American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
13
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
13-16
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-04
Foreign Experiences of The Development of Cattle
Breeding Industry in The Agriculture of Our Republic
Rakhimov Azizbek Saliyevich
Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Docent, International School of Finance Technology and Science, ISFT Institute, Uzbekistan
Received:
21 March 2025;
Accepted:
17 April 2025;
Published:
19 May 2025
Abstract:
The article covers extensive scientific and practical information obtained in developed countries and our
country regarding foreign experience in the development of the livestock industry in the agriculture of our
republic.
Keywords:
Livestock, trend, livestock, farmers and farms, veterinary science, Simmental breed, extensive factor.
Introduction:
Economic in Uzbekistan reforms
different
in
effect
property
and
household
management system is improving. Agricultural and
livestock products in cultivation personal assistant,
Dehkan and farm enterprises are becoming a powerful
factor in economic stability. Livestock farming is playing
an important role in ensuring food security. Its share is
46.5 percent of agricultural products produced in the
country. Cattle breeding is one of the leading sectors of
animal husbandry, and is a priority in providing the
population with dairy and meat products, as well as
light industry with leather and other raw materials. 98
percent of the milk produced and 63 percent of meat
comes from cattle.
Animal husbandry, in particular, to develop cattle
breeding in the republic separately paying attention is
being achieved. During the years of independence, the
trend of development of the sector has been further
increasing. In achieving these positive results, the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in his
resolutions No. PP-4576 dated January 29, 2020 and
No. PP-4576 dated March 28, 2019, Decree No. PF-
5696 "On measures to fundamentally improve the
state management system in the field of veterinary
medicine and animal husbandry" is the basis. To
develop the livestock industry in our country, to
increase the volume of production and to expand the
types of ready-made products intended for export, 100
book collection In addition, consistent measures are
being taken to provide the population with high-quality
and affordable livestock products produced locally.
On topic due literature analysis
. Sustainable through
the development of agroservices in rural areas
establishing and expanding cooperation ties, creating
new jobs In the works of I.A. Karimov [1], we often find
information about the possibility of increasing
efficiency by fully equipping them with modern
equipment and properly organizing their use,
expanding cooperation in the areas of breeding
services, veterinary services, fodder supply, banking
services and processing, in order to fulfill the tasks set
for the further development of the service sector,
which will allow creating a favorable environment for
livestock. The influence of factors related to the
maintenance of livestock and the provision of
appropriate services to them is also of great
importance.
Agroservice is a profit-making complex based on
meeting the needs of agricultural production in the
agrarian sector system in the conditions of the market
economy and in this process using modern techniques
and technologies [8, p. 48]. Depending on the
conditions created for bred cattle, the level of
development of zoo-veterinary in the region [5],
productivity indicators of cattle in each farmer's farm
differ from each other. This in itself creates a
competitive environment in the industry and increases
the productivity of cattle in our republic every year.
METHODOLOGY
"Comparison", "index" and "difference of indicators"
methods are used in economic-statistical analysis of
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
production of livestock products and its productivity.
The "comparison" method of economic-statistical
analysis is widely described in a number of literatures
[2, p. 81], we studied and used it in scientific articles
dedicated to the factor analysis of cattle productivity
[6] and its development [4, 7].
The "comparison" method - compares the amount of
livestock products produced in the reporting period
with the indicators of the base period, and calculates
the factors affecting its increase and the amount of
each of these factors. These factors include: an increase
(decrease) due to a change in the output of each head
of livestock due to an intensive factor; an increase
(decrease) in production due to a change in the number
of livestock due to an extensive factor.
RESULTS
Agroservices are one of the most important tasks in
agriculture, ensuring the continuity of the production
process
and
constantly
introducing
modern,
environmentally friendly services into the sector. More
than 20 types of agroservices operate in agriculture in
our country, serving as one of the important factors in
increasing the efficiency of agricultural production.
The rate of increase in div weight and feed intake of
cattle during the fattening period is called daily gain.
Daily gain is measured by calculating the amount of
feed consumed per kilogram of div weight. The
fattening rate is calculated by weighing the cattle once
a month during this period and calculating the amount
of feed consumed.
When livestock are brought to the feedlot for fattening,
their div weight is measured, if possible, by weighing
them on a scale or by measuring their approximate
weight with a tape measure around the chest area
behind the shoulder blades. The div weights obtained
are entered in a record book. The daily feed intake
should also be recorded in the same way.
The most appropriate method is to weigh the animals
once a month. The difference between two weight
measurements taken within a month is calculated. To
calculate this difference, the daily weight of the group
is divided by 30. The daily feed intake of the group is
the total amount of feed consumed during a one-
month period divided by 30. For example, we buy 10
head of 12-month-old young goats for our farm. Let the
total div weight obtained from feeding these chicks
be 1780 kg. When measured after one month, if the
total div weight is 2140 kg, the difference between
the two measurements is 2140-1780=360 kilograms. If
this is also divided by 30 days, the daily weight gain of
the group is 360÷30=12 kilograms. Since there are 10
cattle in our group, the average daily weight gain of
each cattle is 12÷10=1,200 grams.
Let's say that during this month, cattle consume 2160
kg of feed units. If we divide this by 30, then the daily
feed unit consumption will be 2160÷30=72 kg of feed
units. That is, each cattle will consume 72÷10=7.2 kg of
feed units per day. 1 kilogram to find the feed units
consumed by 72 kg of feed units for div weight gain,
we divide 72÷12=6 kg by div weight, which gives 6
kilograms. That is, we can say that each cattle in the
group consumes 6 kg of feed units and gains 1 kilogram
of div weight (Table 1, Figure 1).
Table 1
Calculation of feed efficiency
Number of cattle and some
information
Cattle weight
(kg)
Weight after
30 days
(kg)
Weight gain
1
36
160
196
2
33
173
206
3
33
185
218
4
36
190
226
5
38
170
208
6
35
165
200
7
39
183
222
8
37
182
219
9
34
176
210
10
196
235
39
Total (kg)
1780
2140
360
Daily div weight gain of the group (kg)
12
Daily weight gain of cattle (kg)
1.2
Total feed consumption (kg)
2160
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Daily feed consumption of the group (kg)
72
Feed consumption per head of cattle (kg)
7.2
Feed unit used for 1 kg weight gain
6
Figure 1
For example, in Germany, several factors have been
identified that affect the process of fattening. These
factors should be taken into account when selecting,
feeding and managing livestock. These factors can be
divided into 4 groups:
1.
Factors related to livestock.
2.
Factors related to the management process.
3.
Factors related to barns.
Nutritional factors.
These are factors that are directly related to the
purchase of cattle and should be considered. Since it is
important to make money by buying cattle, not
fattening them, it is necessary to choose good cattle,
that is, factors related to cattle. All relevant factors
should be considered. We can divide this into 5 groups:
1.
Breed of cattle.
2.
Age of cattle.
3.
Cattle breed.
4.
Breed of origin of cattle.
5.
General condition of cattle.
98-99 percent of the beef produced in Uzbekistan
comes from dairy and mixed-breed breeds and their
crosses. Only 1-2 percent comes from beef cattle
breeds and their crosses.
When feeding cattle taken for breeding, it is first
necessary to pay attention to the direction in which this
breed of cattle is raised. If it is raised for dairy purposes,
its diet should include silage, hay, green grass, hay,
beets, and high-quality concentrates.
If cattle are fed on rumen, their diet should include a
higher amount of concentrate (feed, bran, husks,
meal). The cattle being fed should be in a state of low
activity.
Some cattle breeds are dairy and meat cattle breeds.
These are called double productive breeds.
The first criterion for choosing a breed of cattle is the
direction of the livestock farm.
That is, cattle are bought for which farm and for what
purpose?
For a dairy farm?
For a dairy farm or a meat farm?
To this question After you have clarified
this,
you can decide which type of cattle to buy. There are
three main types of cattle: dairy, dairy-meat, and meat.
It is also important to consider the similarity of climatic
conditions and the reproductive characteristics of the
breed. Dairy and meat cattle are milk and meat from
performance indicators in addition to their appearance,
div structure (exterior) It also stands out with.
Therefore, the breed of livestock to be raised is of great
importance. When choosing livestock, we should first
choose pedigree breeds, and then other breeds. Due to
the rarity or high cost of this type of livestock, cattle
breeding in our country is carried out with local breeds
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
36
33
33
36
38
35
39
37
34
196
Weight after 30 days
Weight gain
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
of livestock. Although there are breeds such as
Brangus, Angus, Hereford, Limousin, which are raised
for meat, they are not widespread in our country.
Cattle breeds can be divided into 4 main parts: a) dairy
breeds: Holstein, black ola, red desert, Bushuev breed.
b) double productive breeds: Simmental, Swiss breeds
c) meat breeds: Hereford, Kazakh White Head,
Aberdeen Angus, Santa Gertrude, Limousin, breeds.
c) Local breeds: Local (jaidari), Improved local cattle (a
type resulting from the crossing of breeds with each
other or with pedigree breeds).
Breeding farmer on their farms Bushuev breed pure to
breed in a state and partially improver of the people
(Dutch, Holstein blood casting based on milk
productivity sharp extension work to do is being
increased. Unfortunately, breed 3000 from the
beginning reduced risk under is standing, this own next
this breed indicates that the state has control over it.
Simmental breed (German cha Simmental-Simmental
valley). In Switzerland, Local breeds were introduced in
the 5th century Scandinavian their names Created by
crossing with. Productivity height and local It has
spread to many countries due to its ability to quickly
adapt to conditions. Local breed cows From
Switzerland inbreeding with imported Simmental bulls
through brother breeds taken being, various in
countries them various is named (FRG and in Austria-
Fleckvieh, in France-Montbéliard, In Hungary -
Hungarian ala breed and etc.). This breed has a milk and
meat type.
Simmental breed malla, colorful, sometimes red-purple
will be, head and tail three bullet in color; nose "mirror"
is pink, horns and hooves are light brown. Live weight
of bulls reaches 800-1100 kg, cows - 550-600 kg.
Average annual milk yield is 3500-4500 kg, milk fat
content is 3.8-3.9% organization will. When you look
fast gets fat. Bulls 12 months old when 400-420 kg, 18
monthly 500-600 kg to enough. Alive of weight 58-62%
in quantity meat gives.
CONCLUSION
In order to achieve the stability of the productivity
index of cows in the region - first of all, to expand the
types of services provided to all forms of farming in
agriculture, This can be achieved through the constant
introduction of modern technologies into the
production and service processes. In particular,
material and technical support of production, breeding,
veterinary services, provision of fodder, provision of
banking services and intensive use of existing internal
capabilities, organization of livestock complexes. We
believe that it is advisable to develop cattle breeding on
diversified farms and increase the productivity and
efficiency of cattle breeding through the introduction
of milking, storage, and processing technologies.
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