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Стоматологическое образование 47 (2014): 28-31.
PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL
COURSE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN YOUNG PEOPLE.
Ataeva M.A., Hamroyeva K.SH
Bukhara state medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Relevance.
The prevalence of periodontal diseases has a steady upward trend.
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in periodontal diseases in
children and young people. In 10-15% of 13-16 year olds, children are diagnosed
with generalized forms of gingivitis and periodontitis. The wide prevalence of
inflammatory and destructive lesions and periodontal disease among young people
requires the development of measures for their prevention. The basis of such events
is the data of mass epidemiological studies.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.
To study the prevalence and intensity of
inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases in people aged 17 to 25 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH.
Mass examinations
were carried out at the clinic of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino according to the WHO
methodology. Almost healthy males (pre-conscripts and conscripts) aged 17-25
years, in the amount of 600 people, were examined. The majority of the examined
were people aged 17-20 years (70%), 20% were people aged 21-22 years, and only
10% were aged 23-25 years. The choice was considered representative, since in each
age group the number of examined persons exceeded 100 people.
The state of oral hygiene was determined by the Fedorov-Volodkina index
modified by Fedorov (1982), and the periodontal condition was determined using
the periodontal index (PI) according to Russel (1967).
RESEARCH RESULTS.
The prevalence of periodontal diseases in the
104
studied male population group is high - more than 50% and averages 520 people per
1000 patients, including 230 people with periodontitis and 290 people with
gingivitis.
The prevalence of gingivitis is 10% higher than the prevalence of periodontitis.
However, this difference is due to a greater number of patients with localized forms
of gingivitis. In generalized forms of periodontal disease, the prevalence of
periodontitis was 54%, which is 8% more than the prevalence of generalized catarrhal
gingivitis. Thus, in young people already severe forms of periodontal disease. In
patients with periodontitis, the prevalence of I and II degree of severity is almost 4
times higher than the number of patients with an initial degree of disease. So, the
average value of the periodontal index for a group of patients with generalized
periodontitis is 1.70 + 0.03 points. The value of this indicator on the scale of
interpretation proposed by the author of the index is in the critical zone between the
intervals of the onset of a destructive periodontal lesion (0.7-1.9 points - the upper
limit) and a pronounced destructive lesion (1.6-5.0 points - the lower limit ), the value
of the periodontal index obtained by us allows us to characterize the defeat of
periodontal disease as "moderate" with a pronounced tendency to worsen.
The prevalence of generalized catarrhal gingivitis among all forms of
periodontal disease was: mild 6.9%, moderate 22.4, and severe diagnosed 3.7%.
The average gingivitis index for this group of patients was 1.5 + 0.04, which
corresponds to moderate gingivitis.
The results of the study of the hygienic state of the oral cavity showed that a
“poor” hygienic condition was observed in 68% of the subjects (22% -
“unsatisfactory”, 20% - “bad”, 26 ”-“ very bad ”) and only 32% were diagnosed as“
satisfactory ” »Hygiene of the oral cavity. The average value of the Fedorov -
Volodkina index in the Fedorov modification is 2.8 + 0.07 points, which can be
assessed as “poor hygiene” of the oral cavity. There was no significant difference in
the index score for oral hygiene among different age groups (P> 0.09).
Thus, the hygiene index does not depend on the age of the subjects, is a
reflection of a constantly acting irritant on periodontal tissues. Obviously, the older
age groups are distinguished by its longer temporary exposure to an unsatisfactory
state of oral hygiene. The dynamics of the development of inflammatory periodontal
diseases was studied depending on the age of the examined.
For this purpose, the subjects were divided into 3 age groups: I - 19-20 years,
II - 21-22 years and III - 23-24 years.
As can be seen from the above data, the number of people with generalized
periodontal diseases increases with age, the growth of new diseases in the first two
years was 80 people per 1000 people examined, and for subsequent periods - 75
people. Thus, over 4 years the number of patients with generalized periodontal
diseases has increased by 155 people. The number of patients with generalized
genivitis in the beginning increased by 50 people (from 165 to 215), and then
decreased by 55 people and amounted to 160 patients. A different picture was
observed when analyzing the growth of patients with generalized periodontitis.
Over the two-year period, the number of patients with generalized
periodontitis increased by 30 people, and over the next two years already by 130
105
people, which is 1.7 times higher than the increase in patients with generalized
periodontal diseases. Thus, over four years the number of patients with generalized
periodontitis increased by 160 people. Considering the revealed dependence of an
increase in the number of patients with generalized periodontitis and a decrease in
the number of patients with gingivitis, it should be recognized that, in the presence
of a rather high negative background of local irritating factors, the development of
generalized periodontitis in a significant part of people was the result of long-term
generalized gingivitis. However, we cannot state with sufficient probability that the
growth and development of periodontitis in the examined group is entirely the result
of long-term catarrhal gingivitis, we cannot for the following reason: all the subjects
were conscripts or conscripts in the army. Undoubtedly, a change in living
conditions and nutrition cannot but cause stressful situations in a significant number
of people examined, which, in turn, could have an impact on the development of the
dystrophic - inflammatory process in periodontal tissues.
Conclusions:
However, a rather high negative background of local irritating
factors, such as poor oral hygiene, the lack of treatment for periodontal tissue
diseases, did not allow us to differentially determine the cause of the increase in the
incidence of generalized periodontitis.
It should also be noted that the development of more severe forms of both
gingivitis and generalized periodontitis, with an unfavorable dental status, proceeds
much faster than the increase in the number of new individuals with periodontal
diseases.
The peak of the development of more severe forms of gingivitis is at the age
of 20-21 years, and periodontitis at 22-23 years. This is very important for planning
therapeutic and preventive measures for young people, especially in organized
groups.
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