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Хорезмийские памятники XIV века. I-II. –Т.: Фан, 1966-1971.
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памятники XIV в. I-II. –Т.: Фан, 1966-1971.
ЎТЭЛ
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улар билан ҳосилалар). –Т.: Университет, 2001. –599 б.
Фойдаланилган адабиѐтлар рўйхати:
1.
Маҳмудов Қ. Аҳмад Югнакийнинг «Ҳибат ул-ҳақойиқ» асари ҳақида. –Т.: Фан,
1972. –300 б.
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Раҳматуллаев Ш. Ўзбек тилининг этимологик луғати. II (араб сўзлари ва улар
билан ҳосилалар). –Т.: Университет, 2001. –599 б.
3.
Турсунов У., Ўринбоев Б., Алиев А. Ўзбек тили тарихи. –Т.: Ўқитувчи, 1995. –
264 б.
4.
Усмонов С. Ўзбек тилининг луғат составида форс-тожикча ва арабча сўзлар //
Навоийга армуғон (тўплам) –Т.: ФАН, 1968. –Б. 123.
5.
Щербак А. К истории узбекского литературного языка древнего периода //
Академику В.А.Гордлевскому к его 75-летию. –М.: 1953. –С. 317-323.
6.
Sindorov L. ? ИБАТУЛ? А? ОЙИ?‖ ДАГИ БАЪЗИ АНТРОПОНИМ ВА
ТОПОНИМЛАР? АКИДА. Архив Научных Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
7.
Sindorov L. SOME ASPECTS OF THEONIMS IN THE WORK ―KHIBATUL
KHAKOIK‖(―Gift of Truth‖) //Архив Научных Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
8.
Sindorov L. Semantic Groups Of The Lexicon Of The Work Hibatul Hakoyik //Архив
Научных Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
9.
Sindorov L. ―Ҳибатул ҳақойиқ‖ даги қадимги туркий сўзлар //Архив Научных
Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
10.
Sindorov L. ―Ҳибатул ҳақойиқ‖ асаридаги айрим лексемалар семантикаси
//Архив Научных Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
11.
Lutfulla S. SOME ASPECTS OF THEONIMS IN THE WORK ―KHIBATUL
KHAKOIK‖(―Gift of Truth‖) //ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English
Language and American Studies. – 2019. – Т. 8. – №. 10. – С. 91-97.
12.
Sindorov L. «ҲИБАТУЛ ҲАҚОЙИҚ» АСАРИДАГИ ПОЛИСЕМАНТИК
СЎЗЛАР //Архив Научных Публикаций JSPI. – 2020. – С. 1-8.
Sindorov L. ―Ҳибатул-ҳақойиқ‖ даги айрим ўзлашмалар хусусида //Архив Научных
Публикаций JSPI. – 2020.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING LIGHT INDUSTRY TERMS IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Sratdinova Gulbakhar
Assistant teacher of Karakalpak State University
Annotation:
The formation of the semantic structure of the terms and their division into
different categories suggests that they can be expressed in the article.
Key words:
Industrial fabrics, apparel wool, jacquard machine, flyer frame, knitting,
knitting needle, jersey, lopped, thread fastening, melt spinning, garment.
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The creation of special words involves the improvement of existing terminological
systems, the identification of new terms and optimal ways of creating their systems, the search
for universal features inherent in the terminology of different areas of science. In this sense, the
various innovations that are taking place around the concept of the terminology, the developed
scientific-theoretical views and the results of research attract not only linguists, but also experts
in other fields. As a result, the theoretical problems of different terms are successfully solved and
led to the development of a new scientific science of "terminology" aimed at the formation of
new terms.
So, since the lexical layer of language is the most changeable part, it faces regular
historical influences. The technical and economic development of each period forms and
enriches its communicative relations. As a result of these technical developments, various terms
appear in the lexical system of modern language. In addition to the fact that terminological
research, which began to be expressed in communicative relations, determines important tasks
terminologists, it is required that entrepreneurs, businessmen and specialists in each field
operating in the country perfectly master one of the foreign languages.
The decision of PP-4453 ―About the measures to promote the further development of light
industry and the production of finished products‖ signed by the President of Uzbekistan on
September 16, 2019, was an impetus for the comprehensive study of terms related to the light
industry and relevant work began to be carried out in order to implement it appropriately. In
particular, the decree № 312 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan ―About
the measures to bring the activities of popularization of foreign languages to a qualitatively new
level‖ was made on May 19, 2021 and ―About measures to effectively organize the
popularization of foreign languages‖ which dated on May 19, 2021 are aimed at training
specialists who are fluent in English and are able to communicate in this language. This places
great demands on professionals to introduce the innovations created in developed countries in
their field during their work, to get acquainted with the achievements and existing problems in
their fields. The demand for the development of light industry technology in our country has
made it a goal to be aware of the economic achievements of developed countries and to work
with them.
Indeed, as a result of the ongoing reforms and the efforts made to implement them, the
terminological system of the English language has been enriched with hundreds of field terms.
For example: Industrial fabrics - sanoat gazlamalari: apparel wool - jakkard to‗quv
dastgohi, jacquard machine - jakkard mashinasi, flyer frame - aylanma eshish mexanizmi,
knitting - to‗qish, knitting needle - to‗qish ignasi, jersey - to‗qima mato, interlacing -
o‗rishmahkamlovchi ip, manufactory – manufaktura, melt spinning – tola yigirish, garment –
kiyim, ko‗ylak andozasi
[8: p 152].
Furthermore, new terms began to appear in the lexical layer related to the textile
industry.
For example: apparel wool - kiyim kechak uchun mos jun; black wool - qora,
jigarrang, kulrang qo‗ylar juni; braid - uzun, tovlanib turuvchi jun; breech or britch- dag‗al
jun; carpet - gilambop, kigizbop qalin jun; fleece wool - bir qo‗ydan olinadigan jun; french
comb - qo‗y uchun maxsus fransuzcha taroq; pulled wool - so‗yilgan qo‗ylar juni; raw wool -
tabiiy jun; second cuts - ikkinchi qirqish natijasidagi kalta junlar; shearing - junni qaychi
orqali olish
[7: p 90].
When we analyze the terms of light industry from a structural-semantic point of view,
we can also observe terms whose components are expressed in a form of semantic shift, such as
metaphor and metonymy.
For example: eyelet — ko‗zcha, holder — tutqich, padding /pad mangle — plyuslash,
cam-barmoq, musht /barring cam – qotirish (mahkamlash) mexanizmi mushti) [6: p 162].
The young terminologist S.M. Azamov studied the semantic transfer of words in
terminology in three main categories:
615
a)
the transfer of meaning, which is inseparably linked with the similarity of the form
and function of the name
.
For example: cylinder — the main roll, or pressure bowl on roller
printing machines –matoga gul bosish dastgohining asosiy vali yoki cilindri; nose - burun,
concave cap nose – ichkariga egilgan qopqoq burni; pointed cap nose —uchli qopqoq burn;
mock cake —o‗ram hosil bo‗lgandan keyin olib tashlanadigan moslama;
b) the transfer of meaning associated with the characteristics and quality of the name
:
canvas / duck — a firm, heavy, plain-weave fabric – qattiq, og‗ir, oddiy to‗qilgan mato; frieze
— a term applied when the pile of a velvet, plush, velour, or other pile fabric is uncut – baxmal,
velyur yoki boshqa tuki qirqilmagan matoga ishlatiladigan atama; grey fabric / greige fabric —
a fabric just off the loom or knitted machine, in an unfinished state – to‗quv dastgohidan yoki
to‗qish mashinasidan yangi chiqarilgan, ya'ni tugallanmagan holatdagi mato;
c) the shift of meaning associated with the name of the physiological, psychological
and social life of man:
age - tolaning yoshi, mature fiber - tolaning yetishganligi, hollow fiber -
puchak tola, fiber migration - tola migratsiyasi, feed - ozuqa, flagged points - mato parchasining
yomon joylari
[4:p18].
The formation of the semantic structure of the terms under study and their division into
different categories suggests that they can be expressed in linguistics as a separate form of
polysemy. For example, the term "
age
" in English, without the meaning of the ―
tolaning yoshi
‖
in Uzbek, is used to describe the state of "meaning transfer" using a metonymic method, that is,
"
material
" - means "
product from material
". The term is widely used in consumption as a
terminology of textile technology in both meanings.
Another way to make words in English and Uzbek is compounding. In
communication, the formation of a new word by adding two or more independent lexical units to
each other is accomplished using the compounding method. In her scientific work, M. Rasulova
states that the phenomenon of compound words is one of the most effective means of forming
the vocabulary and grammatical structure [5: p. 102].
Analyzing the structure of the terms used in the English language, the simplest and most
common type is a two-component attribute phrase
(warp yarn - o‗ralgan ip, water bath - suv
vanna, water consumpt - suv iste'moli)
. We can show the state of expression of terms on the
basis of several models:
NOUN + NOUN
-
Hair + cloth, Hounds + tooth, Dog + tooth
;
VERB + NOUN
-
Shrink + age
ADJECTIVE
+
NOUN
-
Black + face
.
From the analysis of terms using these models, it becomes clear that one of the two
elements in such word combinations comes in the main expressive function and indicates its own
characteristic concept, while the first (attributive) element represents a different sign of the
concept. It firmly occupies a final position in the word combination, and the process of formation
of terminological word combinations leads to the addition of new words denoting the
characteristics of the type to the word that belong to the same category.
In conclusion, the purpose of studying the lexical-semantic structure of light industry terms
in English is not only to increase the vocabulary of students, but also professionals in the field
and to develop their ability to understand and work on texts related to light industry in English.
REFERENCES:
1.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 16, 2019 No
PP-4453 "On measures to further develop the light industry and stimulate the production of
finished products"
// https://lex.uz/docs/4516526
2.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-5117 of May 19,
2021 "On measures to bring the promotion of foreign language learning in the Republic of
Uzbekistan to a qualitatively new level" // https://lex.uz/docs/5426736
616
3.
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 19,
2021 No 312 "On measures to effectively organize the promotion of foreign language learning"
// https://lex.uz/docs/-5431845
4.
A'zamov M.S. Structural-semantic analysis of English-Uzbek textile and light industry
terms: abstract of the doctoral dissertation on philological sciences. - Andijon, 2022. - 60 p.
5.
Rasulova M., Shukurova Z. Somparative Typology of English, Uzbek and Russian
languages. - Tashkent, 2017. - 255 p.
6.
Yuldasheva D.M. Annotated dictionary of terms related to light industry in English-
Uzbek-Russian languages. Tashkent-2021.
7.
Yuldasheva D.M. Dictionary of terms in the field of textiles (in English, Uzbek,
Russian) Tashkent-2021.
8.
Collins Thesaurus.The Ultimate Word finder from Ato Z.Major new edition. - Glasgow,
2002. - 175 p.
CONCEPT ―MUHABBAT‖ IN KARAKALPAK PROVERBS
Sadullaeva Alfiya Nizamaddinovna
Assistant teacher, English Language and Literature Department
Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
Abstract:
This article discusses the various meanings of the concept MUHABBAT (Love)
reflected in Karakalpak folk proverbs. Karakalpak folklore (Qaraqalpaq folklorɪ - Qaraqalpaq
xalɪq naqɪl-maqallar, Volume IV [Nukus; 1978]; Qaraqalpaq folklorɪ - Naqɪl-maqallar [Xalɪq
awɪzeki dóretpesi 2019]) proverbs are studied and analyzed in the basis of this article.
Key words
: concept, Muhabbat (Love), proverbs, linguoculturology, communication,
translation, contextual meaning.
In linguistics, the term "concept" was borrowed from English-language literature in the
mid-70s, when the problem of an adequate translation of this term in the works of foreign
authors arose. Then the English word ―concept‖ was proposed to be translated into Karakalpak
as ―túsinik‖.
Proverbs and sayings "as a kind of (micro) texts have such a semantic-pragmatic
characteristic as figurativeness, due to which one or another explicated concept is voluminously
and deeply reflected by its carriers, on the one hand, and, on the other has a great linguo-
psychological fascination for them in communication.‖
The object of the research of the concept MUHABBAT in Karakalpak language served the
Qaraqalpaq folklorɪ - Qaraqalpaq xalɪq naqɪl-maqallar, Volume IV
[Nukus; 1978];
Qaraqalpaq
folklorɪ - Naqɪl-maqallar
[Xalɪq awɪzeki dóretpesi 2019]
.
In the following examples we are going to discuss about the contextual meaning of the
concept MUHABBAT in Karakalpak language:
Óz
súygeniń
ózińe,
Húr kóriner kózińe [1; 113]
In word by word translation this proverb means –
To the one you
love
, seems beauty for
your eyes
. As we can see the word ‗súygeniń‘ translates as MUHABBAT into English. That is,
the concept MUHABBAT is given as a
súygeniń
. In Karakalpak language the word ‗súygen yar‘
shows the harmony with the concept MUHABBAT. Therefore, this proverb talks about fidelity,
loyalty to love, being one-word, not betraying one's spouse and lover.
Jaqsɪ perzent –
súyinish
,
Jaman perzent – kúyinish. [1; 116].
This proverb discusses the relationship between parent and child. That is shown the
difference between a child‘s respect and disrespect for a parent. It is said that a good child will
never face the shame of his parents. But if the child is bad-behaved, it is said that he will
