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ABDULLOH IBN MUBORAKNING ASARLARI
Akmal Ulug‘murotov
O‘zbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi tayanch doktoranti
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16026261
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur tadqiqot islom ilm-fanining yuksak namoyandalaridan biri bo‘lgan
Abdulloh ibn Muborakning ilmiy merosini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, u kishi tomonidan
yozilgan hadisiy, fiqhiy, tafsiriy, tarixiy va axloqiy asarlar ilk manbaalarga tayangan holda
chuqur tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqotda Ibn an-Nadim, Ibn al-Javziy, Muhammad ibn Ja’far al-Qattoni
kabi manbalarda zikr etilgan o‘n birta muhim asar ko‘rib chiqilgan bo‘lib, ularning har biri
islom ilmlarining shakllanishida tutgan o‘rni, tematik yo‘nalishi, mazmuniy va uslubiy
xususiyatlari bilan o‘rganiladi.
Tadqiqotda ayniqsa “Kitob az-Zuhd var-Raqoiq” asarining tarkibiy tuzilmasi, unda
keltirilgan hadislar, tobein va salaflardan rivoyat etilgan hikmatlar, tasavvufiy-axloqiy g‘oyalar
tahlil qilinadi. Bu asarning 16 bobdan iborat bo‘lib, har bir bob bir necha bo‘limlardan tashkil
topgani, va unda iymon, tavba, dunyo va oxirat, sabr, taqvo kabi mavzular yoritilgani
ko‘rsatiladi. Ibn Muborakning bu asarni o‘qiyotgan paytdagi ruhiy holati, uni eshitganlar
tomonidan qanday taassurot qoldirgani haqidagi tarixiy guvohliklar ilmiy isbot bilan beriladi.
Muallif, shuningdek, Abdulloh ibn Muborakning “Kitob al-Jihod”, “Kitob al-Tarix”, “Kitob
at-Tafsir” kabi asarlari haqida mavjud bo‘lgan tarixiy manbalarni jamlab, ularning ilmiy-
nazariy ahamiyatini yoritadi. Tadqiqotda Imom al-Buxoriy va boshqa buyuk muhaddislarning
Ibn Muborak asarlaridan ilhomlanganliklari, ularning bu asarlarni eshitib yod olganliklari
haqida dalillar keltirilgan.
Ushbu tadqiqot natijalari nafaqat hadis ilmi va islom madaniy merosining tarixiy
rivojlanish jarayonini oydinlashtiradi, balki bugungi kunda ham axloqiy-ma’naviy tarbiya,
diniy bilimlarning manbaasi sifatida ushbu asarlarning ahamiyatini namoyon etadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Abdulloh ibn Muborak, hadis ilmi, zuhd va tasavvuf, islomiy axloq, ilmiy
meros, ilmiy-munozarali tahlil
WORKS OF ABDULLAH IBN MUBARAK
AkmalUlug'muratov
PhD student at the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan.
Abstract:
This study is devoted to the study of the scientific heritage of Abdullah ibn
Mubarak, one of the prominent figures of Islamic science, and the hadith, jurisprudential,
exegetical, historical and ethical works written by him are analyzed in depth based on
primary sources. The study examines eleven important works mentioned in sources such as
Ibn an-Nadim, Ibn al-Jawzi, Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Qattani, and each of them is studied in
terms of its role in the formation of Islamic sciences, its thematic direction, content and
methodological features.
The study analyzes in particular the structural structure of the work “Kitab az-Zuhd var-
Raqa’iq”, the hadiths cited in it, wisdoms narrated from the followers and predecessors, and
mystical and moral ideas. It is shown that this work consists of 16 chapters, each chapter
consists of several sections, and it covers topics such as faith, repentance, this world and the
hereafter, patience, and piety. Historical testimonies about Ibn Mubarak’s mental state while
reading this work and the impression he made on those who heard it are given with scientific
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evidence. The author also summarizes the available historical sources about Abdullah ibn
Mubarak’s works such as “Kitab al-Jihad”, “Kitab al-Tarikh”, “Kitab at-Tafsir” and highlights
their scientific and theoretical significance. The study provides evidence that Imam al-Bukhari
and other great hadith scholars were inspired by the works of Ibn Mubarak, and that they
memorized these works after hearing them.
The results of this study not only clarify the historical development of the science of
hadith and Islamic cultural heritage, but also demonstrate the importance of these works as a
source of moral and spiritual education and religious knowledge today.
Keywords:
Abdullah ibn Mubarak, science of hadith, asceticism and mysticism, Islamic
ethics, scientific heritage, scientific and debatable analysis.
KIRISH
Movarounnahrda hadis ilmi vujudga kelgan paytdan boshlab muhaddis olimlarning ilm
izlab boshqa mamlakatlarga sayohat qilishi ikki daryo oralig‘idagi o‘lkalarda hadis ilmining
rivojlanishiga asosiy sabab bo‘lgan. Tarixiy manbalarga ko‘ra, VIII asr o‘rtalaridan XV asrgacha
Movarounnahrning ko‘pgina shaharlarida minglab muhaddislar faoliyat yuritgan. Hadis ilmi
mazhabi rivojida bir qancha muhaddislar, jumladan, Abdulloh ibn Muborakning xizmatlari
juda katta. Movonuahirda hadis maktablarining rivojlanishi asosida dunyoga mashhur bir
qancha muhaddislar yetishib chiqdi. Bu davr muhaddis allomalarining samarali mehnatlari
ilm olishdek ezgu mehnatni ro‘yobga chiqarishlari natijasidir. Hukmdorlar ulamolarga
mehribon va hurmatli edilar, chunki Islom dinidan boshqa din yo'q edi.
Abdulloh ibn Muborak Rabboniy ulamolarga xos bo‘lgan ixlos, taqvo, ilm va amalda o‘z
zamondoshlari orasida yetakchi bo‘lgan, ilm olish va yetkazishda juda talabchan edi. Din
ta’limotlarini, Payg‘ambar (s.a.v)ning hadislarini asrab-avaylash va yetkazish yo‘lida tinimsiz
mehnat qildi.
Uning allomalar va boshqalar nazdida tutgan o‘rni haqida gapirilar ekan, bu buyuk
allomaning ijodini o‘rganish zaruriyati anglab yetiladi. Chunki ajdodlarning hayot yo‘li, ilmiy
merosini o‘rganishdan maqsad ham ajdodlar hayotini namuna qilib, bilimli va dono yoshlarni
tarbiyalash, tarixda islom diniga poydevor qo‘ygan o‘tmishdagi ajdodlar yoshlariga ibrat
bo‘lishdir.
Imom Muhammad ibn Ismoil al-Buxoriy birinchi marta hadisni eshitgan va Ibn
Muborakning tasniflarini yod olgan yosh bola edi. U aytdi: “Men o‘n olti yoshligimda Abdulloh
ibn Muborak Marvaziy (vafoti 798) va Vakiy ibn al-Jarroh ibn Mulayh ar-Ravaviy (vafoti 814)
kitoblarini o‘qidim, uni to‘liq yod olib, ota-onamning so‘zlarini ham o‘rgandim, so‘ng u
as’hobga ketdim.
Ahmad “Ibn an-Nadim “Hadis sahobalarining fuqahosi haqida xabarlar” oltinchi bobida
Ibn al-Muborakning kitoblari sifatida quyidagi kitoblarni zikr qiladi: 1. “Sunan fil-fiqh” kitobi.
2. “Kitob at-tafsir” (Kitob tafsir),
3. “Kitob at-tarix” (Tarix kitobi),
4. “Kitob al-birri vas-sila” (Yaxshilik va rahm-shafqat kitobi),
5. “Kitob az-zuhd var-raqoiq” (Kitob taqvo va ilohiyot).
6. “Musnsd”, “Kitabu al-jihod”, “Arbain”.
7. “Rikoul al-fatava”.
Muhammad ibn Ja’far al-Kattani al-Fosiy “Kitob al-Istazon” (“Ijozat kitobi”)ni Ibn al-
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Muborakning kitobi deb atagan. Bu kitob durdona asarlardan biridir.
Ibn al-Javziy aytadiki, Ibn Muborak “Kitob al-manasik” (“Namoz qoidalari kitobi”)ni
Kufada yozgan.
O‘n bir kitob Abdulloh ibn al-Muborak tomonidan tasniflangan, ammo hoziri paytgacha
ular haqida hech qanday ma’lumot yetib kelmagan. Sakkizinchi kitob yo‘qolgan bo‘lsa kerak.
Vaholanki, “Kitob az-zuhd var-raqoiq” kitobi 1966-yilda Hindistondagi “Ihyo al-Maorif”
nashriyotida chop etilgan. Bu kitob Habib ar-Rahmon al-Azam tomonidan tadqiq qilingan. Bu
kitobda Payg‘ambar (s.a.v) va sahobalarining hikmatlar, ma’ruzalar, masalalar, axloq, Alloh
taoloning marhamati, tavbaning qabul qilinishi, yolg‘on va riyokorlikni qoralash, musibatlarga
chidash haqida hadislari keltirilgan. , bo‘ysunuvchilarning asarlari to‘plangan.
Darhaqiqat, Ibn Muborak jihod haqida birinchi kitob yozgan. Demak, u birinchi bo‘lib
taqvo va ilohiyot haqida kitob yozgan. Ibn al-Muborakning “Kitob az-zuhd var-raqoiq”
kitobida hadislardan quyidagi mavzular keltirilgan: -tobein”,
“Al-Marfuat a’la as-sahobati bimaa fiyhi aqvoluhum va af’olihum”, “Al-Mavqufat a’lat-
tobein va atboihim”.
Kitob 16 bobdan iborat. Har bir bo‘lim bir nechta bo‘limlardan iborat. Birinchi qismning
boblari: Alloh taologa qattiq itoat qilishga manfaatdorlik, dunyodan yuz o‘girish uchun ilm
zarurligi va boshqa masalalar. Ibn al-Muborak bu kitobni o‘qiyotganda juda hayajonlangan
edi. Al-Xatib al-Bag‘dodiy aytadi: Naim ibn Hamad aytdilar: Ibn al-Muborak “Kitob az-zuhd
var-raqoiq” kitobini o‘qiganda, uning yig‘lashi ho‘kizning bo‘kirishiga o‘xshardi.
References:
Используемая Литература:
Foydalanilgan Adabiyotlar:
1.
Translated from the Arabic by Haji Abdulgafur Razzaq Bukhari and Komiljon Rakhimov.
"Makorim ul-akhlaq". - “Bukhara” publishing house, 2003. - 29 p.
2.
Ahmad Ali Thabit Khatib Baghdadi. Sharaf ashabu al-hadith. - Ankara: Kulliyatu-al-
ilahiya, 1969. –235 p.
3.
Abu Tahir Silafi. Al-Arbain al-buldonia. - Damascus: Dor al-Bayruti, 1992. - 45 p.
4.
Ahmad Ali Thabit Khatib Baghdadi. Sharaf ashabu al-hadith. - Anqar: Kulliyatu-al-ilahiya,
1969. –167 p.
5.
Az-Zahabi. Siyar a'lom an-nubalo. - Bayrut: Dor al-fikr. 1997 –98 p.
6.
Abd ibn Humayd Keshiy. Al-Muntahab min Musnadi Abd ibn Humayd Abdullah Ahmad
ibn Ibrahim Abu Aynayni tahriji. - Iraq: Maktaba Ibn Abbas, 2009. Muhlif bani Urf. Qita'tu min
tafsir Imam Abd ibn Humayd. - Bayrut: Dor al-xazm, 2004. - 203 p.
