Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
1
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-05
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article examines the causes of changes in the properties of motor oils in the high-temperature zone of the engine.
The main reason leading to the formation of high-temperature deposits in engines are oxidative processes occurring
in the oil volume and on the metal surface. These deposits negatively affect the reliability, efficiency and durability of
the engine.
We conducted a study of samples of industrial oils M12V2 with a sulfonate additive SK-3. To conduct experiments, the
M-12V2 engine oil with the added sulfonate additive SK-3 was analyzed according to physico-chemical parameters for
compliance with the requirements. When using such an additive, the service life of the engine oil will increase.
KEYWORDS
Engine oil, anti-oxidative properties, oxidation, high-temperature deposits, oxidation products, carbon deposits,
durability.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
CAUSES OF CHANGES IN THE PROPERTIES OF MOTOR OILS IN THE HIGH
TEMPERATURE ZONE OF THE ENGINE
Submission Date:
January 05, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 15, 2023,
Published Date:
January 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue01-01
Alimova Zebo Hamidullayevna
Candidate Of Technical Sciences, Professor. Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan
Ibrahimov Karimjon Ismailovich
Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate Professor. Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
2
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-05
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
When used under the influence of various factors, the
oil loses its original properties. The high thermal
tension of the parts of the forced engines, with which
the engine oil has to come into contact, and the
interaction with gases from the combustion chambers
bursting into the crankcase (at the compression stroke
their temperature is about 150-450ºC for gasoline
engines and about 500-700ºC for diesels) sharply
worsen their working conditions.
The chemical composition of oils and their operational
properties change dramatically during operation
—
under the influence of high temperatures, air oxygen,
products of incomplete combustion of fuel,
condensing water, crankcase gases, catalytic action of
metals and old oxidation products.
RESEARCH ANALYSIS
In the high temperature zone of the engine,
hydrocarbons and other components of oils are
oxidized and form poorly evaporating, highly viscous,
practically insoluble in oil oxy-acids, asphaltenes and
acid resins, which are deposited on the parts in the
form of a thin shiny layer called a varnish deposit.
Lacquer deposits are carbon-rich substances formed as
deposits in the grooves under the piston rings, on the
skirts and inner walls of the pistons. The deposition of
varnish causes the piston rings to burn and the parts on
which these deposits were formed to overheat.
Combustion of piston rings, which causes a
breakthrough of gases into the crankcase and a
decrease in compression in the cylinders, and as a
result
–
a drop in engine power. The accumulation of
carbonaceous deposits on the cylinder walls, pistons,
rings, valves, etc., occurs not only due to oxidation
products, but also as a result of purely thermal
transformations of polycyclic hydrocarbons and
resinous substances. At the same time, engine oil
consumption increases significantly, wear increases,
even bullying on cylinder mirrors and piston rings
breakage with piston jamming are possible.
In the high temperature zone, the oil burns completely
or carbonaceous particles remain, which cannot
remain on the surface devoid of a binding medium. The
products of deep oxidative polymerization, which
differ in high temperature zones and flow back into the
crankcase, as well as other precipitated deposits,
continue to have a negative effect on the oil. The
greatest danger of varnish deposition is for piston
rings. By filling the gaps formed by the piston rings and
the grooves drilled in the pistons, it reduces the
mobility of the rings. High-carbon compounds are
formed, which are deposited in the grooves in the form
of films. Piston rings wear out these films, and
detergent additives contribute to the ultrafine grinding
of carbon deposits. As a result, the compression ratio
increases, a detonating metallic knock occurs, and the
engine power decreases. As a result of the pumping
action of the pistons during engine operation, the
engine oil partially enters the combustion chamber,
where it burns together with the fuel, but some of it,
spreading over the bottom of the pistons and the hot
walls of the combustion chamber, remains on their
surfaces in the form of a layer of thick resinous mass,
and then as a result of deep chemical transformations
is converted into solid carbonaceous substances,
which are called carbon deposits.
Depending on the quality of the oil and the technical
condition of the engine, up to 5-10% of unburned fuel
can accumulate in the oil, which more than halves the
flash point of the oil and worsens its lubricity. The
chemical composition of carbon deposits depends on
the quality of oil and fuel, on the operating mode of the
engine, the dustiness of the air, the presence and
nature of additives, etc. Its main part consists of
carbenes and carboides
–
50 70%, asphaltenes and oxy
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
3
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-05
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
acids
–
3 6%, resins and oils
–
15 40% and ash -1 10%.The
colder the walls of the combustion chamber, the more
carbon deposits are formed on them.
Abundant carbon deposits worsen the cooling of the
combustion chamber and reduce its volume. As a
result, the viscosity of the oil will noticeably decrease,
its oxidation will occur faster, the lubricity will
deteriorate, deposits will increase, and the mode of
liquid friction will be disrupted.
One of the measures to combat varnish formation is
the introduction of antioxidant and detergent
additives into the oils, which inhibit the deposition of
the resulting resinous-asphaltene substances and
reduce the formation of varnish deposits and carbon
deposits on hot surfaces of engine parts.
We conducted a study of samples of industrial oils
M12V2 with a sulfonate additive SK-3. The advantage of
this additive compared to other additives, it is quite
effective and stable at relatively high temperatures.
To conduct experiments, the M-12V2 engine oil with the
added sulfonate additive SK-3 was analyzed according
to physico-chemical parameters for compliance with
the requirements. Having determined the dissolution
of the additive in the engine oil, we determined the
physico-chemical parameters of the engine oil for
different concentrations of additives (Fig. 1).
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
5
7
9
10
12
15
V
isc
osity
at
t=10
0
°С
, м
м2
/с
Additive concentration,%
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
4
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-05
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Fig.1. Physico-chemical parameters of engine oil for different concentrations of the additive SK-3
CONCLUSION
The indicator of the antioxidant properties of motor
oils is the alkaline number, which can vary from 5-10 mg
KOH/g. When establishing the service life of oil in
engines, so-called rejection indicators are used, when
reaching the maximum permissible values of which it is
necessary to replace the oil. Rejection indicators are
usually: changes in viscosity, flash point, alkalinity, the
content of contaminants, water.
To determine the alkaline number, samples of oils with
different concentrations (5%-15%) of the additive were
taken and the most optimal concentration was
determined. From the results of the analysis, we
selected the content of additives SK-3 9%, which shows
the optimal value of the alkaline number. To ensure
normal operation, the alkaline number of fresh oil
should be at least:
for medium
–
powered engines
–
3.5 - 4;
for high
–
powered
–
6 - 6.5 mg KOH/g.
According to the results of laboratory tests, when
introducing the SK-3 additive 9% into the M-12V2 engine
oil, the physico-chemical indicators gave a positive
result compared to the M-12V2 base oils. The alkaline
number increased from 4.5 to 6; and the flash point
rose to 224ºC, which indicates the effectiveness of the
added additive. When using such an additive, the
service life of the engine oil will increase and which can
also lead to a decrease in the wear of the piston rings
by 3-4%.
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Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
5
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-05
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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705
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(2022:
5.
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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