American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
6
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
6-8
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02
Studying the State of External Respiration in Adolescents
Under the Conditions of The Republic of Uzbekistan
Ilyasova G.K.
Institute for Scientific and Methodological Support, Training and Retraining of Specialists in Physical Culture and Sports of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan
Rzaev Raxat Muratbaevich
Head of the Department of "Veterinary Diagnostics and Food Safety" of the Nukus Branch of the Samarkand State University of
Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan
Received:
13 March 2025;
Accepted:
09 April 2025;
Published:
11 May 2025
Abstract:
It has been established that the voluntary increase in lung ventilation during rest is carried out by
students within a fairly wide range, both due to the acceleration of breathing and due to the increase in respiratory
volume. Assessment of adolescent div reactions to muscle loads in sports activities revealed the presence of
conditions of relative hypoxia and hypercapnia. This likely served as the basis for the formation of mechanisms
for stable adaptation to changes in the div's internal environment while significantly increasing the effectiveness
of pulmonary ventilation.
Keywords:
Adaptation, adolescent div, functional reserves, environment, respiratory volume, reaction
assessment.
Introduction:
The rate of change in div size, the
functional characteristics of organs and systems, does
not remain constant throughout the individual
development of the organism, but changes regularly
[1]. Studying the activity of various functional systems
of children and adolescents in changing environmental
conditions is relevant not only because the developing
child's organism is highly susceptible to its influence,
but also because these influences largely determine the
course of its further development. Stressful stimuli of
the external environment, including muscle work,
change the magnitude and nature of the adaptive
reactions of the child's div.
The process of the formation of individual functional
systems of the organism in ontogenesis goes through
several phases, and the quality of ensuring a beneficial
result for the organism depends on how mature the
specific executive mechanisms in specific functional
systems are. The interaction of a child's div with the
environment has its own peculiarities and patterns. The
process of formation of individual functional systems of
the div in ontogenesis goes through several phases,
and the quality of ensuring a beneficial result for the
div will depend on how mature certain executive
mechanisms in specific functional systems are. The
interaction of a child's div with the environment has
its own peculiarities and patterns. [1]
The main characteristic of the child's div is the
continuity
of
morphological
and
functional
development, which is carried out in accordance with
the genetic program of the individual's development,
embedded in their hereditary apparatus. However, a
child's organism, which is in the process of
development, is more susceptible to the influence of
various factors, quickly and sharply responds to
changes
in
the
environment.
Growth
and
differentiation processes in the child's div determine
their high sensitivity to changes in environmental
influences,
and
the
realization
of
potential
opportunities is carried out directly depending on
environmental conditions. Studying the problem of the
functional state of the respiratory system under mental
activity conditions is one of the leading areas in age-
related physiology. Its solution is necessary for
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
understanding the patterns of the child's div's
adaptation to changing internal and external
environmental conditions, compensatory reactions,
and functional restructuring related to the div's
growth and age. Assessing the adequacy of the mental
loads used requires a deep understanding of the age-
related characteristics of the respiratory system's
function, its mechanisms, and regulation, which
contributes to the proper organization of the regime in
children's institutions, the dosage of physical loads, and
the development of tools and methods for preventing
lung diseases in children.
The purpose of our research is to study the influence of
learning load intensity on the functional state of the
respiratory system in middle school-aged students.
During the work, 100 schoolchildren aged 15-17 years
were examined. R. Karakalpakstan): 50 girls and 50
boys.
Despite numerous studies on the problems of studying
the adaptation systems of modern children, however,
a number of issues have not been discussed or
comprehensively considered within a narrow range of
ontogenesis. In recent years, most of the works of
modern researchers have been devoted to the physical
development of children [3] and the results of complex
functional studies are presented much less. Currently,
the ecological conditions of the Southern Aral Sea
region (including the Republic of Karakalpakstan) have
significantly deteriorated in recent years. According to
a number of specialists [1, 2], the state of public health
continues to deteriorate significantly across a range of
indicators. The greatest changes occurred in the health
indicators of children, who, due to the imperfection of
the div's defense forces, were the first among other
population groups to react to the unfavorable
environmental situation in the region.
The peculiarities of physiological shifts occurring in the
respiratory system under static stress, the rapid onset
of fatigue, make them an important object of study,
especially in the adaptation process of schoolchildren.
The analysis of the obtained data shows that in
schoolchildren
studying
in
the
Republic
of
Karakalpakstan at the beginning of the academic year,
after the veloergometric load, all the studied
parameters of the external respiratory system changed
insignificantly. After the conducted dynamic exertion in
boys at the beginning of the academic year, it was
revealed that the maximum respiratory volume
increased due to an increase in respiratory frequency.
During the conducted research, it was also established
that isometric work at the beginning of the academic
year led to a decrease in the values of most external
respiratory indicators in boys of the first year of study.
A decrease in the value of minute respiratory volume
(MRP) to 8.57+0.61 l/min (p<0.01) was observed due to
the establishment of respiratory rate (RR).Studying the
mechanisms of adolescent organism adaptation to
dynamically changing environmental factors is one of
the priority tasks of physiological science. Functional
reserves of the organism are understood as the
adaptive and compensatory ability of an organ, system,
and organism as a whole, developed during evolution,
to significantly increase the intensity of its activity
compared to a state of relative rest [1, 2]. At the same
time, the effectiveness of adaptation can be
significantly increased by using additional functional
loads on the div as a whole or on its individual
functional systems, for example, breathing at rest and
during muscle work. Analysis of div mass parameters
showed that the lowest level was recorded in
adolescents from the Karauzak district - 55.64±0.76 kg,
and the highest weight was noted in adolescents from
the city of Nukus - 65.7±0.82 kg. As a result of the
conducted research, it was revealed that the voluntary
increase in lung ventilation at rest is carried out by
students engaged in sports within a fairly wide range,
both due to the acceleration of respiration and due to
the increase in respiratory volume.
It can be assumed that voluntary hyperventilation,
accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of
the respiratory muscles and an inevitable shift of gas
homeostasis towards hypocapnia, causes, on the one
hand, an increase in regulatory influences, primarily of
a voluntary nature, on the external respiratory system,
and on the other hand, the desire of natural regulatory
mechanisms to optimize the functioning of the external
respiratory apparatus in adolescents living in the
conditions
of
Karakalpakstan.
Voluntary
hyperventilation, as well as voluntary hypoventilation,
is carried out during physical exertion, leading to a
decrease in the optimal functioning of the div's
systems. It seems to us that this is a reflection of
competitive regulatory influences, on the one hand -
neurohumoral mechanisms of respiratory regulation,
and on the other - mechanisms of voluntary control of
pulmonary ventilation.
As the conducted studies showed, assessing the
reactions of the adolescent div to muscle loads in
sports activities revealed the presence of conditions of
relative hypoxia and hypercapnia. This likely served as
the basis for the formation of mechanisms for stable
adaptation to changes in the div's internal
environment while significantly increasing the
effectiveness of pulmonary ventilation.
Thus, we note that voluntary influences on the
respiratory function of external respiration, apparently,
to a certain extent disrupt the coordination of the
activity of various div systems and lead to a
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
8
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
disruption of their optimal functioning. It has also been
established that the systematic use of voluntary
hypoventilation in the training process of adolescent
sports training allows for a significant increase in the
level of aerobic performance and maximum physical
performance.
For ventilation to occur, the child's div needs more
effort to overcome resistance in the respiratory tract.
For a general understanding of external respiratory
work, we can cite information that the total work of
respiratory muscles at rest in 8-year-old children is 0.38
kgm/min, and the elastic work component is 72.2%.
The decrease in respiratory muscles' elastic work
indicators at different ages is mainly associated with
increased lung tissue extensibility, which in 8-year-old
schoolchildren is 46.7 ml/cm3 of water, and in 13
–
14-
year-old children - 120.8 ml/cm3 of water [3, 5]. The
study revealed that the isometric load had a different
effect on the cardiovascular system of girls and boys.
In girls, there is a significant increase in stroke and
minute blood volume, as well as an increase in systolic,
diastolic, and pulse blood pressure indicators. In boys,
these changes were less pronounced. These
differences, in our opinion, can be explained by the
peculiarities of the reaction of heart rate variability
indicators in girls and boys to isometric load. In boys,
their dynamics clearly indicated the predominance of
the parasympathetic regulatory channel. Thus, it can be
noted that in adolescents born and living in unfavorable
environmental conditions of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, a slight excess of indicators in the
functioning of the adaptive respiratory system was
revealed.
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T.L. Reaction of the Cardiorespiratory System of First
Grade Students to Different Types of Load During the
Academic Year // Kazan Medical Journal.- 2008.-
Vol.89.- No 6.- pp. 8330-834.
Solopov A.I., Gorbaneva E.P., Vlasov A.A., Voskresensky
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