumulation times in advance, making
guaranteed delivery within a specific period challenging.
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Accelerating operations sometimes prevents cost savings, and instead may
lead to increased expenses. Therefore, under current conditions, managing
operational activities should aim to meet transportation demands efficiently with
minimal costs.
Characteristics of Operational Activity:
•
It is carried out in coordination with various structural units—such as
railways, stations, depots, transportation companies, forwarding and logistics
firms, etc.—that jointly execute the transportation process.
•
The production process begins within one railway and continues across
other railway enterprises. Unlike in other industries, not only the objects of labor
(cargo) but also the tools of labor (wagons and locomotives) are transferred.
•
Locomotives are assigned to specific depots and return there. However,
the operational routes of locomotives often cross railway boundaries, leading to
challenges in cost assessment and reimbursement between networks.
•
Wagons, on the other hand, circulate across multiple national railways.
Hence, there is a specific need to regulate wagon fleets.
Types of Railway Operational Activity:
•
Technical operation
– includes train movement organization, station
design and operation, and passenger transport organization.
•
Commercial operation
– includes organizing freight and commercial
activities and delivering quality services to customers.
To describe the rolling stock, determine the need for material, financial, and
labor resources, and assess the requirement for locomotives and wagons, the
railway uses both volume and quality indicators of operational work.
Volume indicators
are divided into the following groups:
1.
Indicators reflecting completed work cycles.
2.
Indicators reflecting distances traveled by rolling stock.
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3.
Indicators reflecting the time spent by wagons and locomotives.
Table 1
Distribution of Volume Indicators by Groups
Group Name
Names of Indicators in the Group
Indicators
Reflecting
Completed Work Cycles
Number of Loaded Wagons
Number of Wagons Received from and
Delivered to Adjacent Railways
Station Activity is Determined Not Only by the
Number of Loaded Wagons but Also by the
Number of Unloaded and Processed Transit
Wagons
Indicators
Reflecting
the
Distance Traveled by Rolling
Stock
Distance Traveled by Wagons
Distance Traveled by Locomotives
Indicators Reflecting the Time
Spent
by
Wagons
and
Locomotives
Time Spent by Wagons
Time Spent by Locomotives
Table 2
Distribution of Quality Indicators by Groups
Group Name
Names of Indicators in the Group
Indicators of Rolling Stock
Utilization Based on Train
Capacity,
Wagon
Load
Capacity, and Locomotive
Tractive Effort
Poyezdning o‘rtacha og‘irligi (brutto, netto);
Vagonning o‘rtacha yuklamasi (statik, dinamik);
Indicators of Rolling Stock
Utilization Based on Time
Train
and
Locomotive
Movement
Speed
(Sectional, Technical)
Average Dwell Time of Wagons at Freight and
Technical Stations
Average Dwell Time of Locomotives at Depots
Average Daily Distance Traveled by Wagons and
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Locomotives
Indicators Reflecting the
Share
of
Inefficient
Operation of Rolling Stock
Empty Run Coefficient of Wagons
Auxiliary Run Coefficients of Locomotives (Solo
Running, Idle Time)
Generalized
(Synthetic)
Quality Indicators
Total Turnaround Time of Wagons and
Locomotives
Average Daily Productivity (Performance of
Freight Wagon and Train Locomotive)
Quality and volume indicators form an integrated system and can be
calculated using formulas and ratios. There are two types of formulas used for such
calculations:
•
Volume-based
, in which the level of quality is assessed through the
amount of work performed using operational standards;
•
Analytical
, in which the indicator is derived from other quality indicators.
The Plan for Rolling Stock Operations in Freight Transport Based on
Volume Indicators is Developed in the Following Order:
•
Wagon loading by types of cargo is determined, and the number of loaded,
unloaded, received, and delivered wagons is calculated; the transport density given
in tons is converted to wagons, and the distance traveled by loaded wagons is
defined;
•
The balance of empty wagons is drawn up by section; empty wagons are
allocated to unloading points where there is a surplus, and to loading points where
there is a shortage; a route scheme for empty wagons is created, the distance they
travel is determined, and finally, total wagon-kilometers are calculated;
•
Gross ton-kilometers are calculated by section; the train run distance is
determined based on the length of receiving and departure tracks at stations and
the standard weight of freight trains;
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•
The number of paired trains by section, the location of push points and
double traction sections are considered to calculate the linear distance traveled by
locomotives;
•
Based on the volume of wagon processing at stations, the number and
travel distance of special shunting locomotives are determined; the number and
duration of stops of mixed trains at intermediate stations are used to determine the
volume of shunting work by train locomotives;
•
Based on sectional data on distance traveled by rolling stock, technical
norms of use, and depot and station operation data, the working fleet of wagons
and locomotives is determined.
Quality indicators are derived based on volume indicators.
The above stages can be briefly described in the following schematic sequence.
According to the guideline titled
"List of Key Performance Indicators for
Main Operations, Rolling Stock Utilization, Labor Productivity, and Cost
Calculation Methods"
by JSC "Uzbekistan Railways", the system of indicators is
classified into the following groups:
•
Volume and quality indicators for passenger and freight transportation
•
Volume indicators of technical operations for passenger and freight
movement
•
Quality indicators of freight wagon fleet utilization
•
Indicators of passenger wagon fleet utilization
•
Indicators of transport operations and locomotive utilization
•
Labor productivity
•
Cost calculation
This classification does not describe the procedure or sequence for
calculating the indicators, but rather reflects a structured system of all volume and
quality indicators characterizing the operational activities of railway transport
according to the nature of the operations.
