№ 4 (2024) ACUMEN: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

This article dives into the concept of functional styles in the English language, focusing on their classification and linguistic features. Functional styles are essential in effective communication, as they adapt language to suit specific purposes and audiences. The paper explores scientific, official, journalistic, colloquial, and literary styles, analyzing their unique linguistic traits. Key features such as vocabulary choice, syntax, and stylistic devices are examined to demonstrate their role in shaping communication. This comprehensive study aims to underline the significance of functional styles in understanding stylistics and improving language use.

 This  article  analyses  the  innovative  and  quite  interesting  methods  we  have  in  teaching  English language. Everybody has their own understanding and conclusions on teaching English language. Whatever the teaching methodology can be, but teaching must be leaner’s centered. However, this paper scrutinizes the difference between traditional and practical teaching and thereafter learning.

The main purpose of this article work is to study the benefits of using various mass media in teaching foreign languages, problems of integration of information and communication technologies into the traditional educational process.

Mazkur maqolada eski o‘zbek yozuvi va unda yaratilgan yozma yodgorliklarning tarixi, turlari, ilmiy va madaniy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Eski o‘zbek yozuvi asosan arab grafikasiga asoslangan bo‘lib, XII asrdan boshlab, XIX asrgacha keng foydalanilgan. Ushbu yozuv orqali yaratilgan adabiy, diniy va ilmiy qo‘lyozmalar O‘rta Osiyo va Sharqning ilmiy-madaniy taraqqiyotida muhim o‘rin tutgan. Tadqiqotda eski o‘zbek yozuvida yaratilgan qo‘lyozma yodgorliklarning madaniy ahamiyati yoritilib, ularning tahlili o‘tkaziladi. Adabiy qo‘lyozmalar Alisher Navoiy va Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur kabi yirik shaxslarning ijodi orqali o‘z davrining badiiy va estetik qiyofasini aks ettirgan. Diniy va ilmiy asarlar esa xalqning diniy-falsafiy qarashlari va ilmiy yutuqlarini ko‘rsatgan. Shuningdek, eski o‘zbek yozuvida yozilgan davlat hujjatlari va diplomatik yozishmalar orqali o‘sha davrdagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy aloqalar va davlat boshqaruvi tizimining yozma madaniyati o‘rganiladi. Maqola davomida qo‘lyozmalarning ilmiy va madaniy meros sifatida ahamiyati, ularni o‘rganish va kelajak avlodlarga yetkazish masalalari ham keng yoritilgan. Bugungi kunda eski o‘zbek yozuvidagi yozma yodgorliklarni tadqiq qilish xalqimizning boy madaniy va ilmiy merosini saqlab qolish yo‘lidagi muhim qadamdir.

The article considers the use of HC-SR04 sensors for measuring the distance to an object in a collaborative robot workspace. Special attention is paid to the visualization of the received data, which allows for effective analysis of information about the robot's environment. The experimental results show that the HC-SR04 can provide satisfactory measurement accuracy, which is important for the safety and optimization of robotic systems. The use of data visualization helps to improve interaction with the environment and increases the tasks efficiency.

The article, “Problems of English Lexicography,” explores the complex challenges faced by lexicographers in creating accurate and comprehensive English dictionaries. Key issues include defining words with multiple or shifting meanings, ensuring inclusive representation of global English varieties, and managing vast amounts of data in the digital age. The article also addresses the need for neutrality to minimize biases in definitions, especially for terms related to gender, race, and culture. Through a critical examination, it emphasizes the evolving role of lexicography in reflecting English's dynamic nature while underscoring the importance of inclusivity and social awareness in modern dictionaries. This piece offers insights for both linguists and language enthusiasts into the nuanced task of dictionary-making in today’s interconnected world. Additionally, the article highlights the problem of cultural and regional representation. Standard English dictionaries often prioritize British and American English, potentially overlooking the lexicons of Indian, Caribbean, and African varieties, which offer unique contributions to the global English language. Ensuring these regional variants are included in mainstream dictionaries can enrich the diversity and authenticity of English lexicography. Through a detailed exploration, the article underscores the lexicographer's role in shaping not only language documentation but also in influencing cultural perspectives. This work is critical for linguists, lexicographers, and language enthusiasts who seek to understand the nuanced challenges and responsibilities of capturing the English language in all its diversity and dynamism.

This article explores the importance of English in understanding assets and liabilities in financial statements. Details are provided on how assets and liabilities are defined and classified in a financial content. The article also examines the importance of using clear language in financial statements, examples of language misunderstandings and best practices for clearly expressing financial concepts. The role of English as a global business language is also highlighted, helping to make financial information easier to understand for multilingual audiences. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of clear and transparent communication in financial reporting, which builds trust among all stakeholders.

Ta’lim texnologiyalari dunyoda ta’lim jarayonini o‘zgartirib, yanada samarali va qiziqarli qilishda davom etmoqda. Ushbu maqola global miqyosda shakllanayotgan EDTech tendensiyalariga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, sun’iy intellekt, moslashuvchan o‘quv tizimlari, gamifikatsiya va immersiv texnologiyalarning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’sirini yoritadi. Maqolada zamonaviy o‘quv muhitining ehtiyojlariga mos innovatsiyalar tahlil qilinib, ularning kelajakdagi rivojlanish istiqbollari baholanadi. Ushbu tadqiqot ta’limni raqamlashtirishning dolzarbligini va uning insoniyat intellektual salohiyatini oshirishdagi ahamiyatini aks ettiradi.

Buyrakda tuz paydo bo‘lishi (nefrolitiaz) zamonaviy tibbiyotda dolzarb muammolardan biridir. Ushbu jarayon organizmda minerallar va tuzlarning almashinuvi buzilishi, suvsizlanish, noto‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, irsiy omillar va turmush tarziga bog‘liq bo‘lishi mumkin. Mazkur tadqiqotda buyrakda tuz yig‘ilishi sabablari, belgilari va oldini olish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, davolash usullari, jumladan, farmakoterapiya, parhez va jarrohlik aralashuvi masalalari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari buyrak kasalliklarining oldini olishda samarali tavsiyalar berishga qaratilgan.

The article reveals the features of the bibliographic activity of the Alisher Navoi National Library of Uzbekistan in the preparation of secondary sources of information that contribute to meeting the diverse information needs of readers

Revit dasturi  Muhandislik soha vakillariga IT-texnologiya sohasinida loyihalarni avtomatlashtirish va bu texnologiya orqali arxitektorlar, muhandislar va quruvchilar birgalikda ishlaydi ko’rsatib o’tilgan.

In the last decade, information and communication technology has been the essence of our life. New electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets and computers, and offer different possibilities of accessing the internet anytime, anywhere. The computer is one of the innovative technologies that is used as a medium between the human-being and language teaching and learning which is called Computational Linguistics. Computational linguistics is a twofold field that combines principles of linguistics and computer science to develop computational models and algorithms for understanding, processing, and generating human language. The primary goal of computational linguistics is to enable computers to interact with human language meaningfully and efficiently. It also provides  tools and frameworks that can help students better understand language patterns, grammar, syntax, and semantics. For instance, Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools can help in learning new languages, offering translation, grammar correction, and text-to-speech features.

In the article the authors define the importance of listening in language learning and teaching, they disclose how language teachers can help their students to become effective listeners with the help of technology

The aim of the article is to study the content structure of the concept “youth” represented by phraseological and paremic units as some integral constructs in the English language pictures of the world and reveal the cultural-specific features of their verbalization.

Cotton in the article has high humidity and pollution The technique and                          technology of initial processing of dirty, especially machine-picked cotton, processes     of   separation of impurities from the moving particle composition are considered.

The article "Bridging Cultures: A Comparative Exploration of Superstitions in English and Uzbek Societies" delves into the rich tapestry of superstitions that permeate both English and Uzbek cultures. It examines how these beliefs, often rooted in historical, social, and religious contexts, shape behaviors and attitudes in each society. The article highlights specific superstitions prevalent in both cultures, analyzing their origins and significance. By comparing and contrasting these beliefs, the study seeks to uncover underlying cultural values and societal norms, fostering a deeper understanding of how superstitions influence daily life and interpersonal relationships. Ultimately, the article aims to bridge cultural divides, showcasing the universal human tendency to seek meaning and control in an unpredictable world through superstitious practices.

Ushbu  maqolada boʻlajak  pedagoglarning mantiqiy va kreativ fikr yuritishini rivojlantirishda  fikrlash qobiliyatini shakllantirishning nazariy shart-sharoitlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari bilan mantiqiy va kreativ fikr yuritishni  rivojlantish orqali maqsadga erishish va ushbu jarayondagi natijalar tahlili keltirilgan.

Fotosintezning yorug'likka bog'liq reaktsiyalari deb ham ataladigan yorug'lik bosqichi fotosintetik jarayonning birinchi bosqichi bo'lib, quyosh energiyasi ushlanib, kimyoviy energiyaga aylanadi. Bu bosqich xloroplastlarning tilakoid membranalarida sodir bo'lib, xlorofill va boshqa pigmentlar tomonidan yorug'likning yutilishini o'z ichiga oladi. So'rilgan energiya adenozin trifosfat (ATP) va kamaytirilgan nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid fosfat (NADPH) ishlab chiqarishni rag'batlantiradi, ular keyingi qorong'u bosqich (Kalvin tsikli) uchun energiya va kamaytiradigan quvvat sifatida xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari, suv molekulalari fotoliz deb ataladigan jarayonda bo'linadi va kislorodni yon mahsulot sifatida chiqaradi. Ushbu maqolada fotosintezdagi yorug'lik bosqichining asosiy mexanizmlari, tarkibiy qismlari va biologik ahamiyati ko'rib chiqiladi.

In the Kokand Khanate, the development of librarianship and the art of manuscript production flourished under the consistent attention of its rulers. The presence of a designated librarian in the Kokand palace indicates that the rulers maintained exclusive libraries within their palaces. Some Kokand khans showed a profound interest in handwritten books and libraries in general, and information is provided about their patronage of poets and writers

Markaziy asab tizimi o‘smalari (gliomalar, meningiomalar va ependimomalar) hayot uchun xavfli bo‘lgan, tashxis qo‘yish va davolashda yuqori texnologiyalar talab etadigan kasalliklardir. Ushbu maqolada 72 nafar bemorning klinik tahlillari yosh va jins bo‘yicha chuqur o‘rganilgan. Gistologik turlar, davolash strategiyalari va ularning natijalari, shu jumladan, glioblastomada targetlangan terapiya samaradorligi muhokama qilingan. Hosil qilingan natijalar zamonaviy tashxis va davolash usullarini rivojlantirishga yo‘naltirilgan.

Мазкур мақолада мия ва орқа мия ўсмалари, уларнинг турлари, ташхиси ва замонавий даволаш усуллари кўриб чиқилган. Невро-онкологиянинг асосий мақсадлари ва вазифалари, шунингдек, ўсмаларнинг келиб чиқиш хусусиятлари, клиник белгилари ва уларга қарши даволаш стратегиялари муҳокама қилинган. Мақола мия ўсмаларига доир турли илмий тадқиқотларни умумлаштирган ҳолда, уларнинг таъсирини пасайтириш ва беморларнинг ҳаёт сифатини яхшилашга йўналтирилган тавсияларни таклиф этади.

Юрак ҳуружи оғир касаллик ҳисобланади. Унинг олдини олиш учун стресс, оғир юклар ташиш, чекиш ва алкоголь истеъмолидан қочиш лозим. Беморлар касалхонани тарк этгандан кейин парҳезга риоя қилиши, жисмоний машқлар билан шуғулланиши ва дориларни ўз вақтида қабул қилиши зарур. Мазкур мақолада юрак ҳуружига учраган беморларнинг тикланиш жараёнини самарали бошқариш усуллари муҳокама қилинган.

Мақолада нафас олиш тизимига доир аллергик касалликлар, айниқса аллергик ринит ва поллиноз, уларнинг патогенези, клиник белгилар ва даволаш усуллари таҳлил қилинган. Аллергик касалликлар нафас олиш йўлларининг ишлашига сезиларли таъсир кўрсатиб, инсонлар саломатлигига жиддий хавф туғдиради. Мақолада шу касалликларнинг ташхиси, патогенези ва профилактика чоралари ўрганилган.

The purposes of hyperbole as a lexical stylistic device in literature and ordinary speech are examined in this article. Deliberate exaggeration for emphasis or impact is known as hyperbole, and it can be used to create vivid images, increase emotional intensity, and promote humor, among other things.

Buyrakda toshlar – kishi kasallikning birinchi alomatlari namoyon bo`lishigacha (masalan, bel sohasida og`riqlar yoki buyrak kolikalari) seza olmaydigan patologiya hisoblanadi. Siydik-tosh kasalligi va buyrak tosh kasalligi ko`pincha bitta kasallik deb adashtiriladi. Aslida, siydik-tosh kasalligi buyrak tosh kasalligining oqibati bo`lib, simptomlari va davolashda farq qiladi. Siydik-tosh kasalligiga nima sabab bo`ladi va u qanday davolanadi?