American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
8
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
8-12
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-03
Isolation of adaptive varieties of tomato and innovative
technologies for their cultivation on slightly saline soils
of the Bukhara region
Toshtemir Еshimovich Оstоnаkulоv
Dераrtmеnt оf аgrосhеmistry, fruit аnd vеgеtаblе grоwing аnd есоlоgy, Kаrshi Stаtе Univеrsity, Kаrshi, 700000, Uzbеkistаn
Gulshoda Anvar qizi Sаidоvа
Dосtоrаl studеnt, Rеsеаrсh Institutе оf Vеgеtаblеs, Mеlоns аnd Роtаtоеs, Tashkent, Uzbеkistаn, Bukhаrа Stаtе Univеrsity, Bukhаrа,
Uzbеkistаn
Аnvar Аkbarovich Shаmsiеv
Аssосiаtе Рrоfеssоr, Sаmаrkаnd Аgrоinnоvаtiоn's аnd Rеsеаrсh Univеrsity, Sаmаrkаnd, Uzbеkistаn
Received:
08 December 2024;
Accepted:
10 January 2025;
Published:
13 February 2025
Abstract:
The article presents the results of assessing the collection of tomato hybrid varieties in terms of early
maturity, adaptability, formation of the leaf surface, tops, root system and productivity, and as a result, high-
yielding, adaptive hybrid varieties and the improvement of the elements of agricultural technology for their
cultivation, such as irrigation regimes, fertilizer rates, planting patterns and standing density for slightly saline
soils. It was revealed that hybrid varieties of tomato were distinguished - Seraj F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1,
which formed tall plants (51.3- 60.2 cm), root weight - 124-144 g, tops - 473-574 g, fruit yield per bush
–
1525.5-
2470.5 g. These hybrid varieties provided the highest yield (67.8-109.8 t/ha). In the selected adaptive hybrid
varieties, the optimal soil moisture regime was not lower than 75-85-85% of the PSMC and the application of
fertilizers at the rate of 20 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha. At the same time, the yield of hybrid varieties
(48.6-88.1 t/ha), the yield per 1 m3 of water was the highest (5.7-9.8 kg), and the water consumption per 1 centner
of the crop was the 2-17.5 m3) and the content of nitrates in fruits did not exceed the recommended norm (44.7-
67.8 mg/kg). The optimal planting scheme was 90x25 cm, with a density of 44.4 thousand plants per 1 ha, where
it provided a high yield (25.3-90.0 tons).
Keywords:
Varieties of tomato, innovative technologies, Early maturity, adaptability, formation of the leaf surface,
tops, root system.
Introduction:
The Bukhara region of Uzbekistan is
characterized by specific soil and climatic conditions, a
low level of provision of the population with the
volume of tomato production, and the yield does not
exceed 20-22 tons from 1 hectare. The increase in
tomato yield under these conditions largely depends
on the selection of highly productive, adaptive,
resistant varieties to soil salinity, diseases and pests
and other extreme factors, the organization of
scientifically based local primary and elite seed
production, the development and widespread
introduction of the main elements of agricultural
cultivation technology, such as the timing of planting
seedlings, planting pattern and density of standing,
irrigation regime, fertilizer rates and others, the
solution of which is of great scientific and practical
importance. It is relevant that although the tomato is
the leading vegetable crop in the republic, the need has
not been satisfied to this day. The main reasons for this,
taking into account each soil-climatic region, the
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
9
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
assessment of the collection of various hybrid varieties,
that adaptive tomato hybrid varieties have not been
identified, the lack of high-quality varietal seeds [1-4].
The purpose of the study is to study the collection of
early, mid-early and mid-ripening tomato hybrid
varieties under the conditions of slightly saline soils of
the Bukhara region, to identify promising adaptive
hybrid varieties on their basis and by studying irrigation
regimes, norms of organic and mineral fertilizers,
planting patterns and standing density, improve
agricultural technology cultivation of selected hybrid
varieties.
METHODS
Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of
irrigated meadow alluvial soils of the farm “Khamroev
Khalil Bozorovich” of the Zhandor district of the
Bukhara region in the following areas:
Please follow these instructions as carefully as possible
so all articles within a conference have the same style
to the title page. This paragraph follows a section title
so it should not be indented.
Experience-1. Comprehensive assessment of the
collection of tomato hybrid varieties in terms of early
maturity, growth, development, formation of the leaf
surface area, tops, root system, fruit formation,
productivity, total and marketable yields by collections
and, on their basis, the selection of promising, adaptive
hybrid varieties for slightly saline meadow alluvial soils.
18 varieties and heterotic tomato hybrids were tested.
Plot area - 18 m2, 3-fold repetition. Planting of
seedlings with 5-7 true leaves was carried out according
to the scheme 90x25cm on April 5-12.
Experience-2. To study the selected varieties-hybrids of
tomato under the given conditions of growth,
development, bush formation, productivity, yield and
quality of the harvest under various irrigation regimes
and fertilizer rates.
In this field experiment, the selected tomato hybrid
varieties - Tomsk F1, Red stone, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1
were studied under two irrigation regimes for pre-
irrigation soil moisture of 65-75-75 and 75-85-85% of
the pre-irrigation soil moisture content (PSMC). In each
irrigation regime, 5 norms of fertilizers were studied
(N150P120K75, N200P160K100, 20 t/ha of manure +
N150P120K75, 20 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100, 20
t/ha of manure + N250P200K125 kg/ha).
Plot area for irrigation - 720 m2, for fertilizer - 144 m2,
3-fold repetition. Accounting for irrigation water was
carried out using the weir "Cipoletti". And the irrigation
rate was taken into account by the moisture deficit in
the soil layer (0-50, 0-70 and 0-100 cm).
Experience-3. To determine the influence of the
planting pattern and standing density on the growth,
productivity, total and marketable yield of the selected
tomato hybrid varieties. To do this, they were planted
and compared with each other according to the
scheme 90x30cm (control), 90x25cm, 90x20cm with a
standing density of 36.6, 44.4 and
55.5 thousand plants per 1 ha.
The plot area according to the planting scheme is 144
m2, and according to hybrid varieties - 36 m2, 3-fold
repetition. All records, observations, calculations and
analyzes on the experimental plot were carried out
according to the generally accepted methodology and
agro-recommendations [5-9].
All field experiments were laid in one field contour, the
soils of the experimental plot are characterized by a
humus content of 0.97-1.12%, gross nitrogen - 0.102-
0.115%, phosphorus - 0.171-0.188%, and potassium -
1.96-2.03 %, reaction in aqueous extract pH=7.2-7.3,
degree of salinity is slightly chloride (0.310-0.412%
chlorine ion).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The collection of hybrid varieties of tomato in terms of
growth, development, formation of the leaf surface
area, tops, roots, fruits, productivity indicators, harvest
yields and commercial yields differed significantly
(Table 1).
The data showed that the growing season, that is, the
period from planting seedlings to 1-harvest, in the
group of early-ripening hybrid varieties was 50-57 days,
in the group of medium-early hybrid varieties - 59-64
days, and in mid-season - 69-71 days. In the group of
early-ripening hybrids, all hybrid varieties differed from
the standard variety Mustaqillik-28 by fruit ripening 1-
7 days earlier, in the group of medium-early hybrid
varieties, only the Terra Cotta F1 hybrid had a
vegetative period of 59 days, and in the standard
variety Volgogradsky 5/95 - 60 days. days, and in other
hybrid varieties studied, the growing season was 2-4
days longer. In the group of mid-ripening varieties, the
duration of the growing season was at the level of the
standard, only in the hybrid H2274 F1 - 71 days, that is,
2 days longer.
Table 1. Growth, development, productivity, productivity and marketability of
fruits of varieties (hybrids) of tomato on slightly saline soils (2022-2024)
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
№
Va
rie
ty
n
ame
(hybr
id)
a
nd
o
ri
g
in
grow
ing
se
ason,
in
da
ys
P
lant
he
ight
,
cm
(d
u
ri
ng
f
lo
we
ri
ng
)
Weight from 1 bush, g
W
eight
of
1
fr
uit
fr
om a bush, g
To
tal
yield,
t/
h
a
ro
o
ts
h
au
lm
fr
u
it
s
the
ra
ti
o
of
fr
uit
s
and
t
o
p
s
Early varieties
1.
Mustaqillik-28(st.)
53
46,0
105
460 859,5
1:1,8 139,0
38,2
2.
Ogastin (DE)
57
49,3
116
479 949,5
1:1,9 217,2
42,2
3.
Lojain F1(NL) (ст.)
50
51,3
124
473 1525,5 1:3,6 197,4
67,8
4.
Tomck F1(NL)
54
60,2
144
574 2470,5 1:4,0 329,6
109,8
5.
Bobcat F1(NL)
54
55,7
130
510 2119,5 1:4,1 277,3
94,2
6.
Seraj F1(NL)
54
57,2
135
546 2025,0 1:3,7 358,3
90,0
Mid-early varieties
7.
Rio-grandе(NL)(ст.)
62
34,6
104
466 929,3
1:1,9 127,6
41,6
8.
Volgogradsky 5/95(RU) 60
43,5
112
450 573,8
1:1,5 137,1
28,2
9.
Red stone (USA)
64
46,0
126
490 1035,0 1:2
153,0
45,6
10.
Yusupov(UZ)
61
36,0
130
516 753,8
1:1,6 315,5
34,4
11.
Vostok (UZ)
64
36,2
103
464 623,3
1:1,6 84,8
30,9
12.
BT 1019 F1 (TR) (ст.) 59
48,2
102
475 299,3
1:0,08 30,2
14,2
13.
Terra cotta F1(NL)
59
49,9
127
502 785,3
1:1,4 183,2
34,0
14.
Wolverine F1(NL)
61
50,7
129
510 918,0
1:1 243,2
39,1
Mid-season varieties
15.
Floradade (US)(ст.)
69
47,2
144
486 877,5
1:2
106,1
41,6
16
Campbell (DE)
69
45,9
117
485 821,3
1:1,9 253,9
39,0
17.
Н2274 F1 (TR)(ст.)
71
46,3
120
490 720,0
1:1,8 103,4
35,0
18
Pink trind F1(NL)
71
52,0
134
545 990,0
1:1,8 225,0
44,4
The group of early-ripening hybrid varieties from other
groups of hybrid varieties had relatively tall, branched,
with a high leaf surface area, powerful tops, root
system and fruit yield. Tomato hybrid varieties - Bobcat
F1, Lojain F1, Tomsk F1, Seraj F1 were especially
distinguished by these indicators. At the same time,
plant height was 51.3-60.2 cm, fruit yield per bush
–
1525,5-2470,5 g, where the ratio of fruits and tops
differed 1:3.6-4.1. Relatively high growth and
productivity indicators were observed in the mid-early
variety Red stone, mid-season variety Floradade,
hybrid Pink trind F1, where the yield of fruits per bush
was 877.5-1035.0 g, the ratio of fruits and tops was
1:1.8-2.0. In the studied tomato hybrid varieties, the
average weight of fruits varied significantly, the largest
fruits (147.4-329.6 g) were obtained from hybrids Seraj
F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Pink trind F1. The Floradade
variety had an average fruit weight of 106.1 g, while the
Red stone variety had an average fruit weight of 153.0
g. Under the conditions of slightly saline soils from the
studied tomato varieties in the group of early ripe
hybrid varieties, the highest yield was provided by the
hybrids Tomck F1
–
109.8 t/ha, Bobcat F1
–
94.2 t/ha,
Seraj F1
–
90.0 t/ha, Lojain F1
–
67.8 t/ha. The early
maturing variety Augustin, the mid- early variety Red
stone, the mid-season variety Floradade, the hybrid
Pink trind F1 yielded 41.6-44.4 tons per hectare. And in
other tested hybrid varieties, the yield was at the level
of the standard variety, that is, 30.9-41.6 t/ha, the
lowest yield (14.2 t/ha) was noted in the hybrid BT 1019
F1.
Thus, relative to salt tolerance, growth, development,
formation of a powerful leaf surface, tops, root system,
productivity and yield by collection, as well as precocity
and adaptability, tomato hybrid varieties - Seraj F1,
Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1, Red stone, Pink trind F1
(Figure 1).
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Fig. 1. General view of the fruits of selected adaptive varieties - tomato hybrids.
Under the conditions of irrigated meadow alluvial
slightly saline soils, the growth, development,
formation of productivity and marketable yields in
selected hybrid varieties of tomato are the main
determining factor is the optimization of the irrigation
regime and fertilizer rates.
In order to establish optimal irrigation regimes and
fertilizer rates, we have studied irrigation regimes for
pre-irrigation soil moisture of 65-75-75 and 75-85-85%
of the PSMC and in each of these, 5 fertilizer rates were
studied, i.e. N150P120K75, N200P160K100, 20 t/ha of
manure + N150P120K75, 20 t/ha of manure +
N200P160K100 and 20 t/ha of manure +
N250P200K125 kg/ha.
It has been established that in the selected tomato
hybrid varieties, optimal for growth, formation, tall,
with the largest leaf surface area, powerful tops, root
system, the highest productivity rates were noted while
maintaining the irrigation regime for pre-irrigation soil
moisture not lower than 75-85-85% of the PSMC and
application of organomineral fertilizers at a rate of 20
t/ha of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha.
At the same time, the highest yield was achieved in
tomato hybrid varieties (Tomck F1
–
88.1 t/ha, Bobcat
F1 - 72.7 t/ha, Lojain F1
–
77.9 t/ha, Red stone
–
48.6
t/ha ), the yield per 1 m3 of irrigation water was the
highest for the Red stone variety - 5.7; hybrid Tomck F1
-
9.8; Bobcat F1 - 9.7 and Lojain F1 - 8.0 kg, or the
consumption of irrigation water per 1 quintal of crop
was the lowest (10.2-17.5 m3), and in fruits the nitrate
content did not exceed the recommended norm and
was within 44.72-67.18 mg/kg.
It was revealed that in order to obtain a yield of 45-80
t/ha and more in the selected adaptive varieties and
hybrids of tomato, it is necessary to maintain pre-
irrigation soil moisture at least 75-85-85% of the PSMC
and apply organomineral fertilizers at a rate of 20 t/ha
of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha. To maintain the
irrigation regime for pre-irrigation soil moisture at the
level of 75-85-85% of the PSMC, 20 irrigations are
necessary according to the 2-3-15 scheme ("planting
seedlings - flowering" - 2 times, "flowering - fruiting" -
3 times and "fruiting -harvesting" - 15 irrigations) with
an irrigation rate of 500-600 m3/ha and an interval
every 5-11 days, an irrigation rate of 8200-8700 m3.
In slightly saline soils, one of the main factors
determining the yield of a tomato is planting patterns
and planting density. Preservation, ensuring the
density of standing from salinity and adverse climatic
factors and maintaining soil moisture at an optimal
level largely depends on the row spacing and planting
patterns. Taking this into account, we have
comparatively studied planting schemes of 90x30 cm
(control), 90x25 and 90x20 cm with a standing density
of 37.0, 44.4 and 55.5 thousand plants per 1 ha,
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
respectively, in the selected adapted Red stone tomato
hybrid varieties, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1 Mustaqillik-28 and
Volgogradsky 5/95 (st.).
The highest yield of hybrid varieties 25.3-90.0 t/ha with
a large mass of marketable fruits (85.8-214.2 g) was
observed with a scheme of 90x25 cm with a density of
44.4 thousand plants per 1 ha. When planting seedlings
90x20 cm with a density of 55.5 thousand plants per 1
ha, the yield increases, but within the Least Significant
Difference the increase did not exceed 2.5 t/ha.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Seraj F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1 differed in
early ripe tomato hybrid varieties. Plant height was
51.3-60.2 cm, weight of roots (124-144 g), tops ), the
yield of fruits from the bush (1525.5- 2470.5 g), that the
ratio of fruits and tops was 1: 3.6-4.1. Relatively high
growth and productivity indicators were observed in
the mid-early variety Red stone, mid-season variety
Floradade, hybrid Pink trind F1, where the yield of fruits
per bush was 877.5-1035.0 g, the ratio of fruits and tops
was 1:1.8-2.0. In the studied tomato hybrid varieties,
the average weight of fruits varied significantly, and the
largest fruits (147.4-329.6 g) were noted in the hybrids
Seraj F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Pink trind F1. The
highest yield was provided by early ripe tomato hybrids
- Tomck F1 (109.8 t/ha), Bobcat F1 (94.2 t/ha), Seraj F1
(90.0 t/ha), Lojain F1 (67.8 t/ha). The early ripe variety
Augustin, mid-early variety Red stone, mid-season
variety Floradade, hybrid Pink trind F1 yielded 41.6-
44.4 tons per hectare.
2. Under the conditions of weakly saline soils, the main
factor determining the growth and development of
plants, the formation of productivity and marketable
yields in selected adaptive tomato hybrid varieties is
the optimization of the irrigation regime and fertilizer
rates. It was revealed that in the selected hybrid
varieties of tomato, favorable for growth, the
formation of the largest leaf surface area, a powerful
root system and tops, were noted under the irrigation
regime for pre-irrigation soil moisture of at least 75-85-
85% of the PSMC and the application of organomineral
fertilizers at a rate of 20 t/ha manure+N200P160K100
kg/ha. At the same time, the highest yield was provided
by tomato hybrid varieties (Tomck F1
–
88.1 t/ha,
Bobcat F1
–
72.7 t/ha, Lojain F1
–
77.9 t/ha, Red stone
–
48.6 t/ha), the yield per 1 m3 of irrigation water was
the highest (5.7-9.8 kg) or the consumption of irrigation
water per 1 quintal of crop was the lowest (10.7-17.5
m3), and the content of nitrates in fruits did not exceed
recommended norm and amounted to 44.72-
67.18 mg/kg.
3. In slightly saline soils, one of the factors determining
the yield of tomato is the planting pattern and standing
density. Preservation and provision of standing density
from salinity and adverse climatic factors and
maintaining soil moisture at an optimal level largely
depends on the row spacing and planting patterns. It
has been established that under the conditions of
slightly saline soils, the planting scheme of 90x25 cm
with a density of 44.4 thousand plants per 1 ha turned
out to be optimal for the selected adaptive tomato
hybrid varieties. At the same time, the highest yield was
obtained for varieties and hybrids (25.31-90.0 t/ha).
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