American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
15
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
15-18
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-05
Main results of safflower breeding in rainfed conditions
Aripov Sherali Xolboyevich
Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture. Head of the Laboratory for Breeding Oilseeds and Non-Traditional Crops, Doctor of
Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Galaaral, Uzbekistan
Amanov Farrux Baxtiyorovich
Researcher, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Received:
11 December 2024;
Accepted:
13 January 2025;
Published:
15 February 2025
Abstract:
This article presents the results of safflower selection in rainfed conditions. During the study of the
collection and breeding nursery, new lines of safflower were selected for economically valuable properties.
Keywords:
Variety, rainfed, culture, safflower, seed production, progeny, line, standard, yield, oil content.
Introduction:
In recent years, in order to meet the
needs of the population of the republic with local food
products, the area for cotton and grains has been
reduced, and on the liberated lands, areas have been
allocated for planting fruits, vegetables, fodder and
oilseeds. An important direction today is to conduct
scientific research on the creation of new breeding
varieties of oilseeds, the creation of highly productive
varieties that have large amounts of oil in the seeds,
high quality products, are resistant to various abiotic
and biotic factors, adapted to various soil and climatic
conditions of our republic [1].
Yu.A. Aripov (1967) noted that one of the main
directions is the selection of initial sources and the use
of breeding processes in the creation of high-yielding
varieties of oilseeds that are resistant to abiotic and
biotic factors in rainfed conditions. Safflower is one of
the ancient types of oilseeds, capable of growing even
in harsh conditions, differing from other oilseeds in its
resistance to cold and drought [2].
In studies conducted by Sh.H. Aripov (2017), attention
to the amount of oil obtained from them when creating
new varieties of safflower determines the direction of
their industrial use and increases their value, and also
ensures the genetic homogeneity of the varieties [3].
Purpose of the study
: The purpose of the study is to
create new varieties of safflower that are resistant to
diseases and pests, and have a high oil content in the
seeds, for sowing in rainfed conditions.
METHODS
The study was carried out on rainfed conditions at the
Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, all analyzes
and calculations were carried out on the basis of
introduced methods.
The study of world collections and breeding materials
was carried out according to the methodology of VIR
(1976)
Moscow.
Phenological
observations,
assessments and analyzes for various indicators in field
and laboratory conditions were carried out on the basis
of methodological recommendations of the State
Commission for Varietal Testing of Oilseeds. Issue three
(1983). Statistical analysis of the digital results obtained
in the experiments was performed according to the
method of B.A. Dospehova (1985) [4].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sowing experiments were carried out in the first and
second half of March (March 16-21) at optimal times.
During the period from germination to full ripening,
branching, budding, flowering, resistance to rust and
pests
and
the
timing
of
full
ripening,
safloraphenological observations were carried out
according to the methods.
Sowing of variety samples in collection and selection
nurseries was carried out on an area of 1 m2 according
to the number of seeds, by hand planting from 1 row to
2 meters in length, a standard variety was sown after
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
16
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
10 rows.
In the year under study, weather conditions in March
were somewhat unfavorable compared to previous
years (-39.9 mm of precipitation during the growing
season), while the amount of precipitation in this
month (87.2 mm) compared to the long-term average
(65.0 mm), +22.2 mm more, but in April more (53.6
mm) than the annual norm (21.6 mm), less than the
average air temperature, low temperatures were
noted. During the growing season, the total amount of
annual precipitation was 322.1 mm, and it was
observed that the precipitation varied according to the
development of crop elements (the number of
branches, the number of baskets, the number of seeds
in the basket).
Table 1.
Economically valuable characteristics of safflower in the collection
nursery
(Gallaaral , 2024y)
№
Sample number, origin
G
row
ing sea
son,
da
y
In one plant
P
roduc
ti
vit
y
c/ha
W
eight
of 10
00
gra
ins,
g
P
lant he
ight
, c
m
He
ight
main
bra
nc
he
s,
cm
Numbe
r of
ba
ske
ts, pcs.
S
ee
d
ba
ske
t
pc
s
1
Jizzak-1 st.
118
85,2
21,4
9
17
7,1
32,4
2
Nc76744 (Aljir)
114
70,9
27,0
12
21
7,9
32,8
3
Nc76749 (Avstraliya)
118
80,5
25,8
10
26
8,9
33,6
4
Nc76751 (Kazakistan)
114
75,1
31,0
14
32
8,2
31,8
5
K-76749 (Avstriya)
112
78,4
29,3
12
28
7,9
32,3
6
K-76754 (Polsha))
114
70,5
23,0
15
34
8,5
35,1
7
K-76750 (Marokko)
116
75,5
21,4
12
28
6,7
33,2
8
K-30811 (Azerbayjan)
112
72,4
23,5
11
31
6,8
32,5
9
K-78485 (Fransiya)
107
69,1
27,6
15
36
8,7
34,8
10
K-33057 (Portugaliya)
110
71,2
26,5
13
38
7,8
33,5
11
Jizzak-1 st.
116
78,6
21,3
10
25
6,9
32,8
12
K-30723 (Uzbekiston)
108
78,8
29,4
12
34
7,3
31,5
13
K-30757 Meksika
106
71,8
23,9
10
33
7,0
34,2
14
K-78589 (Yegipet)
112
75,0
26,6
9
29
6,9
35,3
15
K-7826 (Avstraliya)
113
72,3
22,2
11
36
7,5
31,6
16
K-30818 (Polsha)
114
82,1
27,0
9
33
8,8
34,6
17
K-30740 (Marokko)
112
68,4
25,8
13
41
8,4
33,1
18
K-30757 (Pakiston)
108
70,5
24,1
12
34
7,7
36,6
19
K-30809
(Chexoslovakiya)
109
79,3
26,8
12
32
7,3
33,5
20
K-30773 (Efiopiya)
114
77,3
27,0
14
39
7,8
32,1
21
Jizzak-1 st.
118
71,4
21,4
12
31
7,2
32,6
22
K-30737 (Vengriya)
110
72,3
26,1
11
35
7,2
34,4
23
K-30744 (Avstraliya)
116
73,6
21,4
15
33
8,0
34,6
24
K-30692 (Afganistan)
116
69,5
26,7
12
32
7,3
35,7
25
K-30681 (Kazakistan)
114
77,6
26,0
13
39
8,1
34,3
26
K-30631(Tursiya)
116
73,4
22,3
16
34
8,2
35,8
27
K-30615 (Afganistan)
112
75,6
25,5
13
37
8,9
34,4
Based on the results of research in the collection
nursery, samples K-30757 (Pakistan), K-78589 (Egypt),
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
K-30692 (Afghanistan), K-30744 (Australia), K-30737
(Hungary), K. -30818 (Poland) were selected in
comparison with standard varieties Zhizzak-1 "0.8-1.8
c/ha higher (7.0 c/ha) by weight of 1000 seed grains
2.5-3.0 g higher. Also, the productivity of the main plant
(number of branches, number of baskets, number of
grains in baskets, height of the main stem), samples Nc-
76749 (Australia), Nc-76751 (Kazakhstan), K-76754
(Poland), K-78485 (France), K-30818 (Poland), K-30740
(Morocco), stood out. K-30744 (Australia), K-30681
(Kazakhstan), K-30631 (Turkey), K-30615 (Afghanistan),
K-30681 (Kazakhstan), K-30615 (Azerbaijan).
Safflower breeding nursery
: In the reporting year, 138
safflower samples were studied in the breeding
nursery. In the experiments carried out, the beginning
of plant germination (10%), complete germination
(75%), the beginning of budding, the beginning of
flowering (10%), full flowering (75%), seed ripening
(10%), the physiological development of seeds
(development time 75%) was determined in the field.
In the experiments, it was noticed that the number of
harvest baskets of varietal samples varies depending on
the quality of the agrotechnical measures used. Among
the 138 studied varietal samples in the safflower
breeding nursery, it was found that the number of
baskets on the plant was low in 29 (5-9), average in 52
(11-13) and high in 57 (14).
Table 2.
The main economically valuable characteristics of safflower in a breeding nursery.
(Gallaaral, 2024 y)
№
Sample varieties
name
Plant height
(cm)
Number of
branches per
plant (pcs.)
Number of
baskets per
plant (pcs.)
Productivity
c/ha
1
Jizzak-1
71,4
6
18
7,1
2
СП/5
75,6
7
17
8,6
3
СП/8
70,4
6
19
7,4
4
СП/14
73,6
8
21
8,0
5
СП/21
81,5
6
27
8,9
6
СП/35
72,4
7
17
7,8
7
СП/39
74,6
8
15
7,1
8
СП/41
86,3
9
13
6,9
9
СП/47
78,6
7
28
8,5
10
СП/56
68,9
6
20
7,5
11
Jizzak-1
70,2
7
16
7,4
12
СП/63
82,6
8
29
9,0
13
СП/78
75,9
7
16
6,7
14
СП/89
70,1
6
23
7,6
15
СП/91
78,9
5
24
8,3
16
СП/97
74,6
7
27
8,6
17
СП/111
86,7
9
19
7,5
18
СП/115
80,2
5
15
7,0
19
СП/118
82,5
7
18
8,7
20
СП/120
75,8
9
31
9,2
21
Jizzak-1
72,4
8
19
6,5
22
СП/131
75.8
7
28
9,1
23
СП/136
73,5
6
19
8,3
When studying the height of the plant samples,
varieties stood out as SP-111-86.7 cm, SP/25-81.5 cm,
SP/41-86.3 cm, SP/63-82.3 cm, compared to the
standard varieties Zhizzak-1 (above 8-12 cm).
In
terms of the number of baskets and yield, varieties SP-
97, SP-91, SP-21, SP-118, SP-131, SP-47, SP-120 and
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
SP136 (4-6 pieces) stood out; it has been proven that it
is more formed and the yield is higher by 1.5-1.8 c.
CONCLUSIONS
In the collection nursery of safflower, based on
phenological
observations
and
morphological
characteristics, including stem, leaf shape, shape of
fruit heads, cover with thorns, color of golden leaves.
Based on the research results, primary sources on
various areas of selection were extracted from them.
As a result of a comprehensive study of the samples, 18
samples were selected by the number of baskets, 12
samples by the productivity of one plant, 11 samples by
seed size, and 19 samples were selected. Considering
that the number of seed heads, the number of seeds
and the size of the seeds are one of the main and
important factors affecting yield, the number of seed
heads varies depending on the varieties and quality of
agricultural products. It was proven that the number of
heads per plant was low in 29 samples (5-9), medium in
52 samples (11-13) and high in 57 samples (14).
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