American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
27
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
27-29
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-07
History and Methods of Studying Medical Plants
V.S. Toreniyazova
Acting Associate Professor, Nukus Branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and
Biotechnology, Uzbekistan
Jumanova P.
Student of the Nukus branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology, Uzbekistan
Abdullaeva D.
Student of the Nukus branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology, Uzbekistan
Received:
31 March 2025;
Accepted:
29 April 2025;
Published:
31 May 2025
Abstract:
The formation and development of beekeeping mentioned in this article is directly related to honey-
bearing (nectar-bearing, honey-bearing) plants that serve as their food source. undefined Today, based on the
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 239 dated June 12, 2023 Resolution of the Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan On additional measures to support the beekeeping industry and
pollination of agricultural crops by bees In order to develop the beekeeping industry in the republic on the basis
of modern scientific approaches, create more favor the further development of beekeeping in our republic, the
timely and complete pollination of our vast plantations should be one of the urgent measures of today.
Keywords:
Species composition of honey plants, nectar productivity, nectar release dynamics, pollinating plants,
nectar productivity of cultivated plants, increased yields when pollinated by bees, honey plants of Uzbekistan,
beekeeping, pollination of agricultural crops by bees.
Introduction:
It is known that the comprehensive study
of honey-bearing plant species, which are the wealth of
our country's flora, and their effective use are the main
ones. Abu Rayhan Beruni dedicates a chapter of his
book "As-Saydana fit-tib" to honey. In it, he collects and
presents information about honey and beekeeping up
to the 11th century. The types of honey and its origin
are discussed. The work tells about the juicy and
delicious honey obtained from mint, thyme, astragalus,
shambala, and balcuray plants.
The in-depth study of honey plants and flower juice
began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The
journal "Turkestan Agriculture," published in Tashkent
since 1906, plays an important role in the development
of beekeeping and the study of honey plants.
A.A.Aleksandrov (1906) was among the first to describe
the main honey plants of Kattakurgan, Samarkand,
Khujand, and Tashkent on the pages of the journal,
noting that white acacia is their "queen."
He writes that the temperate climatic conditions of
Central Asia and the diverse plant world contributed to
the development of beekeeping in these areas. In the
hot climate of Uzbekistan, egg and linden have good
honey content. Also, I.A. Brjezicius (1907) notes that
capers, honeysuckle, qashqarbeda, and other plants
produce nectar well.
A. Mikhailov (1909), V. Yuferov (1911), O. T. Zemlyanov
V.L. Komarov, S.N. Korzhinskiy, B.A. Fedchenko, and
others extensively studied honey plants and the plant
world of the Turkestan region. V.D.Layoc (1949 - 1950)
determined the amount of nectar in some fruit trees
and hemp plants.[2]
The richness of honey plants in the Pskem, Ugam, and
Maidantal ranges of the Western Tien Shan is noted by
G.I. Pechisheva (1962) and V.A. Rogov (1968, 1969,
1970). In Tashkent and adjacent beekeeping regions,
more than 100 species of honey plants have been
identified. Bulgakova, Suvorin (1961), and L.L.
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Bulgakova (1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978) identified
220 species of honey plants in the arid regions of the
Syr Darya. It has also been established that lipa flowers
acclimatized in the Tashkent Botanical Garden produce
4-6 to 16-18 mg of nectar, and the nectar concentration
is 55-60% (Shumaeva, 1972).
In the Khorezm region, R.S.Sobirov (1972, 1982)
identified 236 species of honey plants belonging to 142
genera and 47 families. Under the scientific supervision
of G. Hamidov, the postgraduate student R.
Mukhamatzyanov (1977, 1980) studies the honey
plants of the Surkhandarya region. There are 487
species of honey plants in this region. According to
R.Kh.Khudoyberganov (1959), when cultivating capers,
the nectar yield reached 990 kg/ha. [3]
A number of researchers Golovkova (1966), Ziyadov
(1967), Linov (1970, 1971, 1972), Kashchenko,
Bushkova (1971), and Rahmonov (1971) studied honey
plants in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
When cross-pollinated by bees, the yield of alfalfa and
legumes increases by 35-40%, sunflower by 50-60%,
and melons by 100-150% (Ponomareva, 1973, Gluxov,
1974, Krivtsov, et al.).
METHODS
Since 1960, at the Institute of Botany of the Academy
of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, G. Hamidov
has been widely studying honey plants and their
resources in almost all regions, as well as in the border
regions of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan
(Arslanbob,
Shahimardan,
Pochchaota,
Zamin,
Sangardak, Bobotoğ, Kuhitangtoğ). The nectar
extraction and nectar concentration of the medium-
staple (28 varieties) and fine-staple (17 varieties)
cotton varieties common in Uzbekistan are
determined. For the first time, the resources of honey
plants in the context of desert, foothill, mountain, and
pasture zones of our country's vegetation cover have
been determined. A total of 38 species of plants were
planted in the experimental plots, including sainfoin,
rapeseed,
lion's
tail,
bluegrass,
Kashkarbeda,
Tograykhon, lemon grass, sage, and their bio-ecological
state and nectar extraction were studied. All nectar
resources, natural species, cultivated species, cotton,
hemp, fruit orchards, melons, and others are
counted.[5]
The impact of ecological factors on Uzbekistan's honey
plants and nectar production and other data were
presented at the International Congresses on
Beekeeping. A monograph and several brochures have
been published on this topic. For the first time, the
author compiled a map of Uzbekistan's honey plants.
(Map of honey-bearing lands of Uzbekistan, scale 1:
1000 000, G.Hamidov, 1985). [1]
Beekeeping is an important branch of agriculture, and
about 70 enzymes, vitamins, hormones, and other
chemically active substances have been found in
honey, which is an extremely beneficial food for
humans, and in bee milk, propolis, bee products, which
are considered raw materials for industry. They are an
important source for treatment.
In addition, beekeeping plays an important role in
increasing crop yields. It turned out that 80% of
flowering plants in our biosphere are susceptible to
cross-pollination, and the proportion of bees among
insects ensuring their cross-pollination is 80%
(Beekeeping of Entomophile Crops and Honey
Base,1981).
The development of beekeeping depends on providing
it with sufficient fodder. Their food source is nectar and
pollen released by the plants' flowers. In our country,
the main food source for beekeeping industries is
natural meadows, large orchards, flower beds, cotton
fields, shrubs, sunflowers, hemp plantations, melon
crops, ornamental plants, and others. Bees play an
important role in cross-pollination of cotton
plantations and increasing their yields.
The results of the conducted experiments show that
the yield of cotton fields pollinated by bees increased
by 10-23%. Advanced experience in beekeeping has
shown that with each bee colony placed in cotton
fields, up to 20-40 kg of honey can be obtained (G.
Khmidov, 1976). [1]
Calculations show that the income from the pollination
of all agricultural crops by bees is several times greater
than the income from their direct products.
On the instructions of the regional administration of
the Fergana Regional Beekeepers Association, within
the framework of the Agrolinx project, which manages
the activities of farmers caring for fruit trees in the
region, a study will be conducted on the industrial
pollination of fruit orchards and its impact on yields.
Experimental work was carried out in the conditions of
the Quvasoy and Fergana districts. The experiment was
conducted on fruit crops widely distributed in the
Fergana Valley, as well as across the republic: peach,
quince, persimmon, apricot, apple, plum, almond,
cherry, and sweet cherry (a total of 9 species). It was
also established that when cotton and sunflower plants
were pollinated by bees according to the above-
mentioned project, their yield increased by 4.8 and
11.2 centners/ha.[3]
These and other studies have shown that pollinating
fruit trees, sunflowers, alfalfa, sainfoin, melons, and
other crops by bees significantly increases their yield.
FINDINGS
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Considering the prospects for studying beekeeping and
honey plants in our country, it is necessary to consider
the timely, efficient, and comprehensive use of natural
and cultivated plant resources. We have enormous
opportunities for the development of beekeeping,
which is considered a highly profitable industry. It is
necessary to consider the distribution of vegetation
cover by vertical zones, the sequence of flowering of
plants according to their biological properties, and the
duration of their ontogenesis. To increase the
productivity of beekeeping industries, it is necessary to
use advanced technologies and experience. Using
strong bee colonies, increasing labor productivity, using
strong and healthy bee colonies in the farm, providing
them with sufficient and quality feed throughout the
year is an important factor. For the development of a
healthy bee colony in spring, it is desirable to have 6-8
kg of honey and one or two frames of pollen.[5]
It is necessary to search for prospects for providing the
beekeeping industry of our republic with feed sources.
In this matter, we must pay attention to the following:
Timely and effective use of the entire vegetation cover
of our republic;
- Timely placement of bee colonies in orchards
(agrocenoses) consisting of all fruit trees and shrubs;
- Placement of bee colonies in all cotton fields;
- Effective use of sunflower, alfalfa, sainfoin, rapeseed,
and other plants;
- If possible, create an artificial source of honey plants
by planting such important honey plants as
qashqarbeda, rapeseed, arslonquyruq, tog'rayxon,
kiyikuti, kokuti (sinyak) in limited areas;
Identifying factors that positively influence the
production of nectar by plants;
- Determination of nectar secretion dynamics;
- Conducting research aimed at determining the
function of nectar secreted by plant flowers;
- Study of the coevolution of bees and nectar plants;
- Studying agrotechnical and other factors that
positively.[6] The beautiful nature and climatic
conditions of our republic allow for the successful
development of beekeeping, as well as all branches of
agriculture. Our vast meadows, diverse hills, boundless
orchards, cotton fields, ornamental shrubs, trees, and
flower beds serve as a great source of food for bees.
Nevertheless, we can say that at present, the level of
development of this sector of the economy cannot fully
meet the growing demand and needs of our people.
REFERENCES
Khamidov, G. (1988). honey resources of uzbekistan
and ways of their rational use. autoref. diss.
Khamidov G.Kh., Davidov M.A., Akbarova M.Kh.,
Kholikulov M.R. Uzbekistan's Honey Plants and
Prospects of Beekeeping. Fergana: poligraf super
servis. 2019. 156 с.
Khamidov, G., Xoliqulov, M., & Omonboyev, T. (2022).
classification of honey plants. central asian research
journal for interdisciplinary studies (carjis), 2(special
issue 2), 173-179.
Holikulov, M. R., & Hamidov, G. H. (2022). Floristic
composition of honey plants of the Fergana Valley and
ways of their rational use and protection. The journal
presents scientific reviews, articles of a problematic
and scientific-practical nature,
History of the Study of Honey Plants Kholikulov M. R.
Senior Lecturer at Fergana State University. Scientific
Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2022: 5.947 Advanced
Sciences Index Factor.
Toreniyazova V.S. Monitoring and evaluation of the
resource base of honey-bearing plants in the south aral
region
territory
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