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STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE LARGE FAMILIES IN THE SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Yangiboyeva Dildorakhon Rakhmon qizi
Teacher of the Department of “Psychology and pedagogy” of the ISFT institute
Makhamatkhojayeva Lazizakhon
2
nd
year student of “Psychology” (by types of activity) of the ISFT institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14748042
Annotation:
One of the main tasks solved in modern science is to determine the influence
of various socio-cultural and economic factors on the number of children in the family. As a
result of building a mathematical model, it was found that various factors affect the birth of the
first and each subsequent child. The birth of the third and subsequent children is related to such
factors as the level of poverty in the region, the availability of housing, the rate of marriage, the
share of the rural population, and the number of abortions.
Key words:
large family, relationship, types of family, children, family dynamics,
traditional model, childbirth.
Introduction.
At the same time, it can be said that the level of real income of the
population and the development of the region itself have less influence on having many children
[1]. Studies have shown that the transition of the family to large families can be carried out in
different modes. First of all, we can talk about the difference in the initial attitude of parents
(mothers) with many children to this issue - most of them did not expect the emergence of large
families at first. Second, it is an attitude toward birth planning that can be conscious and
intentional (parents carefully plan and construct birth spacing throughout their reproductive
years), or it can often occur spontaneously in response to reproductive events. Thirdly, the
decision to have another child is often situational in response to life events and is influenced by
a number of motives (economic, social, psychological) [2]. Based on these factors, researchers
have proposed four models of motivation for having many children: the «traditional» model of
having many children is characterized by a high level of initial reproductive relationships and
the unplanned nature of births; the «modern» model of large families characterized by low
reproductive rates and the planned nature of childbirth; the «modern-traditional» model of
large families has low reproductive rates and unplanned births; «Traditional-modern» model
of large families characterized by high reproductive rates and planned nature of birth [3].
Families in developed countries invest in their children’s human capital mainly for future
personal satisfaction. Caring for a young child is more time-consuming than caring for a young
child, which in turn is more costly in terms of devoting other family resources to other activities
that further develop the child’s education and abilities.
Methods.
Local and foreign researchers have long been interested in the phenomenon of
large families and its impact on the quality of life of families. In the conditions of traditional
society, the economic motives for the birth of children prevailed, because children were
economically useful to the family as workers and were a guarantee of the well-being of the
parents in their old age. Children are a special economic asset because they are not only the
source of family needs, but also its long-term investment. By making this investment process,
the family hopes to cover future expenses by increasing the income stream for the family as a
whole or for the child himself. It should also be taken into account that the quality of the child’s
human capital formation depends on the number of children in the family, and the contribution
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of parents in this process is perceived differently. The 1970s saw the emergence of several
popular publications that examined the individual factors influencing these determinants,
demonstrating the important relationship between the number and quality of children in the
family. G. Becker singled out the level of financial well-being of parents as the main factor
affecting the level of education of children in the family. Based on this interpretation, the family
acts as the main channel for the distribution of financial resources with the possibility of
investing in human capital. Income received by family members fully forms the conditions for
the production, development and reproduction of human capital [4].
Results.
A separate research problem is related to the influence of parents’ reproductive
relations on the number of children in the family. For example, in the research of the Nigerian
scientist U. Isuigo-Abani, it is concluded that the decision about the number of children and the
size of the family in Nigerian families is made only by men [5]. According to Y. Z. Garipov and I.
S. Mavlyautdinov, both spouses should be ready to create a big family. At the same time, they
note that in large families, the initiative to have a child belongs to both the father and the mother
in almost equal shares.
Based on the correlations between the direction of the meaning of life and the institution
of couples in families with many children, attitude and purpose of divorce (r=-0,237, p<0,05),
attitude and result of divorce (r=-0,248, p<0,05), attitude to sexual life and ban locus of control
(r=-0.247, p<0.05), attitude and goal to egalitarian family (r=-0.256, p<0.05), process (r=-0.273,
p<0.05), inverse, negative correlations were noted in the result (r=-0.281, p<0.05) scales. From
the obtained empirical results, the reaction to divorce is lower in families with many children,
and if such an idea is born in couples, it is known that this decision can have a negative impact
on the effectiveness of their life goals and lifestyle results. Therefore, the phenomenon of
divorce can be observed less often in families with many children. Also, the fact that the
relationship to sex life takes precedence in the hierarchy of needs of husbands and wives in a
family with many children creates the ground for their self-control and serious impact on their
reproductive health.
It was found that the observation of installation in families with many children can have
an adverse effect on the quality of family goals, plans, and the quality of the processes that take
place during their lifestyle, compared to being an egalitarian type of family, characterized as
families with equal rights, where there are no clearly defined family heads and the distribution
of power between father and mother prevails depending on the situation. In this case, family
roles change according to the requirements of the situation, and household chores also take
place depending on the dynamic state of the situation. It is clearly stated that an equal family is
a blessing and a miracle in improving family relations. Spouses rarely achieve full equality. In
such a marriage, nothing «restricts the breath» of the second half, but it is one of the
characteristic aspects that such a comfortable home world should be created only on the basis
of mutual agreement, without breaking the partner or forcing him to dance under
«revolutionary» ideas.
According to the analysis obtained by the methodology of the couple’s establishment, it
can be seen that the minimum indicators in the scales of attitude to the child, sense of duty and
pleasure, and attitude to sexual life are less than other value indicators (min=2; min=3). It can
be concluded that as a result of the large number of children, parents have a low level of attitude
towards time and space speed in terms of individual approach to children. This is also
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important because it can increase the possibility of dysfunctional relations with father and
mother in children. Also, due to the minimum scores, lower results were recorded in the
indicators of the sense of duty and pleasure and attitude to sexual life, in terms of responsibility
and diversity of views in families with many children, family duty and enjoyment of family life
and family traditions are not stable. can be explained by, the attitude to sexual life, the level of
evaluation of it indicates that it serves less in the way of spiritual and psychological satisfaction
of couples in terms of intimate relationships.
Discussion.
Through marriage or family relationships, common life and mutual moral
responsibility and social need arise from society’s need for physical and spiritual reproduction
of the population. V. N. Arkhangelsky’s works reveal the issues of changes in reproductive
behavior at different historical stages of the transition from a large lifestyle to a medium and
small lifestyle. An alternative approach is related to the current consideration of certain priority
life strategies and the choice of the structure of value orientations for spouses in the system of
ethno-demographic and socio-economic determination of personality, a simple understanding
of macro-regional and «family planning» tasks, and historical forms of demographic transition
[6]. A.V. Noskova said that if earlier parenthood was considered a vital (self-preservation)
human need and the birth of children was considered a «civil duty», now for some Europeans
such an understanding of reproduction and parenthood is losing its validity. The universal
norm is replaced by choice, need by desire. But unlike the a priori human need for children, the
desire to have children may not arise [7].
M.S. Matskovsky, P. Sorokin and A.G. Kharchev, whose works can be classified as
fundamental, revealed that the position of the family institution directly depends on the socio-
economic factor. However, today, perhaps, things have changed - the socio-economic factors of
having many children have ceased to operate. This trend, according to European sociologists,
is connected with the new role of children for the couple. Modern children have lost their
economic utility for the family and have become of great emotional and psychological
importance for their parents.
Parenting studies are a major focus of local research. O.N. Bezrukova classified the models
of parents depending on how the daily life of the family is organized, the nature of the parents’
responsibility for the parental role, and the level of identification with the parental role.
According to these criteria, the following models of parents were identified: traditional (with
differentiation of parental roles), solidarity (joint responsibility for raising children),
delegation (responsibility for raising children is transferred to other persons - the older
generation, household staff).
Conclusion.
When studying families with many children, most authors include them in
the risk group. Some families do not have the opportunity to improve their lives in the current
conditions. The difficulties of this group are so complex that they mainly determine the specific
characteristics of raising children in the family. Families with many children create a real
opportunity for constant communication between people of different genders and ages and
reduce the possibility of forming qualities such as selfishness and laziness. The variety of
interests, characters, and relationships that appear in families with many children is a good
basis for the development of children and the improvement of the personality of parents.
Respect for elders is especially important in relationships between members of large families.
Large families are an indispensable school of collectivism that prepares each child for future
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independent family life. According to the researchers, every second family with many children
needs financial support, every fifth needs preventive social support, which should help to
improve the psychological and pedagogical skills of parents and socialization of children.
Parents in large families usually have strong psychological stability. They are more resistant to
stress, easily overcome life’s difficulties, because they have already put values in the first place
and made a choice in favor of the most valuable thing - their children. Also, their independent
decision-making is a little slower, and any problem related to the family is taken together based
on common views.
References:
1.
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on large families // Socio-economic and demographic aspects of the implementation of national
projects in the region. Collection of articles of the X Ural Demographic Forum. In 2 volumes.
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2.
Kostina S.N., Zaitseva E.V., Bannykh G.A. Children as a value: modern approaches in
familism // Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. 2019. No. 3. P. 117-122.
3.
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5.
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6.
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Nigerian Men // Studies in Family Planning. Vol. 25. No. 3 (May - Jun., 1994). P. 149-161
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