Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
56
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the description of one of the ways to improve the mechanization of sowing, namely, precise
sowing in a clustered way. It is analyzed that precise sowing provides a given placement of plants over the area and
makes it possible increase productivity, to reduce labor costs for thinning plants, seed consumption and operating
costs of the aggregates. Data are presented on the mechanization of sowing row crops in Uzbekistan, on the main
advantages and disadvantages of the applied mechanical and pneumatic planters. It is noted that industrial pneumatic
feed mechanisms do not meet the increased quality requirements for clustered sowing of cotton seeds in Uzbekistan
and are one of the factors limiting the widespread introduction of intensive technology. An analysis is given of the
need to develop a pneumatic feed mechanism for precise sowing of row crops in a clustered way for the soil and
climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the justification of its parameters. The data on the study of the technological
process of sowing and the refinement of the parameters obtained in analytical calculations are presented. According
to the results of experimental studies and tests, the correctness of the theoretical premises and the performance of
the experimental feed mechanism were checked. The optimization of the main parameters and operating mode of
the feed mechanism for precise sowing in a clustered way has been carried out. The data obtained in the experiments
were processed using the PLANEXР program developed for the Personal Computer and regression equations were
obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria. Therefore, to ensure maximum accuracy of sowing cotton
seeds and perform the required quality of work at aggregate operating speeds of 1.66-2.24 m / s, the number of
revolutions of the sowing disc should be 23.87-27.62 rpm, and the installation height of the feed mechanism should be
within 9.02-9.24 cm. With these values of the factors, criterion Y1, i.e. the number of seeds in the cluster is 3.03-3.28
pieces, criterion Y2, i.e. the distance between the clusters is 14.00-15.57 cm, and criterion Y3, i.e., the length of the
clusters is in the range of 0.95-1.12 cm, which meets the agrotechnical requirements.
KEYWORDS
Therefore, to ensure maximum accuracy of sowing cotton seeds and perform.
Research Article
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE PNEUMATIC PLANTING
APPARATUS FOR PLANTING COTTON
Submission Date:
December 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 25, 2023,
Published Date:
December 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue12-11
M.T.Saidova
Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, University St. 2,100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
57
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
INTRODUCTION
In cotton growing, in order to obtain high yields of raw
cotton and reduce labor costs, great importance is
attached to the further improvement of technology
and the mechanization of cotton sowing. The
development of sowing methods is aimed at increasing
the uniformity of the distribution of seeds and plants
over the area of the field, which, other things being
equal, certainly provides an increase in yield. However,
the uniform distribution of seeds over the area does
not always correspond to the uniform distribution of
plants, which depends on a number of other factors:
the quality of seeds and the conditions for their
germination, the death of some plants from diseases
and pests, etc. Nevertheless, most researchers
associate the increase in the uniformity of the
distribution of plants over the area and, accordingly,
the yield with the uniform placement of seeds.
With the improvement of farming culture, which
provides for the creation of conditions for high field
germination of seeds and the normal development of
plants, including the use of effective methods of their
protection, the uniform distribution of plants along the
row is determined by the following main factors: soil
and climatic conditions, the design and operation of
the sowing feed mechanism, quality seed material,
crop cultivation technology. One of the ways to
improve the mechanization of sowing is the
introduction of precision sowing, which has a number
of advantages over conventional sowing. Precise
sowing provides a given distribution of plants over the
area. With precise sowing, a given placement of plants
over the area and full-fledged seedlings are ensured
with a low consumption of seed, which makes it
possible to reduce labor costs for thinning plants and
operating costs of the aggregates. It should be noted
that thinning is the most important agricultural
technique, because any delay in thinning leads to
stunted growth, lag in plant development and crop
maturation [1].
1.1.
Precise sowing of cotton
Precise sowing or sowing cotton with a given number
of seeds in a cluster, began to be used quite a long time
ago, but until recently this method has not been widely
used, due to the imperfection of precision sowing feed
mechanisms and the low quality of seed preparation.
Until recently, SCHX-4A and STX-4 seeders with
mechanical sowing feed mechanisms were widely used
in the cotton-sowing zone, in which the selection of a
given number of seeds per cluster is carried out by
cellular disks. The advantage of these devices is the
possibility of sowing seeds of various industrial crops.
Changing the sowing and clustering discs and changing
the speed of the drive shaft allow to adjust the spacing
and the number of seeds in the cluster. It should be
noted that these seeders are obsolete, and their
sowing feed mechanisms have a number of
shortcomings. The cells of the sowing discs are very
sensitive to the dimensional characteristics of the
seeds, which makes it necessary to carefully calibrate
the seed, in which about 15% of the seeds suitable for
sowing go to waste [2]. Mechanical sowing feed
mechanisms have a bulky set of sowing discs for each
fraction of the seed.
For sowing tilled crops in Uzbekistan, seeders are used,
the dosing device of which is disk vacuum-type sowing
machines with a horizontal or inclined axis of rotation.
Vertical-disc sowing feed mechanisms with a horizontal
axis of rotation are installed on many foreign-made
pneumatic planters. The most common models of this
type are the planters Schmotzer (Germany),
Sönmezler and Daichi (Turkey), Case1200, New Holland
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
58
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
(USA), Gaspardo (Italy) and others [3]. They gained
popularity for the simplicity of the design solution
providing a low seed drop height of up to 30-40 mm
with the opposite direction of seed ejection in relation
to the direction of movement of the planter.
Pneumatic seeders imported from abroad in many
respects meet the basic requirements for the quality of
dotted sowing of loose seeds. However, during the
operation of planters, there is an increased clogging of
the suction holes with seed, as well as a low quality of
single selection as a result of insufficiently reliable
separation of “extra” seeds, which is one of the
reasons for the disruption of the technological process
and the stability of single-grain seeding. During the
operation of these planters, seed crushing reaches 5%,
and the ejection speed is up to 0.3 m/s, which is much
less than the speed of the sowing aggregate [4]. The
quality indicators of seed distribution during sowing
are significantly lower than other similar seeders (the
coefficient of variation in seed distribution in a row is
about 45% at an aggregate speed of 2 m/s and a seeding
rate of up to 15 pcs/m). Because of this, the distribution
of seeds in a row is transformed, and the uneven
placement of plants leads to a crop shortfall [5;6]. The
main disadvantage is that these planters do not
provide precise seeding of cotton in the soil and
climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. Industrial pneumatic
sowing feed mechanisms do not meet the increased
quality requirements for clustered sowing of cotton
seeds and are one of the factors limiting the
widespread introduction of intensive technology.
At present, clustered sowing with cotton seeds is used
by 30-35% (in Uzbekistan). And exact sowing on 7 - 10%
of the area occupied by cotton. The latter is explained
mainly due to the shortcomings in the technology of
preparing bare seeds and the lack of perfection of
existing
precision
planters.
The
widespread
introduction of precision seeding of cotton into
production is an important national economic task, the
solution of which is impossible without extensive
scientific research aimed at improving agricultural
technology, sowing technology, parameters of
working bodies and mechanisms of planters. Previous
studies in the field of technology and mechanization of
cotton sowing are mostly experimental and cover only
certain particular issues of this problem. The
agrotechnical and technological requirements for the
process of precision sowing and the quality of the work
of the working bodies and mechanisms of the seeder
have not been sufficiently clarified. There are not
enough theoretical developments and generalizations
that explain the regularities of the processes
performed by the planter and allow to substantiate the
optimal parameters and operating modes of the
working bodies and outline the prospects for their
further improvement.
The greatest effect of the clustered sowing method is
provided when a given number of seeds are sown in
the clusters, calculated to obtain the required number
of plants, i.e. with precise sowing. Precise sowing is
possible only when using bare calibrated seeds with
good flow ability and uniformity in size. In this case,
due to the higher uniformity of sowing, the
consumption of seeds for sowing can be reduced by 2.5
- 3 times, and the labor costs for thinning seedlings can
be reduced by about 3 times. Therefore, the
development of a modern, energy-saving pneumatic
sowing feed mechanism for precise sowing of row
crops seeds in a clustered way for the soil and climatic
conditions of Uzbekistan and the justification of its
parameters require special studies.
1.2.
Optimization of the main parameters and
operating mode of the pneumatic sowing feed
mechanism for precise clustered sowing of seeds.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
59
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Agricultural machines and aggregates are complex and
varied. Their work processes, as a rule, proceed under
changing conditions and depend on a large number of
interrelated variables, the analytical description of
which is not always possible. Therefore, when studying
such processes and solving a number of applied
problems, methods of experiment planning are of
particular importance, which compare favorably with
traditional ones in that they allow you to
simultaneously vary all the variables and, based on
experimental data, build a mathematical model of the
object under study, significantly improve accuracy,
reduce costs, volume and time of conducting the
experiment.
The task of the study is: by optimizing the parameters
of the pneumatic sowing feed mеchanism, to ensure
the highest possible high-quality precise sowing of
bare cotton seeds in a clustered way, which is the key
to their early and uniform germination and good
seedling development. Namely, carry out a study in
order to expand the functionality of a pneumatic
sowing feed mechanism for precise sowing a given
number of seeds in a clustered way.
Before proceeding with the planning procedure for
this task, some features of the operation of pneumatic
planters for sowing row crops should be noted. The
technological process of sowing seeds with pneumatic
sowing feed mechanism can be generally divided into
five stages. The first stage is characterized by the
creation of a seed flow in bunkers (tanks for seeds),
which ensures the maintenance of a constant optimum
level of seeds in the suction zone. The second and most
important stage is the capture (suction) of seeds and
their removal from the layer. The third one - removal of
excess seeds - is an accompanying one in the general
technological process of sowing. The fourth and fifth
stages include the transportation of seeds to the place
of removal (dropping) of them from the suction holes
and self-dropping. From the above diagram of the
sowing process, it can be seen that all its stages are
closely interconnected and ultimately determine the
quantitative and qualitative uniformity of seed supply
to the seed tube or directly to the furrow opened by
the coulter.
We considered the second stage of the process, which
was the subject of research by many authors and
covered in a number of published works [9; 10; 11].
Most of them contain analytical dependences for
determining the required vacuum in vacuum
chambers, which ensures reliable seed capture, and
the results of experiments. However, it should be
noted that many authors of these works, considering
this stage of the sowing process, made some
assumptions and did not take into account the
complex movement at the time of seed capture by
suction holes, as a result of which they obtained
approximate dependencies. In addition, some works
are of a private nature, which also limits their scope,
especially for the analysis of structures developed
recently.
Using the prerequisites and assumptions made when
considering the process of seed suction, we determine
the required rarefaction in the vacuum chamber of the
disk feed mechanisms, which ensures the reliable
capture of seeds by suction cells with different
parameters. It follows from the analysis of studies that,
other things being equal, disk feed mechanisms require
the least rarefaction, the suction process of which is
accompanied by the creation of a movement of seeds
associated with the disk at a speed approximately
equal to the circumferential velocity of the suction
holes. However, the specific features of the operation
of the latest models of disc feed mechanisms and the
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
60
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
make of intake seed chambers do not allow full use of
this possibility of reducing the required vacuum [12].
Cell type selection. Disc sowing feed mechanisms can
have two basic types of cells: a cell designed to be filled
with a group of seeds intended for sowing in one
cluster, and a cell designed to be filled with a single
seed (single seed). In the latter case, the number of
seeds required for sowing in one cluster is sown from
the corresponding number (group) of one-seeded
cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The work was carried out on the basis of the Scientific
Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization of the
Republic of Uzbekistan (SRIAM) in accordance with the
priority direction of the development of science and
technology of the republic II “Energetics, Energy and
Resource Saving”, in accordance with the research
plan of the SRIAM QXА
-3-
001 “Development of an
energy-saving pneumatic planter for precision sowing
of crop seeds” (2017
-2018).
The influence of various factors on filling the cells of
the sowing feed mechanism was studied on a special
stand. The stand consisted of a frame, an electric
motor, a V-belt, chain and gear bevel gears, a coulter
section of a planter with a sowing feed mechanism and
an endless web (tape). The rotation speed of the
sowing feed mechanisms shaft was changed by
changing the pulleys and transmission sprockets. A
sticky layer was applied to the web to fix the sown
seeds. In each experiment, at least 500 clusters were
sown, in which the number of sown seeds was
determined. According to these data, the distribution
of seeds in clusters was calculated (in percent). This
indicator most accurately reflected the accuracy of
sowing seeds by the sowing feed mechanisms. The
experiments were carried out in relation to the scheme
of clustered sowing at a seeding rate of 3 seeds per
cluster. The desired speed of the conveyor belt varied
within the limits corresponding to the speed of
aggregate (1.95 m∙s
-
1, 2.22 m∙s
-
1, 2.49 m∙s
-
1, 2.76 m∙s
-1).
The aggregate operating speed was 1.45 m / s (5.2 km /
h) and 2.1 m / s (7.57 km / h).
The experimental pneumatic sowing feed mechanism
performs precise sowing of bare cotton seeds in a
clustered way, at operating speeds of the aggregate of
7.3 and 8.3 km/h, provides a distance between the
clusters of 13.2 and 14.6 cm, 2.9 and 2.7 seeds in each
cluster, the width of the clusters is 0.76 and 0.70 cm,
respectively. The schemes of the pneumatic sowing
feed mechanism in Fig.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
61
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Fig.1 The scheme of pneumatic sowing feed mechanism
In the experiments, seeds of mechanical exposure of
the cotton variety S-6524 were used, calibrated in
length within the range of 9.2-9.65 mm, in width - 4.7-
5.45 mm and in thickness - 4.2-4.73 mm. Residual
hairiness of seeds 0.11%, weight of 1000 seeds 112.6 g,
moisture content 8.05%. The technological process of
sowing was studied and the parameters obtained in
analytical calculations were refined. Experimental field
studies were carried out in various soil and climatic
conditions.
According to the results of experimental studies and
tests, the correctness of the theoretical premises and
the performance of the experimental pneumatic
sowing feed mechanism were checked. The study used
the basic laws of theoretical mechanics, higher
mathematics, the laws and rules of mathematical
statistics, methods of mathematical planning of
experiments, strain gauge methods, as well as
methods given in existing regulatory documents [13;
14]. To determine the optimal parameters and evaluate
the agrotechnical and energy performance of the
sowing feed mechanism, the following indicators were
considered: the number of seeds in the cluster (pcs.),
the distance between the clusters (cm), the length of
the cluster (cm).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The quality of the planter is usually characterized by
the following indicators, such as the accuracy of
sowing, the uniformity of the depth of placement and
distribution of seeds on the soil surface, ensuring the
seeding rate, minimum damage to seeds. These
indicators depend not only on the design of the
machine (the type of sowing feed and closing working
bodies, the hitch scheme and the number of sowing
sections, the capacity of the bunkers, etc.), but also on
the geometric and kinematic parameters of its
technological process. Thus, the planter is a multi-
response and multi-factorial object of study.
Therefore, a comprehensive study of it is a difficult
task. The task of optimizing the seeder is also difficult.
The complexity of the optimization problem is also
determined by the high cost, laboriousness of
manufacturing an experimental model of the machine,
and the short duration of the season of its operation.
All this ultimately leads to the fact that it is impossible
to solve such a problem by setting up a one-stage
experiment.
In such situations, a complex task is usually reduced to
a sequence of simpler tasks. In particular, the problem
we are considering is part of the global task of
optimizing the sowing machine. It aims to expand the
functionality of the main working div of the planter,
namely the pneumatic sowing feed mechanism to
ensure precise sowing of a given number of bare
cotton seeds in a clustered way. At the same time, it is
assumed that the previously achieved levels for its
other indicators satisfy (or so far satisfy) agrotechnical
requirements. Such indicators include, for example,
the uniformity of the sowing depth and the degree of
seed damage. Then the original problem can be
reformulated as follows: by optimizing the geometric
and kinematic parameters of the sowing feed
mechanism of the pneumatic planter, to achieve the
highest
possible
high-quality
precise
sowing
(optimization parameter) of bare cotton seeds in a
clustered way, while the uniformity of the sowing
depth and the degree of damage to the seeds must
satisfy agrotechnical requirements [14].
The most important conditions for the operation of the
sowing feed mechanism are reliable rarefaction and
the correspondence of the diameter of the disc cells to
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
62
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the size of the group of sown seeds. In order for each
cell to securely capture the seed, the vacuum in the
vacuum chamber, depending on the type of seed,
should be from 2.5 to 6.0 kPa [14].
The technological process of the sowing feed
mechanism is as follows. The air, passing through the
branch pipe 8 to the planter exhauster from the feed
chamber 5 through the cells 3 of the sowing disk 2,
creates a vacuum in the rarefaction chamber 7. Circular
gasket 9 contributes to a tight fit of the sowing disc to
the rarefaction chamber in order to avoid loss of
vacuum force. The sowing disc, rotating under the
action of the shaft drive 10 and the chain drive 12,
entrains the seeds with an air flow, which in groups (3
pieces each) stick to the cells 3 with jumpers 4,
regardless of their mass and shape. As a result, the
path for the passage of air is closed and thus a constant
vacuum is maintained in the chamber 7. According to
the rational form of the group arrangement of 3 seeds,
the shape of the cells is a triangle. For reliable suction
of a group of seeds due to the complete locking of the
cells, the vertices of the triangle have a rounded shape.
Y - shaped jumper 4 helps a group of seeds to securely
fix in the cell, in addition, it excludes damage to the
seeds and clogging of the rarefaction chamber 7. The
disk 2, rotating, transports the seeds beyond the limits
of the vacuum. Groups of seeds leave the vacuum zone
in the lower part of the housing 1 and, under the action
of gravity, exactly 3 pieces fall into the furrow formed
by the coulter in the soil.
To determine the optimal parameters and operating
mode of the pneumatic sowing feed mechanism for
precise sowing of cotton seeds by the clustering
method, a multifactorial experiment was carried out
using the method of mathematical planning [15;16; 17].
From preliminary studies it was found that the
accuracy of sowing and the distance between the
clusters in a row significantly depend on the number of
revolutions of the disk, the installation height of the
device and the operating speed of the aggregate. The
task of the study was to vary the listed factors to find
such conditions for the process of sowing seeds, which
ensure maximum sowing accuracy and a given distance
between clusters in a row. Based on the results of
preliminary studies, the boundary values of the factors
and the intervals for their variation were established,
which are given in Table 2. Assuming that the process
of sowing seeds can be sufficiently described by a
second-order polynomial, the experiment was
implemented according to the Hartley-3 plan with a
half-replica in a randomized order, and the processing
of its results and the calculation of the values of the
polynomial coefficients were carried out on a Pentium-
4 computer using the program “P1anex
-
2” [18]. In the
overwhelming majority of cases, the experimenter
strives to ensure that there are as few experiments as
possible in the experiment. Therefore, he usually tends
to choose an experimental design that is saturated or
close to saturated. One of the closest to saturated
plans are those proposed by Hartley. [19].
The number of seeds in a cluster (Y1, pcs.), the distance
between clusters (Y2, cm), and the length of clusters
(Y3, cm) were taken as evaluation criteria in
multivariate experiments.
Table 1
Levels of factors and intervals of their variation
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
63
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Factors
Module
Levels of factors
encoded symbol
change
interval
under
(-1)
basic
(0)
upper
(+1)
Seeding disc speed
r/min
Х
1
5
22
27
32
Sowing feed mechanism
installation
height
сm
Х
2
2
8
10
12
Aggregate
operating speed
m/s
Х
3
0,29
1,66
1,95
2,24
In experiments, to assess the homogeneity of the variance, the Cochran test was used, to assess the value of the
regression coefficients - the Student's test, to assess the adequacy of the regression models - the Fisher test were
used.
Regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria:
- number of seeds in the cluster (Y1, pieces):
Y
1
=2,921-0,155X
1
-0,117X
2
+0,000X
3
++0,117X
1
2
+0,103X
3
2
; (1)
-
distance between clusters
(Y
2,
с
m):
Y
2
=15,362-0,842X
1
+0,000X
2
+0,993X
3
-0,622X
1
2
++0,413X
1
X
3
-0,520X
2
2
-0,420X
3
2
;
(2)
-
length of clusters
(Y
3,
сm):
Y
3
=1,117+0,099X
2
+0,052X
3
+0,051X
1
2
--0,036X
2
X
3
+0,0012X
3
2
; (3)
As can be seen from the above regression equations,
all factors had a significant impact on the evaluation
criteria. When determining the values of the
parameters that ensure the quality of work at the
required level, the regression equations (1) - (3) were
solved jointly for speeds of 1.66-2.24 m/s using the
Excel program "search for a solution" on the Pentium
IV PC computer. To determine the optimal parameters
and modes of operation of the pneumatic sowing feed
mechanism, which provide the necessary (more than
85%) accuracy of sowing seeds and the minimum
length of their cluster at given aggregate speeds, the
equations were solved by the method of "penalty"
functions.
When jointly solving the regression equations, the Y1
criterion was adopted, i.e. the number of seeds in the
cluster should be 3 ± 1, the Y2 criterion, i.e. the distance
between the clusters should be 14-16 cm, and the Y3
criterion, i.e. the length clusters should be minimal. The
results obtained are presented in Table 3
Table 3 Rational parameter values
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
64
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Х
3
Х
1
Х
2
Encoded
Natural
Encoded
Natural
Encoded
Natural
-1
1,66
-0,6252
23,873
-0,97125
9,029
0
1,95
-0,0475
26,7622
-0,84236
9,16
1
2,24
0,1258
27,629
-0,7568
9,24
Therefore, to ensure maximum precise of sowing
cotton seeds and perform the required quality of work
at aggregate operating speeds of 1.66-2.24 m / s, the
number of revolutions of the sowing disc should be
23.87-27.62 rpm, and the installation height of the
sowing feed mechanism should be within 9.02-9.24 cm.
With these values of the factors, criterion Y1, i.e. the
number of seeds in the cluster is 3.03-3.28 pieces,
criterion Y2, i.e. the distance between the clusters is
14.00-15.57 cm, and criterion Y3, i.e., the length of the
clusters is in the range of 0.95-1.12 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of studies of the physical and
mechanical properties of the bare cotton seeds,
according to the results of studies on the choice of
types of pneumatic sowing feed mechanisms, it was
revealed that:
•
based on the analysis of studies of technical
means used for sowing bare cotton seeds, it is
possible to improve the technological process
of the pneumatic sowing feed mechanism,
justify its parameters, improve the quality and
productivity of sowing seeds and reduce
operating costs;
•
according to the results of the study, it is
recommended to use a sowing disc with
suction cells made in the form of a triangle with
rounded tops and with a Y-shaped jumper
inside. A seeding disc of this design makes it
possible to sow bare cotton seeds in a
clustered way with high accuracy compared to
other seeding discs;
•
to ensure the required high-quality sowing of
bare cotton seeds in a clustered way at a
aggregate speed of 1.66-2.24 m/s, the number
of revolutions of the sowing disc should be
23.8-27.6 r/min, the installation height of the
sowing feed mechanism should be within 9.02-
9.24 cm;
•
the use of a pneumatic planter equipped with
sowing feed mechanism with reasonable
parameters will ensure precise sowing of bare
cotton seeds in a clustered way. This will
reduce labor costs by 8.5% and direct costs per
1 ha by 2.6%, compared with existing technical
means, which will provide an annual economic
effect of 10,104,783.2 soums per planter.
REFERENCES
1.
Қ
ХА
-3-001
“Экинлар
уру
ғ
ларини
ани
қ
меъёрларда
экадиган
энергоресурстежамкор
пневматик
сеялкани
ишлаб
чи
қ
иш”
амалий
лойи
ҳ
а
хисоботи
.
–Гулба
ҳ
ор
, 2018.
–
97
б
.
2.
Юшин
П.К.
Обоснование
параметров
пневматического высевающего аппарата для
точного
гнездового
сева
хлопчатника:
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
65
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Автореф.дис. ...канд.техн.наук. –Янгиюль, 1984.
–
18 с.
3.
Alimova F.A. Saidova M.T. Pnevmatik ekish
apparatining
ilmiy
tadqiqot
ishlari
uchun
takomillashtirilgan laboratoriya stendi// Фан ва
техника тара
ққ
иётида
интеллектуал
ёшларнинг
ўрни
:
Рес
-
публика
илмий
-
техникавий
анжумани
тезислар
тўплами
.
–
Тошкент
:
ТошДТУ
, 2021.
–
Б
.
221-222.
4.
Alimova F.A. Ali Bayat. Saidova M.T. Primqulov B.
Atadjanova M. Substantiation of Parameters and
operating modes of the pneumatic sowing
apparatus for cluster sowing of cotton seeds//
Solid State Technology Volume: 63 Issue:6
Publication Year: 2020. pp 11876-11885.
5.
Толыбаев А.Е. Обоснование параметров и
режимов
работы
пневматического
высевающего аппарата сеялки для точного сева
семян сои: Автореф. дис. ...канд.техн.наук. –
Янгиюль, 2010. –18 с.
6.
Features of the choice of working bodies for the
technology ofstrip tillage when sowing re-cropsF A
Alimova and B Sh Primkulov AEGIS-2022IOP Conf.
Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1076
(2022) 012001IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-
1315/1076/1/012001
7.
Лобачевская, Н.П. Совершенствование процесса
высева
семян
клещевины
аппаратом
пневматической сеялки: диссертация кандидата
технических наук / Н.П. Лобачевская. –
Зерноград, 2001. –
147 с
8.
Рудаков
Г.М.
Технологические
основа
механизми сева хлопчатника. –Тошкент: Фан,
1974.
–284 с.
9.
Несмиян, А.Ю. Теория работы высевающего
аппарата пропашной сеялки вакуумного типа /
А.Ю. Несмиян, В.В. Должиков, А.В. Яковец//
Вестник Белгородского ГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова. –
2012.
–
№ 2. –
С. 72–
75
10.
Повышение
качества
захвата
семян
дозирующими элементами пневматического
высевающего аппарата / П.Я. Лобачевский, А.Ю.
Несмиян
В.И.
Хижняк,
А.С.
Реуцкий
//
Совершенствование технологий и средств
механизации полеводства // Межвузовский
сборник научных трудов
11.
Яковец,
А.В.
Улучшение
равномерности
распределения семян пропашных культур / А.В.
Яковец, В.В. Шумаков // Аграрная наука
ЕвроСеверо
-
Востока. –
2011.
–
№ 1 (26). –
С. 46–
50.
12.
Яковец, А.В. Повышение точности дозирования
семян пропашных культур пневмовакуумным
высевающим
аппаратом:
диссертация
кандидата технических наук / А.В. Яковец. –
Зерноград, 2012. –
132 с.
13.
Несмиян, А.Ю. К вопросу захвата семян
присасывающими отверстиями
высевающего
аппарата пропашной сеялки / А.Ю. Несмиян, В.В.
Должиков, В.А. Радченко // Совершенствование
технических средств в растениеводстве. –
Зерноград: ФГОУ ВПО АЧГАА, 2010. –
С. 107–
108.
14.
ГОСТ
31345
-
2017
«Техника
сельскохозяйственная.
Сеялки
тракторные.
Методы
испытаний».
–
Москва:
Стандартинформ, 2018. –
53 с.
15.
O‘zDSt 3193:2017. «
Қ
ишло
қ
хўжалик
техникасини
синаш
.
Машиналарни
энергетик
ба
ҳ
олаш
усули»
.
–
Ташкент
, 2017.
–
21
б
.
16.
Грановский,
Ю.В.
Основы
планирования
экстремального эксперимента для оптимизации
многофакторных технологических процессов
/
Ю.В. Грановский. –
Москва: Изд
-
во Московского
института народного хозяйства им. Г.В.
Плеханова, 1971. –
120 с..
17.
Мельников, С.В. Планирование эксперимента в
исследованиях
сельскохозяйственных
процессов / С.В. Мельников. –
Ленинград: Колос
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
66
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
56-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1972.
–
198 с.Спиридонов, А.А. Планирование
эксперимента
при
исследовании
технологических процессов / А.А. Спиридонов. –
Москва: Машиностроение, 1981. –
184 с
18.
Аугамбаев М., Иванов А.В., Терехов Ю.И.
Основы
планирования
научно
-
исследовательского эксперимента.
–Ташкент:
Укитувчи,1993. –336 с.
19.
Hartley H. Smallest composite designs for
quadratic response surface. - Biometrics, 1989,
V.15,p. 611-614].
