Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
32
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article deals with modern problems in the teaching of electrical disciplines, in the conditions of a credit-modular
system of higher education. In particular, topical issues of education, the unity of theoretical knowledge and practical
skills, have been studied. On the basis of statistical research, and in order to ensure the unity of theory and practice,
methods for organizing practical classes in electrical engineering are proposed, based on the practical applications of
the material being studied.
KEYWORDS
Electrical disciplines, higher educational, credit-modular system.
INTRODUCTION
One of the priorities in the development of higher
education is the formation of practical skills for future
specialists and the ability to apply their theoretical
knowledge in practice. The solution of these issues, of
course, is related to the solution of specific economic,
social, organizational and methodological issues in the
organization of education. The article discusses some
of the tasks in the formation of practical skills among
students, in the process of transferring higher
education to a credit-modular system. Features of the
formation of practical skills are considered on the
Research Article
TOPICAL ISSUES OF TEACHING ELECTRICAL DISCIPLINES IN HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Submission Date:
March 17, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 22, 2023,
Published Date:
March 27, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue03-06
M.N. Mamatkulov
Tashkent Institute Of Chemical Technology Tashkent, Uzbekistan
I.T. Bozorov
Tashkent Institute Of Chemical Technology Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
33
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
example of teaching the subject "Fundamentals of
Electrical Engineering and Electronics".
Problem Statement and Problem State
Despite the fact that in recent years much attention
has been paid to such issues as ensuring the unity of
education and production, it is too early to say that
certain results have been achieved. Naturally, this is
due to the great inertia of the education process
(revision of curricula, preparation of textbooks and
other
issues
of preparation of educational,
methodological and regulatory documents for the
entire level of lifelong education). Most importantly,
the learning outcomes depend on the quality of the
organization of the educational process (both
classroom studies and student self-study) and the level
of practical significance of the material being taught.
The latter also requires a review of all training material
and make appropriate additions to the practical
application of the trained material. At the same time,
the considered practical examples should be taken
directly from production, for example: technological
equipment, or their individual parts; machines and
mechanisms; widely used electrical means of the
production process; household electrical appliances
and devices and others. It is also important to indicate
the brands of all considered specific devices, machines,
equipment and their individual parts. This directs the
student to independent work on this issue: searching
the Internet for the indicated device; study of its
technical characteristics; independently verify the
practicality of the material being studied; search for
alternative ways to solve the problem. As a result, the
questions under consideration become practical,
accessible and interesting for the student, which is very
important for improving the quality of education.
It should be noted that the structure of curricula for
specialties in undergraduate education systems
(including the system of higher education in
Uzbekistan) is somewhat complicated, which ensures
that these plans comply with modern requirements
and norms of international standards. At the same
time, the process of transition of higher education to
economic independence provides opportunities for
adapting educational programs to the requirements of
consumers. At the same time, the main place, of
course, is occupied by the economic aspects of
education, especially the adaptation of the educational
process to the credit-modular system. For example,
with the transition to a credit-modular education
system, the ratio of classroom and independent hours
of the educational process changes significantly and
becomes approximately 40/60. This means if,
according to the curriculum of the specialty, 120 hours
are allocated for the subject, of which 48 hours are in
the classroom, 72 hours of self-study. It is in this
position that the subject “Electrical Engineering and
Fundamentals of Electronics” is located on the
example of the Tashkent Institute of Chemical
Technology. Undoubtedly, this requires a significant
revision of the teaching materials, in terms of their
distribution in the classroom and self-study. Since, one
of the basic principles of credit-modular education is to
reduce the number of classroom hours. Therefore, the
next task arises, providing the subject with textbooks
and teaching aids for all types of classes (laboratory,
practical, independent), taking into account the above
changes. It is also necessary to radically change the
methods of teaching classroom lessons (lectures,
laboratory and practical classes). At the same time, the
main goal of classroom studies should be aimed not
only at transferring theoretical knowledge, but also at
demonstrating their practical application with
concrete examples. Only then, the student will develop
the skills necessary for practice in each subject.
Otherwise, the received theoretical knowledge is only
informational in nature, and is quickly forgotten. It is
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
34
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
for this reason that we have a relatively low level of
residual knowledge among students in almost all
subjects taught. Hence the separation of learning from
practice.
Electrical engineering, especially the practical
problems of electrical engineering, is closely related to
the electromagnetism section of the physics course.
Practical classes in physics and electrical engineering
have in many ways a common theory and
methodology. At the same time, the essence of
practical classes, both in physics and in electrical
engineering, is aimed at solving problems. From the
point of view of the formation of practical skills, the
choice of appropriate tasks that have direct practical
application and the method of setting this task is
important.
As is known, for many decades, the main textbook for
practical classes in physics has been the textbook by
V.S. Volkenshtein “Collection of problems in the
general course of physics”. one
-sided approach to
tasks in the textbook, today the essence of practical
training in physics has turned to the performance of
arithmetic operations. It should be noted that the
situation is similar with other textbooks.
Consider problem 10.25 in the textbook [1], “ Element
with emf. E \u003d 6V gives the maximum current I
\u003d 3 A. Find the largest amount of heat Q that can
be released in the external resistance per unit time. It
does not specify source and consumer types. The only
thing that is meant is the allocated amount of heat on
the external resistance per unit time. Also, the
consumer type is not considered. The purpose of the
task is aimed at training power, from the point of view
of physics.
With such a formulation of the question, at first glance,
the practical significance of the task is not visible, or at
least the student does not catch this moment on his
own. It is for this reason that the student is not
interested in such problems containing only theoretical
concepts and arithmetic operations. Even if the
student fully masters the essence of this task, it is
quickly forgotten, since it has no practical application.
Although the goal of this task is to lead the student to
the practical application of electrical parameters, this
goal is not achieved here. Therefore, it is advisable to
introduce into the condition of this problem such
parameters of the current source that are of direct
practical importance. This is the current capacitance of
the source, physically it is the amount of charge
accumulated in the source q = I • t (Cl = A • s ). In
practice, it is usually used in the form A h ( Ampere hour
). Despite the fact that this parameter is indicated on
all chemical current sources, it still remains unnoticed.
And the reason for this is that, as mentioned above,
physical quantities are studied only from a theoretical
point of view, and not from its non-practical
applications. As a result, these physical parameters are
forgotten very quickly, without leaving a trace, or, as
they say, “residual knowledge”.
RESEARCH QUESTION STATISTICS
Table-1 shows the results of a survey conducted among
2nd-year undergraduate students in different areas of
study, before the start of training in the subject
"Electrical
Engineering
and
Fundamentals
of
Electronics".
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
35
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Table 1
Questions
The total
number of
respondents
positive responses
regarding total
number of
respondents in %
1.
2.
How much energy is converted into electricity in
batteries?
543
32
3.
Do you know what is the working voltage of your
phone
350
14
4.
What is battery capacity and how is it measured?
326
9.5
5.
How can you determine how much energy is
stored in your phone battery
528
2.6
The results indicated in the table indicate that the
teaching of the subject "Electrical Engineering and
Fundamentals of Electronics" should begin precisely
with the study of the basic electrical parameters that
are directly related to electrical energy.
Now consider the following example, typical for
practical problems, both in electrical engineering and
in the section of electricity in physics. Usually, the
electrical circuit and the physical parameters of the
circuit are given in the tasks. It is required to determine
some unknown circuit parameters. It also does not talk
about the practical application of this scheme (what
kind of consumers, what kind of source and its
parameters). The formulation of the problem in such a
classical form is given in Table 2 (option-1). With such a
formulation of the problem, a positive result is from 45
to 65%.
Table 2
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
36
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Giving a problem
Students who solved
problems
(normalized to the total
number of students)
%
1-option
Two consumers with resistance R
1
\u003d 12 Ohms
R
2
\u003d 3 ohms are connected to the emf source. E = 12V as shown in
the diagram. Find the current strength in the sections of the circuit, and
in the unbranched part of the circuit.
From 45%
Up to 65%
Option 2
Current capacity and car battery 50 A h , operating voltage 12V.
50W and 60W low and high beam lamps are connected to the battery ,
respectively
1
. Draw a wiring diagram for the lamps. Find the current in
the lamps and the total current consumption from the battery.
Less than 10%
Note: Table 2 shows the results of the survey in 36 academic groups during the 2nd academic semester of the 2020-
2021 academic year.
This suggests that the results of the survey can be
assessed as satisfactory. However, with such a
formulation of the problem, students do not develop
practical skills. The theoretical knowledge gained
1
Note: Typically, e lamps (incandescent) are available with a power of 50/60 W, for low / high beams.
The power of LED lamps with the same light output is 7-8 times less than incandescent lamps.
during the lesson is quickly forgotten, since this
knowledge has no practical basis.
These and many similar facts in teaching methods can
explain the decline in recent years of the results of
monitoring residual knowledge in subjects.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
37
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Ways to solve the problem
To solve this issue, it is necessary to specify the task, or,
in other words, it is necessary to take tasks from
practice. To do this, we formulate the problem
statement in the following form, as shown in the
second version of Table 2. As can be seen, with such a
problem statement, the results are sharply reduced.
Although the purpose of teaching this topic is aimed at
studying just such practical problems.
Fig.1. An electrical circuit of a branched circuit (a) and its practical application in a car lighting system (b).
Applying the method of nodal potentials, we have:
I 1 = P 1 / U = 50 W / 12 V = 4.16 A.
I 2 = P 2 / U = 60 W / 12 V = 5 A.
According to Kirchhoff's law, the current in the
unbranched sections of the circuit
I \u003d I 1 + I 2 \u003d 4.16 A + 5 A \u003d 6.16 A.
In the course of solving the problem of circuit and
direct current, it is necessary to dwell on current
sources. As is known, chemical current sources are
most often used in the DC circuit, and as shown above,
the characteristics of these sources are usually
neglected, and what this led to shows the results of the
survey.
It should also be noted that in recent years, due to the
energy shortage, much attention has been paid to the
development of alternative energy sources. At the
same time, of course, the issue of electricity
accumulation, that is, the use of batteries, is on the
agenda. At the same time, of course, it is important to
know the electrical and energy parameters of the
battery when conducting energy calculations. For
example, knowing the energy parameters of an
individual consumer, it is possible to determine the
energy intensity of the battery, corresponding to this
power . In order to achieve a level of energy literacy
that can solve such problems, it is important to study
the fundamental physical quantities in terms of their
practical application, as noted above.
R
2
R
1
K
1
K
2
Е
I
0
I
1
I
2
A
B
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
38
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
32-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, it should be noted that in today's era of
rapid technological progress, globalization and
information technology, education must also meet the
characteristics of speed, simplicity and practicality. To
do this, it is necessary to focus on the practical aspects
of each subject, relying on the fundamental
foundations of the relevant theoretical knowledge.
These requirements pose specific questions for the
education of each subject, the essence of which lies in
the revision of educational materials, taking into
account their practical significance. At the same time,
the main attention should be paid specifically to the
practical development of educational materials, using
specific technological examples from the production
or domestic use of electrical appliances.
REFERENCES
1.
Volkenstein V.S. Collection of tasks for the
general course of physics, 2006. 3rd edition.
Book world, g. -328s. ISBN 5-86457-2357-7
2.
A.S. Karimov, M.M. Mirkhaydarov and others.
Electrical engineering and fundamentals of
electronics (collection of problems and
laboratory exercises) Tashkent. "U
қ
ituvchi"
1989
3.
Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering IDon H.
Johnson 2016 y. 278p . Rice University,
Houston, Texas
4.
Fundamentals of electrical engineering and
electronics : a textbook for higher
5.
professional education , under the general. ed.
V.T. Eremenko, Orel: FGBOU VPO " State
University-UNPK", 2012.
–
529p.
6.
Charles Gross. Fundamentals of Electrical
Engineering. 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group,
448p.
