Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary
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TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF THE FRACTIONATING
APPARATUS IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SEPARATION OF
HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS
Rakhimov Ganisher Bakhtiyorovich
Karshi Institute of Engineering and Economics, associate professor, Ph.D.
Republic of Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya region, ganisher.raximov@inbox.ru,
st.Mustakillik, 225, 180100, +998 94 297-75-63
Buronov Firdavsiy Eshburiyevich
Karshi Institute of Engineering and Economics, associate professor, Ph.D.
Republic of Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya region,
st.Mustakillik, 225, 180100,
Saidov Saida’lo
Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute
, graduate student
Republic of Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya region, street 180100
The rectification process is carried out in column apparatuses, and the apparatus
has appropriate internal devices. With the help of these devices, gas mixture flow
interconnections and necessary temperatures are provided. The internal devices of the
column consist of plates with different structural designs or nozzles made of different
materials, which provide gas-liquid interaction.
Any connection devices used in rectification columns, as well as nozzles, are
subject to specific technological requirements during their design, taking into account
the specific production conditions of the rectification column. The main technological
requirements include the following indicators: - the possibilities of having the smallest
values in relation to the height of the theoretical plates equivalent to them, or having
the mass transfer coefficients in high values; - the low value of the hydraulic resistance
to its flow during the movement of the substance in the gas state; - the substance has a
high level of ability to conduct gas and liquid states; - the properties of keeping gases
and liquids on their surfaces in small amounts during their movements.
In order to achieve such indicators in the nozzles, first of all, the nozzles should
have a high free volume fraction and a shaped geometric surface as much as possible.
In addition, the main technical requirements for nozzles include ease of manufacturing
technology, minimal material consumption, and the need to be made of corrosion-
Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
resistant sheet steel for long-term corrosion resistance even in aggressive corrosive
environments. In some cases, even if the complex configurations of the nozzles give
good results, there will be no opportunities to use them because the technology of their
preparation in production conditions is too complicated. Therefore, it is recommended
to use on a large scale in production only if they have sufficiently good technological
characteristics and their mass production technology is simple.
One of the main directions of improvement is perforation of the walls of the tank
in order to increase the surface of interconnection and organize the flow of liquids in
the walls. The use of this method is carried out in order to increase the permeability of
gases and liquids, increases the washability of the inner surfaces of the nozzle, and
reduces the hydraulic resistance.
Pall nozzles are one of the types of nozzles that are used on an industrial scale.
This nozzle element is also made in the form of a cylinder with equal outer diameter
and height. grooves are made, and with the help of stamping, the bent part of the groove
is directed to the inner part of the cylinder. In addition, in order to increase the
mechanical strength of the element, 2-3 transverse bends are made on the side surfaces.
This construction of the nozzle element, being very close to the geometric parameters
of the Raschig tube, increases the throughput by 1.2 times compared to it, reduces the
hydraulic resistance by 1.6-4 times in different regimes of gas and liquid flows, and
increases the separation efficiency of the mixture of light components by 25 Increases
to % [6].
Another way to improve nozzles with a ring is to reduce the ratio of the height
and diameter of the ring. For the above constructions, its value is equal to 1, but this
value should be reduced, that is, the height of the ring should be smaller than its
diameter. Making the ring look like a mini ring increases the hydration of its inner
surface, reduces the degree of curvature and, as a result, increases its efficiency. In this
case, it is necessary to take into account only changes in the density of enthronement
of peoples.
For connecting currents, the inner surfaces of Rashig's rings are rough and less
than their outer surfaces. The disadvantages of this type are elements in a new form,
that is, the inner surface and the outer surface are not flushed with the same liquid, and
they are not connected to the gas flow. In order to prevent this, in order to ensure mutual
connections of liquid and gas flow, the construction of saddle-shaped nozzles was used.
Berl saddles and Intalox saddles began to be widely used from this type of nozzles.
Intalox saddles are curved metal elements, 4 grooves are made in the transverse
Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
direction, and the carved part is curved in the opposite direction, and 2-4 bends are
made in the opposite direction. This nozzle has 7% more efficiency and 1030% more
throughput compared to Pal rings, and hydraulic resistance is 2 times less.
In order to have the same wettability of the inner and outer surfaces, to ensure
the same connection of phases, the S-shaped nozzle constructions, which are
implemented with the use of simple technological operations in terms of creating wide
surfaces and in terms of preparation, began to be used. Also, various modifications of
S-shaped nozzles were started to be produced from the point of view of separation of
gas fractions. In this case, the development of nozzles with a spiral design was taken
into account, as well as ensuring the combined movement of gas and liquid flows, as
well as expanding their interconnection surfaces.
Based on the above, it should be noted that irregular nozzles are still widely used
as the main element of rectification columns in the separation of multi-component light
gas mixtures.
In recent years, in the production of irregular nozzles, nozzles of the "Injekhim"
construction, which are technologically simpler compared to other nozzles, have been
used. This type of nozzle has been widely used on an industrial scale due to its high
mass transfer characteristics and minimum hydraulic resistance (Figure 1.1). Figure
1.1. Different options of tubular elements recommended for the improvement of the
rectification column in the separation of multicomponent light hydrocarbon mixtures.
[5-7]
In the design of tubular rectification columns, the structures and sizes of tubular
elements are considered as the main acceptable parameters. Therefore, their
construction and hydrodynamic conditions in the column should have the following
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
characteristics for different types of nozzles: - very good distribution of irrigation
fluids, having geometric surfaces on the surface of the nozzle that ensure the
connection of flows; - create a rolling motion, have acceptable structural details,
increase the rate of mass exchange, and have a low hydraulic resistance; - the presence
of a large number of phase connection surfaces and the provision of phase
turbulization; - the surfaces formed during their use should have higher conductivity
and so on.
The rectification column is equipped with an easy-to-manufacture "Injekhim"
nozzle design, which has high mass transfer characteristics and creates favorable
hydrodynamic conditions. The nozzle of this type of structural design occupies the
largest free volume in the inner part of the column, ensures the flow of liquid in the
film mode, causes a sharp decrease in the combined outflow of steam and liquid, and
a decrease in hydraulic resistance. Especially due to the presence of additives in the
composition of the vapor and liquid phase, the formation of a coating on the surface as
a result of polymerization prevents the reduction of its working characteristics. The
fact that the design of the nozzle does not have a very complex structure allows it to be
made from sheet stamps, and as a result, the cost is low. [6-7]
Figure 1.2. General view of Nasadka
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International Journal of
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The specifications of the nozzle element of the above Injexim type are as
follows:
- nasadki material
- steel - element dimensions
- 70x40 mm - relative surface
- 98 m
2
/m
3
- relative free volume
- 0.96 m
3
/m
3
- Number of elements per 1 m
3
- 13550 pieces - bulk density - 248 kg/m
3
Summary
To find a solution to the problem, you can see the issue of improving the column
through the following options: - replacement of plates with full nozzles; - partial
replacement of plates with nozzles and the use of a column with a combination of
nozzles and plates; - using only nozzles through internal structural changes of the
column in order to ensure steam-liquid movements in straight and crossed flows; - step
by step use of irregular and regular nozzles in separate sections; - plates using irregular
and regular nozzles in a combined way and placing the irregular section at the top of
the column.
Used literature
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International Journal of
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Research
6.
Ҳурмаматов А.М., Рахимов Ғ.Б.Calculation of heat transfer and heat
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