Vol. 5 No. 02 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 02

Hypospadias, a congenital condition characterized by an abnormal location of the urethral opening, remains a challenging anomaly in pediatric surgery. Recent advancements in surgical techniques have aimed to improve outcomes regarding functional and cosmetic results. The following article presents hypothetical data from a study conducted at the Second Department of Pediatric Surgery, Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), examining modern methods in the treatment of hypospadias, specifically focusing on the head type.

The article considers the influence of genetic factors on the structure and functions of various human anatomical systems, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, reproductive, and immune systems. The focus is on the role of genetics in predisposition to disease and on issues of individualized diagnosis and therapy. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms affecting the health and development of anatomical structures and the significance of genetic research in medical practice are discussed.

In recent years, chronic liver diseases have become a significant cause of death and disability [2], there is a trend towards an increase in the number of patients with chronic liver disease. It is widespread mainly among people of working age [3], which is explained by the living conditions of modern humans and the presence of a large number of chemical compounds in the environment. This leads to changes in metabolic processes in the liver and its toxic damage.

According to WHO data, over the past 20 years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the number of liver diseases leading to high mortality worldwide. Today, the number of patients with various hepatobiliary pathologies in the world exceeds 2 billion people. In the CIS countries alone, between 500,000 and 1 million people with various liver diseases are registered annually [4].

A sharp increase in the number of patients with chronic liver diseases was facilitated by an increase in the incidence of viral and toxic (alcoholic and drug) hepatitis, as well as a significant increase in the number of patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus.

The hepatoprotective properties of drugs improve metabolism, inhibit peroxidation, activate lipid metabolism, and protect mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes from damage to varying degrees [1].

Uranium contamination in soil poses significant environmental and ecological risks, affecting microbial communities and their functions. This study explores the resilience of bacterial species in uranium-contaminated environments by identifying and characterizing affected microbial populations. Soil samples from uranium-impacted sites were analyzed using culture-dependent and molecular techniques to assess bacterial diversity, resistance mechanisms, and potential bioremediation capabilities. The results indicate the presence of uranium-tolerant bacteria, including species with metal-resistant genes and bioaccumulation properties. Understanding these adaptive mechanisms provides insights into microbial responses to heavy metal stress and informs bioremediation strategies for uranium-contaminated ecosystems.

This work presents the results of the potentiometric determination of aqueous, non-aqueous and mixed solvents of copper (II), zinc (II) and chromium (III) cations: (propanol-2, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, dimethylformamide) and their mixtures with water in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:19 by volume, the ratios of acid-base titrations are given. The quantitative results of the titration on a per kilote basis for the indicated cations Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr3+ are based on the acidity constants of these cations assessed in the solvent environment specified above. The influence of the physical and chemical properties of solvents on acid-base titrations was studied. Due to the increase in the proportion of non-aqueous solvent in the solution, the dielectric constant of the solution decreases, and this leads to an increase in the ability to quantify acid-base titrations.

The study of the morphology of the parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs is a topical issue in the field of veterinary medicine and biology. Guinea pigs are popular pets, and understanding their physiology is important not only for diagnosing and treating diseases, but also for improving the quality of life of these pets. The parotid salivary glands, as in most mammals, perform important functions such as the production of saliva, which is necessary for digestion of food and maintaining the normal condition of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.

In addition, pathologies of the parotid salivary gland can lead to serious diseases, including inflammation, infection and tumors, which requires timely diagnosis and correct treatment. Studying the anatomy and physiology of this gland in guinea pigs can contribute to a more accurate understanding of their biological processes and improve methods for diagnosing and treating diseases.

Thus, research in the field of morphology of the parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs is of significant importance both for science and for practical veterinary medicine, which makes them extremely important and relevant.

Systemic scleroderma (SSc), also known as systemic sclerosis, is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, as well as vascular abnormalities. Atherosclerosis, the accumulation of lipids and fibrous tissue in arterial walls, is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with systemic scleroderma are at an elevated risk for developing atherosclerosis, with vascular damage playing a central role in its pathogenesis. This article reviews the multifactorial risk factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis in patients with systemic scleroderma, focusing on endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and other clinical factors. The goal of this article is to enhance the understanding of cardiovascular risk in this population and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and targeted interventions.

This article provides a detailed review of the essence of aerobiological monitoring, the importance of conducting palynological researches. It also provides information on the progress of aerobiological monitoring and scientific research in Uzbekistan. In addition, it will be possible to get acquainted with the results of research on the relationship between the pollination season and meteorological factors of some plants that has an allergenic feature in the city of Termez.

This article presents the results of research conducted on the germination of Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), one of the valuable medicinal plant species. It was found that under laboratory conditions, seed germination was high (91.4-93%) with an optimal germination temperature of 25-30°C. Field germination, however, was relatively low (17.7-24.5%), influenced by the seeds' anatomical structure and variable environmental conditions.

The article examines the latest advances in the study of the anatomy of the heart and blood vessels at the cellular level, as well as their impact on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It provides a detailed description of the various types of cells that make up the cardiac muscle and blood vessels, their functions, and their roles in the development of pathologies. Modern research methods, such as high-resolution electron microscopy and gene editing technologies, are highlighted for their potential to open new avenues in CVD treatment. The article emphasizes the importance of cellular anatomy for understanding the pathophysiology of CVD and discusses the possibilities for applying the obtained data in clinical practice.

The fractional composition, dispersibility, bulk density, and residual moisture of the γ-cyclodextrin derivative of Cobalt-30, the "Cobalt-30 neo" substance, were determined according to the applicable regulations. In developing the composition and technology of the capsules, the type and number of excipients were selected, taking into account the technological properties of the mass. The composition and technology of the "Cobalt-30" capsule were developed, and all these aspects were thoroughly studied in the article.