American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
40-44
10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11
Aeropalynological monitoring of allergenic plants in
termiz city, Uzbekistan
D.B.Fayzullaeva
Phd student, Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand 140163, Uzbekistan
Kh.K.Khaydarov
Prof., Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand 140163, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 December 2024;
Accepted:
26 January 2025;
Published:
28 February 2025
Abstract:
This article provides a detailed review of the essence of aerobiological monitoring, the importance of
conducting palynological researches. It also provides information on the progress of aerobiological monitoring
and scientific research in Uzbekistan. In addition, it will be possible to get acquainted with the results of research
on the relationship between the pollination season and meteorological factors of some plants that has an
allergenic feature in the city of Termez.
Keywords:
Lanzoni VPPS 2010, pollen grain, allergy, pallinosis, palynology, monitoring, Uzbekistan, light
microscop.
Introduction:
Social
production
changes
the
environment by directly or indirectly influencing all its
elements. This influence and its negative consequences
have become especially pronounced with the increase
in the scale of human activity and during the modern
scientific and technological revolution [1]. The
biological component is the most objective factor that
can show how favorable the territory is for living, and
helps to determine whether the situation in a particular
region is dangerous for humans or, conversely,
favorable for living. The deterioration of the ecological
situation leads to an increase in the level of allergies
[9,10]. Pollen grains have the ability to adsorb various
non-biological substances and particles on their surface
and can carry various pollutants and dust over long
distances. Environmental changes lead to significant
changes in the protein shell of pollen grains, which in
turn leads to an increase in allergic reactions in humans
[8]. Environmental pollution leads to an increase in the
period of pollination of plants. Therefore, monitoring
pollen of allergenic plants in cities is especially relevant
[2,6]. Numerous studies show the widespread
occurrence of hay fever in the world, its important
specific features. The distribution of pollen in the
atmosphere, the differences in the species composition
of pollen allergens, confirm the importance of studying
the nature of the distribution of these allergenic plants
in all natural zones and determining them in the
aeropalynological regime. In the occurrence and
development of hay fever, natural geographical
conditions, the nature of the vegetation, the
distribution of allergenic plants, the time and duration
of their flowering, the quantitative and qualitative
composition of pollen in the air play an important role
[4]. Aeropalynological monitoring of allergenic plants
should provide an idea of the changes in pollen levels,
allergenic plants and their pollen complexes for each
region, depending on the season and weather
conditions. A person must have 500 pollen grains for
the disease to develop, that is, he must breathe air with
a concentration of at least 25 pg/m3 [3]. To determine
the concentration of pollen in the air, allergists of the
International Center for Molecular Allergology of
Uzbekistan and researchers of Samarkand State
University conducted aeropalynological studies.
Lanzoni VPPS 2010 dust traps were installed
throughout the republic for aerobiological monitoring.
Experts provide information on the results of the
observations to the population, as well as to people
American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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suffering from hay fever, on the qualitative and
quantitative composition of pollen of allergenic plants
and fungal spores in the air of large cities during the
period of pollination and spore formation every day
(throughout the year) (information is provided via SMS
messages to the short number 3700 and via the
website www.icma.uz). Pollen monitoring was carried
out in accordance with modern aeropalynological
research methods [11]. Aeropalynological studies,
along
with
phenological
and
meteorological
observations, are necessary for the development of the
urban landscape.
METHODS
Aerobiological monitoring in Termez was carried out
using a Lanzoni VPPS 2010 dust trap. The results
obtained
were
analyzed
quantitatively
and
qualitatively under an optical microscope, and the
results were supplemented. As a result of the study, the
concentration of plant pollen grains in the urban
atmosphere was determined and systematically
analyzed to the genus level. In addition, a pollen
calendar of plants was compiled. Advantages of the
palynological method used in the study:
1. Each pollen grain (p.g.) and spore can be identified
to the family, genus, and sometimes species level due
to its morphological characteristics.
2. Higher plants produce a large number of pollen
grains and spores, the shell of which falls to the surface
of the earth and, while preserving its morphological
characteristics, turns into rock and becomes a
component of sedimentary deposits.
3. Both pollen grains and the shell of spores
(sporoderm) consist of a chemical composition,
including sporopollenin, that is resistant to various
physical and chemical influences. Due to such a
characteristic morphological structure, pollen grains
and spores are easily transported by wind, water, birds,
and insects. Today, the influence of various abiotic
factors on them is also being considered within the
framework of aerobiological studies [11].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Pollen rain, its formation patterns, seasonal
characteristics and daily dynamics of pollination of
individual taxa, the role of pollen in the formation and
development of hay fever, changes in the properties of
pollen grains and the structure of pollen grains under
the influence of a changing environment are currently
among the problems that are actively discussed in the
scientific literature[5]. Modern aerobiological studies
study the taxonomic composition of the aerospectrum
in different regions, estimate the share of various taxa,
including allergenic pollens. The time of onset and
duration of pollination of taxa are determined; the
influence of various meteorological parameters on the
concentration of pollen in the atmosphere;
aerobiological data are combined with data from
allergological tests to determine the cause-and-effect
relationship between the presence in the air of certain
plant pollens and the occurrence of allergies, the
taxonomic relationship of aeroallergens characteristic
of the studied regions, and the time of their
appearance in the air spectrum. [11].
The following taxa typical of the flora of Termez
demonstrate allergenic properties according to the list
recommended by the Allergology Center:
• Alnus (A. glutinosa),
• Corylaceae ( Corylus),
• Cupressaceae ( Cupressus, Juniperus, Taxus),
• Oleaceae (Fraxinus),
• Betula (B.pendula),
• Pinaceae ( Picea, Pinus),
• Quercus (Q.ilex, Q.cerris, Q.r
obur, Q.rubra),
• Poaceae,
• Rumex (R. acetosa, R. crispus, R. obtusifolius),
• Plantago (P. coronopus, P. lanceolata, P. major, P.
media),
•Moraceae
• Amaranthaceae,
• Artemisia (A. annua, A. verlatorum, A. vulgaris),
• Ambrosia (A. artemisiifolia, A. ela
tier).
The relationship between the pollen concentration of
the above-mentioned plants in the atmosphere, pollen
season and meteorological factors was determined as
a result of palynological studies conducted in Termez in
2024-2025, and the studies are ongoing. Based on the
results obtained, it is intended to draw conclusions
about
the
risk
of
allergies
and
provide
recommendations and suggestions for eliminating or
reducing the risk. The data presented in Figure 1 below
represents the pollen calendar of these plants.
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Figire 1. Pollen calendar of Termez city 2024.
The beginning of pollination depends on the regions, or
rather, on the meteorological factors in the regions.
Surkhandarya region is located on the southern part of
the republic, and the high temperature and early start
of the season affect the phenology of plants, as well as
the pollination season [7]. From the picture above, it is
clear that the flowering season of the plant begins from
the last decade of February and lasts until early
autumn. The pollination season is different for trees
and grasses, with the pollination season of trees mainly
falling in spring, and for grasses, it occurs in summer
and autumn. Taking into the account the timing of the
onset of pollination and the waves of plant pollination
identified by the author, it is possible to predict the
periods of pollination of deciduous, coniferous, cereals
and some weed groups of plants.
CONCLUSION
Pollen allergenicity monitoring is an old problem that
requires new solutions. However, sometimes the will to
innovate the field tends to overcome the necessity of
standardised, comparable data. Nowadays there is a
wide range of different methods available for pollen
monitoring, but their relative efficiency is sometimes
unclear. This divergence of approaches is partly rooted
in the geographical variability of pollen allergies and
plant diversity, that makes it difficult to extend local
results
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