Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
71
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
71-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article describes the weather regime of the soil, the methods of its management, the changes that occur as a
result of the use of mineralized water in crop irrigation.
KEYWORDS
Soil air, solonetzic-saline, secondary salinization, chloride, sulfate-chloride.
INTRODUCTION
Soil air is of great importance for soil processes and
plant development. Soil air participates in chemical and
biochemical processes in the soil, affects oxidation-
reduction conditions, their reaction and solubility of
chemical components. Soil air provides oxygen to plant
roots and soil-dwelling organisms, and is also an
important factor in plant carbon nutrition. Note that
more than half of the carbon dioxide used for crop
production is provided by the plant from the soil. Soil
air composition varies significantly over time and
across the soil profile, depending on biological activity,
hydrothermal conditions, gas adsorption, soil solids,
and the intensity of gas exchange between soil and
atmosphere. With normal gas exchange between the
soil and atmospheric air, as a number of authors have
noted, the concentration of CO2 in the upper horizon
layer of the soil under various crops usually does not
exceed 1-2%.
Soil temperature and humidity have a strong influence
on the intensity of gas exchange and the composition
of soil air. It should be noted that the gas regime of the
saline soils of our republic and its changes during the
Research Article
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN THE SOIL-AIR REGIME AS A RESULT OF
IRRIGATION OF CROPS WITH MINERALIZED WATER
Submission Date:
January 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
January 20, 2024,
Published Date:
January 25, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue01-11
B. E. Kholboyev
Doctor Of Philosophy (Phd), Associate Professor, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajbspi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
72
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
71-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
irrigation period and the implementation of
melioration measures have not been sufficiently
studied. There are some data in the literature
describing soil air composition in irrigated light gray
soils exposed to secondary salinity. As noted by A.N.
Sokolovsky, changes in the composition of soil air
strongly affect the activity of microorganisms and the
dynamics of soil processes, as well as soil fertility. Due
to excessive water saturation, plants begin to suffer
from lack of air in the soil. Thus, in cotton plants, when
overwatered, the active roots die, they are renewed
only after the soil moisture decreases. According to
A.G. Bondarev's observations, under conditions of
normal gas exchange of the soil profile, the amount of
oxygen decreases and CO2 increases, but their sum is
close to the sum of these gases in the atmosphere, i.e.
around 21%.
Research conducted by A.V. Veretennikov showed that
in June, the irrigation water level is usually close to the
soil surface, and unfavorable weather conditions
usually occur in these months, because the roots of
stem plants are less supplied with oxygen. . During
long-term flooding, due to the slow dissolution of
oxygen in the water and its increase, pine and spruce
roots experience a lack of oxygen at certain times of
the year. This is confirmed by the facts of mass death
of roots. In addition, he notes that in May, the amount
of carbon dioxide in the soil water ranged from 18 to
40 mg / l. Later, a gradual increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide was observed during the growing
season: in June - up to 79, in July - up to 80, and in
August - up to 131 mg / l. At the beginning of
September, the amount of carbon dioxide decreased
to 62 mg/l, and in October to 42 mg/l.
The study of the dynamics of O2 and CO2 in the soil air
of gray soils with a light mechanical composition during
the experiments showed that the concentration of
CO2 and the intensity of O2 absorption directly depend
on the mineralization of irrigation water. It can be seen
from the presented data (table 1) that in the control
option, before the first watering and at the end of the
growing season, the amount of O2 in the upper layers
of the studied soils is almost unchanged and slightly
reduced. The amount of carbon dioxide is 0.3-0.6%, and
their amount increases with depth. In the third year of
irrigation with mineralized water, the amount of
oxygen in the upper layers of the soil (0-45 cm) is 18.5%,
in the depth it decreases to 17.7%, and the amount of
carbon dioxide increases from 1.2% to 2.2%. The
determinations made after the first watering revealed
a significant decrease in oxygen in the soil throughout
the profile, but the most important are its lower layers.
The amount of carbon dioxide has increased
dramatically. However, despite this, by the beginning
of the second growing season, the oxygen content is
usually returned to the original level with a sharp
decrease in carbon dioxide in the soil. A similar
situation continues until the end of the irrigation
period. At the same time, the amount of carbon
dioxide is slightly higher compared to the original. It
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
73
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
71-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
can be seen that this process is associated with the
increase in the intensity of soil respiration with the
release of carbon dioxide due to irrigation and the
activation of biological processes. By summer, as the
soil warms (up to 26-28C) and dries up, as well as the
growth period of cotton grows, a further increase in
CO2 occurs in the studied layers. It is clear that
irrigation of cotton with mineralized water contributed
to the increase of carbon dioxide and the decrease of
the amount of absorbed oxygen with such a general
change of the soil air. When irrigated with water with a
mineralization of 3 g/l, as a rule, carbon dioxide in the
soil tends to increase from the beginning of the
irrigation period to the end of the growing season, as
the amount of oxygen decreases.
1-table
Changes in soil air composition, %
Experience
options
Indicator
Depth, cm
0-45
45-70
70-90
spring
autumn
autumn
spring
autumn
autumn
spring
autumn
autumn
Control
СО
2
0,3
0,6
1,2
0,7
1,3
1,1
0,9
1,1
2,2
О
2
19,3
21,4
18,5
18,8
20,3
18,2
18,6
20,3
17,7
3 g/l
СО
2
0,3
0,5
2,01
0,7
1,4
1,9
0,7
0,9
2,6
О
2
19,4
19,3
18,3
19,1
18,8
17,1
20,1
19,1
14,7
5 g/l
СО
2
0,2
0,6
2,2
0,5
1,3
2,2
0,5
1,2
3,4
О
2
20,1
19,2
16,8
19,4
18,9
11,3
20,2
18,9
10,9
7 g/l
СО
2
0,3
0,8
2,4
0,5
1,9
2,8
0,5
3,8
4,7
О
2
19,8
18,9
14,9
19,6
12,7
11,5
20,3
15,9
9,7
In the first year of irrigation with mineralized water, the
amount of carbon dioxide in the 45-70 cm soil layer is
0.5%, and in the third year of irrigation, at the end of the
vegetation, it is in the range of 19.3-19.2%. , and in lower
horizons it decreases to 14.9% (Table 1). A sharp
increase in humidity in certain soil horizons (after
watering vegetation), especially in variants irrigated
with mineralized water, a strong violation of gas
exchange was noted. So, if in the first and third years
of the experiment in the control option, the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the autumn in the
70-90 cm soil layer was 1.1-2.2%, in the options of
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
74
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
71-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
irrigation with mineralized water, in the first and third
years of the experiment, at the end of the growing
season increased to 0.7-2.6%, 1.2-3.4% and 3.4-4.7%, and
the oxygen content, on the contrary, from 18.6-17.7% in
the control to 19.1- Decreased to 14.7%, 18.9-10.9 and
15.9-9.7% on options. A comparison of the results of the
analysis of the selected experience by options allows
us to come to the following conclusion.
CONCLUSION
The amount of carbon dioxide in the soil air of gray soil
largely depends on the mineralization of irrigation
water and soil moisture (in the upper horizons of the
soil at a depth of 0-45 cm, the oxygen content does not
fall below 14.9. -18.5%, the amount of carbon dioxide
gas is in the range of 1.1-2.2%;
the amount of carbon dioxide in the soil air increases
with depth, especially in the 70-90 cm soil layer, the
maximum amplitude value is equal to 5%;
with the increase in the mineralization of irrigation
water, especially in the lower layers of the studied soils,
the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the
absorption of O2 by the soil decreases.
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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
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2771-2753)
VOLUME
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ISSUE
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P
AGES
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MPACT
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(2022:
5.
705
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(2023:
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