Volume 02 Issue 07-2022
10
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
07
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the importance of studying the migration of trace elements in the air, soil, water and plants.
Regularities in the distribution of microelements in nature depending on their location in the periodic system of
chemical elements are revealed.
KEYWORDS
Methodology, chemical pollution, environment, trace elements, water, soil
INTRODUCTION
The growing needs of the population for various types
of raw materials, on the one hand, facilitates and
improves human life, on the other hand, worsens the
living conditions not only of the person himself but of
a living being in general. Assessing his activities, a
person always strives to realize and understand the
Research Article
METHODOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING THE MIGRATION OF
MICROELEMENTS IN WATER AND SOILS
Submission Date:
July 15, 2022,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2022,
Published Date:
July 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue07-03
Mirkozimjon Nishonov
Head of the Department of Chemistry, Professor, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Shukhratjon Mamajonov
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Fergana State University,
Fergana, Uzbekistan
Diler Tojimamatov
Assistant, Department of Chemical Technology, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 07-2022
11
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
07
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
essence of the processes taking place around him and
apply appropriate measures.
Today it is very important for scientists to help not only
children, pupils, and students, but all segments of the
population in a deep understanding of the processes
that occur in nature and pollute the environment.
This article is devoted to the methodological analysis
of microelement migration in water and soils.
THE MAIN PART
Trace elements are present in natural waters (ground
and surface), and their sources are associated either
with natural processes or with human activities. The
main natural processes supplying microelements to
the waters are the chemical weathering of rocks and
the release in the processes of soil formation. Both of
these processes appear to be largely controlled by
biological and microbiological factors. Anthropogenic
sources of trace elements in waters are mainly
associated with the extraction of coal and ores, as well
as with industrial and municipal wastewater. Water
pollution with microelements is an important factor
affecting the geochemical cycle of these elements and
the quality of the environment. Most microelements,
especially heavy metals, cannot be in dissolved form in
water for a long time. They are present mainly in the
form of colloidal suspensions or are captured by
organic and mineral substances. Therefore, their
concentration in bottom sediments or plankton is
often an indicator of water pollution with
microelements. Precipitation can be considered as the
final point of migration of heavy metals entering the
aquatic environment. On the other hand, volatile
elements such as bromine and iodine can reach high
concentrations in surface waters, from which, under
certain climatic conditions, they can easily escape. Of
great importance for the migration ability of a group of
metals - mercury, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and tin -
which are present mainly in sediments and suspended
matter in water [1-5]. Therefore, their concentration in
bottom sediments or plankton is often an indicator of
water pollution with microelements. Precipitation can
be considered as the final point of migration of heavy
metals entering the aquatic environment. On the other
hand, volatile elements such as bromine and iodine can
reach high concentrations in surface waters, from
which, under certain climatic conditions, they can
easily escape. Of great importance for the migration
ability of a group of metals - mercury, selenium,
tellurium, arsenic and tin - which are present mainly in
sediments and suspended matter in water [1-5].
Therefore, their concentration in bottom sediments or
plankton is often an indicator of water pollution with
microelements. Precipitation can be considered as the
final point of migration of heavy metals entering the
aquatic environment. On the other hand, volatile
elements such as bromine and iodine can reach high
concentrations in surface waters, from which, under
certain climatic conditions, they can easily escape. Of
great importance for the migration ability of a group of
metals - mercury, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and tin -
which are present mainly in sediments and suspended
matter in water [1-5]. can reach high concentrations in
surface waters, from which, under certain climatic
conditions, they can easily volatilize. Of great
importance for the migration ability of a group of
metals - mercury, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and tin -
which are present mainly in sediments and suspended
matter in water [1-5]. can reach high concentrations in
surface waters, from which, under certain climatic
conditions, they can easily volatilize. Of great
importance for the migration ability of a group of
metals - mercury, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and tin -
which are present mainly in sediments and suspended
matter in water [1-5].
It has been established that both phytoplankton and
vascular aquatic plants selectively concentrate trace
elements. Due to this selectivity, the concentrations of
some trace elements in waters may decrease
seasonally, while other elements may go into solution
when vegetation dies off.
Wastewater used in agriculture is generally a source of
some trace elements. Therefore, their use in this area
will be limited due to the possibility of soil
Volume 02 Issue 07-2022
12
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
07
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
contamination with heavy metals accumulating in the
upper soil horizon to dangerous concentrations.
The indirect impact of air pollution is manifested in the
soil. It is important because of the long duration of
exposure of the soil to dry and wet atmospheric
precipitation containing trace elements. Soil is a very
specific component of the biosphere since it not only
geochemically accumulates pollution components, but
also acts as a natural buffer that controls the transfer
of chemical elements and compounds into the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, and living matter.
Metals that accumulate in soils are slowly removed by
leaching, plant consumption, erosion, and deflation.
The first period of semi-removal (i.e., removal of half of
the initial concentration) of heavy metals varies greatly
for soils under lysimeter conditions: for zinc, from 70 to
510 years; for cadmium, from 13 to 1100 years; for
copper, from 310 to 1500 years and for lead - from 740
to 5900 years.
The balance of input-output of metals in soils showed
that the concentrations of microelements in the
surface layer of soils on a global scale seem to increase
with the expansion of industrial and agricultural
activities. There are indications that surface soils are
likely to be subject to both local pollution and regional
transport of pollution.
The degree of contamination of soils in cities is now so
high that it is possible to identify most soil samples as
urban or rural by their content of several
microelements, known as the main components of
pollution in the urban environment. Regional soil
pollution, as indicated in most publications, occurs
mainly in industrial areas and in the centres of large
settlements. The most important sources of
micronutrients here are businesses, transport and
municipal wastewater. However, long-range air
transport of trace element contaminants, especially
those that form volatile compounds (eg arsenic,
selenium, antimony, mercury), has made it difficult to
determine the natural background levels of some trace
elements in soils.
In addition to the air sources of trace elements, the
entry of the latter into the soil with fertilizers,
pesticides and irrigation should also be noted. An
important source of soil pollution in some industrial
areas can be the dumps of metallurgical plants and
mines due to the mobilization and transfer of heavy
metals by water seeping through them or the wind-
carrying dust.
Long-term use of inorganic phosphate fertilizers
significantly increases the natural level of cadmium and
fluorine in soils, while for other elements, such as
arsenic, chromium, lead and vanadium, it does not
noticeably increase. The impact of sewage irrigation on
soil composition is of particular concern and has been
the subject of much research and legislative action.
Recommended standards and instructions for
preventing the accumulation of microelements when
irrigating fields with runoff are still under development
and discussion. However, several authors have already
established limit values for maximum micronutrient
supplements, both one-time and over a certain period
of time. Despite some differences in the estimates,
they are generally consistent, especially with regard to
the maximum concentrations of heavy metals in soils.
The maximum allowable limits set for rice fields vary
somewhat [7]. The following contents were
determined as critical for rice cultivation: copper - 125
mg/kg (soluble in 0.1 N HC1) arsenic - 15 mg/kg (soluble
in 1 N HC1). Hazardous concentrations of cadmium in
soils are determined by its permissible concentration in
rice, which should not exceed 1 mg/kg. However, it
must be taken into account that when setting the
allowable limits, one should take into account not only
the properties of a given plant-soil system but also the
ratios between individual chemical elements and their
total load on the soil. 1 N HC1) arsenic - 15 mg/kg
(soluble in 1 N HC1). Hazardous concentrations of
cadmium in soils are determined by its permissible
concentration in rice, which should not exceed 1 mg/kg.
However, it must be taken into account that when
setting the allowable limits, one should take into
account not only the properties of a given plant-soil
system but also the ratios between individual chemical
elements and their total load on the soil. 1 N HC1)
Volume 02 Issue 07-2022
13
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
07
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
arsenic - 15 mg/kg (soluble in 1 N HC1). Hazardous
concentrations of cadmium in soils are determined by
its permissible concentration in rice, which should not
exceed 1 mg/kg. However, it must be taken into
account that when setting the allowable limits, one
should take into account not only the properties of a
given plant-soil system but also the ratios between
individual chemical elements and their total load on the
soil.
In the works of a number of authors [8-12], increased
doses of irrigation with wastewater are recommended,
because heavy metals are relatively inaccessible to
plants. In addition to the usual monitoring of levels of
copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium and lead,
when using runoff to irrigate fields, it is necessary to
monitor the levels of silver, barium, cobalt, tin, arsenic,
mercury, and possibly molybdenum, bismuth,
manganese, antimony until it is determined that their
probable accumulation in the surface layer of the soil is
harmless.
The work [13] provides a review of monitoring data on
the accumulation of heavy metals in soils irrigated with
wastewater. They note that it would be unreasonable,
without verification, to draw conclusions about
whether heavy metals in the soil will be immobile after
time or not.
Many authors [9-10] indicate that soil contamination
with heavy metals is usually very stable. Therefore, it
must be borne in mind that heavily contaminated soils
- especially those contaminated with microelements -
can be an accumulator of these contaminants, which
results in the degradation of the biological and
chemical properties of the soil.
Some specific methods of land reclamation and
restoration of fertility using a variety of industrial
effluents are described in [14].
CONCLUSION
For soils contaminated with microelements, methods
aimed at plant protection are based on two main
reactions - leaching of easily mobile elements and
transfer of cationic microelements in the soil into
difficultly mobile forms. Heavily polluted soil needs
special treatment.
An analysis of the literature gives a clear
methodological idea that a correct understanding of
those chemical processes that occur in nature is
important not only from the scientific and didactic side
but also from the point of view of the protection of the
whole living being.
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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02
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07
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
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