American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
18
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
18-20
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-05
The Influence of Efficiency of Various Schemes of Grain
Crops Rotations on Rainfed Conditions of Uzbekistan
B.D.Khaydarov
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
S.S.Rustamov
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Bakhmals Scientific Experimental Station, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Z.A.Ochilov
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Bakhmals Scientific Experimental Station, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
J.A.Nishonov
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 February 2025;
Accepted:
22 March 2025;
Published:
25 April 2025
Abstract:
The use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas
are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective
use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops. The use of an optimal system
of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and
high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming conditionsThe use of minimal and resource-saving soil
cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and
quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and
increasing the yield of grain crops. The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most
important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in
rainfed farming conditions.
Keywords:
Rainfed farming, soil, crop rotation, resource-saving technology, tillage, zero tillage, flat cutter, soil
density, clean fallow, precipitation, productive stems, number of weeds, amount of grain, yield, economic
efficiency.
Introduction:
Relevance of the topic
. The use of an
optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the
most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for
obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other
products in rainfed farming conditions.
Currently, the area of rainfed arable land in Uzbekistan
is more than 750 thousand hectares and the main crops
of grains, legumes and other crops are located on gray
soils, occupying the territory between altitudes from
200 to 1500-1800 m above sea level. In all vertical
zones, specific features of climatic conditions are
clearly manifested: periodic precipitation and the
presence of two hydrothermal phases - a wet, warm
spring and a dry, hot summer. As the area rises above
sea level, the air temperature improves, the biomass of
plants increases and the intensity of microbiological
processes noticeably decreases.
The average annual precipitation in the lower part of
the rainfed region varies between 250-400 mm (plain
and plain-hilly zones) and in the upper zone from 400
to 600 mm or more (foothill and mountain zones).
Through many years of research carried out in the 60-
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
70s at the former Uzbekistan Research Institute of
Rainfed Agriculture, a system for cultivating rainfed
soils was developed (G.A. Lavronov, V.I. Korobov, 1969,
1979, etc.). This tillage system primarily involves annual
moldboard plowing of the soil at a depth of 20-22 cm.
However, in their opinion, in some conditions,
especially with the introduction of scientifically based
schemes of grain-fallow crop rotation, minimal
moldboard-free cultivation with flat-cutting and disk
implements is not inferior in efficiency to moldboard
plowing by 20-22 cm and can reduce production costs
by almost 1.5-2 times.
Currently, research on the development and
improvement of soil protection systems for the
treatment of rain-fed gray soils has been carried out
extremely poorly.
In this regard, we studied the effectiveness of multi-
depth tillage systems using minimal and “Zero
technology” (no till) without main tillage with direct
sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the soil
with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” and their effect on
the yield of winter wheat in the links of grain-fallow
crop rotation in the conditions of a semi-sufficient flat-
hill rainfed zone.
METHODOLOGY
Methodology and conditions for conducting research
.
The research was carried out at the Central
Experimental Base of the Research Institute of Rainfed
Agriculture.
The soils of the experimental plot are typical gray soils,
medium loamy typical gray soils. The content of organic
matter (humus) in the 0-22 cm layer is 0.55-0.85%,
gross nitrogen - 0.056-0.067%, 0.06-0.08% total
nitrogen and potassium -0.9-1.4%. The soils are
insufficiently provided with digestible forms of
nitrogen, moderately provided with mobile phosphates
and
sufficiently
provided
with
exchangeable
potassium.
RESULTS
Research conducted in various soil and climatic
conditions has established that during non-moldboard
shallow tillage with flat cutters, disc harrows, the bulk
density, microaggregate composition of the soil and
other water-physical properties of the soil change
slightly in comparison with moldboard plowing (N.R.
Nikulin, V.N. Shamray, 1986; A. Kireev, 1989, etc.).
It is known that soil moisture under rainfed farming
conditions is the main limiting factor in plant life.
A.I. Baraev (1968), I.E. Shcherbak (1974) note that soil-
protective tillage with flat cutters and other
implements contributes to more intensive absorption
of precipitation by the soil and, consequently, the
creation of higher moisture reserves.
The grain yield of wheat coming after chickpeas for all
years of research was higher than the control variant by
0.38 t/ha (151%) and the second wheat in pure fallow.
The average wheat grain yield for a three-field grain-
fallow crop rotation was 1.13 t/ha, which is 0.08 t/ha
lower than for a two-field crop rotation. The efficiency
of pure fallows was as high as in two-field crop rotation.
The average wheat grain yield in pure fallow for 7
rotations of three-field crop rotation was 1.39 t/ha,
which is 193% higher than monocultures. Chickpeas in
this crop rotation scheme were also a good
predecessor for wheat, providing an average increase
in grain yield of 0.33 t/ha.
Direct sowing of wheat seeds, “Zero technology” (no
till) without main treatment with direct sowing of
winter and spring wheat seeds in the soil with a Turkish
“AGROLEAD” seeder provided an increase in grain yield
of 0.8 c/ha or 111% compared to the control option.
Based on three years of research, the following
conclusions can be drawn:
Conclusions
1. In the conditions of a semi-sufficient rainfed zone,
the use of zero tillage is effective only in the links of
grain-fallow crop rotation with short rotation (pure
fallow-wheat-wheat);
2
. Relatively high yields of wheat grain with “Zero
technology” (no till) wit
hout main treatment with
direct sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the
soil with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” in comparison
with moldboard plowing of 20-22 cm carried out in the
fall is due to the greater density of plant standing and
the water regime of the soil.
3. Leguminous crops (chickpeas) in the semi-sufficient
rainfed zone are good predecessors for wheat due to
their nitrogen-fixing ability.
REFERENCES
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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