American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
11-18
10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue04-03
Advantages of Involving Professors-Teachers and Staff
in Sports Activities of The Institute for Re-Training and
Professional Improvement of Physical Education and
Sports Specialists
Neymatjon Mamadzhanov
Fergana State University, “Physical Culture Theory and Methodology” department, professor, ph.f.n., Uzbekistan
Akbarov Akhmatjon
Uzbekistan State University of Physical Education and Sports, Uzbekistan
Tolametov Abdujalil Abdujaparovich
Professor of the Department of "Sports Psychology, Social-Humanitarian and Natural Sciences" of the Institute for Retraining and
Advanced Training of Specialists in Physical Education and Sports, Uzbekistan
Soliev Shoir Umarovich
Laboratory assistant of the scientific department of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists in Physical
Education and Sports, Uzbekistan
Received:
09 February 2025;
Accepted:
12 March 2025;
Published:
08 April 2025
Abstract:
The article discusses the importance of involving professors, teachers and employees of the Institute for
Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists in Physical Education and Sports in sports. This process, in turn, is
aimed at strengthening their health and ensuring their physical development. Based on the analysis of
anthropological indicators, the positive effect of physical activity was identified in the studies. The results of this
analysis were reflected in research works that help to further explain the importance of physical education and
sports.
Keywords:
Physical education, sports, physical fitness, anthropological indicators.
Introduction:
Several important measures are being
implemented in our republic to ensure a healthy
lifestyle for the population. These measures are aimed,
in particular, at encouraging physical activity,
promoting healthy eating, and strengthening psycho-
emotional health. There are all opportunities for the
population of our country, regardless of age, gender,
profession, and level of training, to actively engage in
physical education and sports [3].
The purpose of physical education is to ensure the
physical health of people, increase physical activity,
and arouse interest in sports. In this process, the
formation of a healthy lifestyle through physical
education and anthropometric indicators of div
composition are of great importance. Also, in this
process, improving the psychological and emotional
state, further increasing their social activity in the
family and society, and at the same time, height, div
weight, arm and leg length, and chest width are very
important factors in div composition.
The purpose of the study is to determine the
effectiveness of physical education and sports in
increasing the level of physical development and
physical fitness indicators of professors and employees
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of
Specialists in Physical Education and Sports and to
study their impact on their physical condition.
Research objectives:
- To generalize and analyze the materials of the existing
scientific and methodological literature on the physical
fitness and physical fitness indicators of professors and
employees.
- To study the state of physical fitness of professors and
employees.
- To determine the effectiveness of the complex of
special exercises developed to have a positive effect on
the level of physical fitness of professors and
employees through pedagogical experiments.
Research methods. During our scientific research, we
used the following research methods:
–
Generalization and analysis of materials from
scientific and methodological literature;
–
Pedagogical observation;
–
Pedagogical experiment;
–
Mathematical and statistical analysis.
The level of study of the problem
. Based on the
generalization and analysis of the available scientific
and methodological literature and periodical materials
on the topic, the results of scientific research by
specialists on the level of health of people engaged in
physical education and sports from 40 to 60 years of
age and some aspects and structure of factors that
have a positive impact on it [5, 8, 11] show that, firstly,
the vast majority of programs used in practice, due to
their structural structure or the use of various devices
and equipment, are too dynamic and the volume of the
performed load is excessive, which leads to fatigue or
boredom of the participants during the training in a
shorter time than in other cases. At the same time, it is
noted that these two factors together can significantly
reduce the likelihood of optimizing the performed
loads and maximizing the capabilities of the
participants. Therefore, there is a great need for
studies that would allow quantitatively assessing the
positive effect of the volume of physical loads in new,
that is, planned programs, on the div of the
participants, taking into account their functional state
in a comprehensive and complete way. The results of
such scientific studies will allow the formation of
methodological
approaches
and
practical
recommendations for planning the volume of loads
when organizing training using special exercises of
varying complexity [5, 12].
Between the ages of 40 and 60, the human div
undergoes a relatively rapid aging process, which is
influenced by the external environment [2]. Such
changes in the human div are a physiological process,
and according to most researchers, they are not
considered a disease in the broad sense, but they lead
to a significant limitation of the div's functional
capacity and a slight decrease in its resistance to
external harmful factors. At the same time, the aging of
the human div is a biologically degradative process,
during which the div's adaptive capacity is
increasingly limited, various pathological changes
develop, and premature death of people may occur [9,
10].
The terms physiological and premature aging are
widely used in scientific and methodological literature.
Physiological aging is understood as the gradual
development and natural onset of changes in aging, as
well as the limitation of the div's ability to adapt to
environmental conditions [8].
Various complex pathological processes that lead to
rapid aging of people, the reasons for the early
appearance of signs characteristic of aging at a young
age are well known to specialists. Some diseases cause
people to look older than their age. These include
atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes,
hypothyroidism, obesity.
According to experts in the field I.Kh. Vakhitov, I.D.
Sitdikova, L.E. Alyasheva [4], aging occurs early and late
only due to biological reasons or always occurs on time,
only death is untimely.
L.I. According to Slonimskaya [11], physiological aging
of the div is understood as a very complex process
that begins in natural conditions and develops slowly,
limits the div's ability to adapt to the external
environment and is accompanied by an increase in the
likelihood of death.
R.E. Motylyanskaya [10] emphasizes that a healthy
lifestyle is of particular importance as a factor in
strengthening people's health, and as a result, human
health is interpreted as a socio-psychological category.
In addition to factors such as regular medical
examinations and awareness of their importance,
proper nutrition, full and regular observance of
personal hygiene rules, physical activity and physical
training, giving up harmful habits, and strict adherence
to a reasonable daily routine, people also pay attention
to their healthy relationship with the environment and
their level of health (values) during their activities, and
it is emphasized that their importance is no less than
the above-mentioned constituent components.
Pedagogical experiment
. The pedagogical experiment
was conducted from January 2024 to January 2025. It
was conducted by the scientific laboratory of the
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of
Specialists in Physical Education and Sports, with the
participation of professors, teachers and employees of
the institute: 12 people in the control group and 12
people in the experimental group.
While the control group's exercises were conducted
traditionally, based on the program, great attention
was paid to the use of a set of exercises developed by
us in the experimental group's exercises.
Group form of training. In the process of forming
groups for training, in accordance with hygienic
requirements, the composition of each physical
education exercise consisted of three parts:
preparatory, main and final parts. In the preparatory
part of the training (duration 10-15 minutes), a set of
gymnastic exercises was performed to prepare the
muscles and joints for the main part of the loads and
exercises that stimulate the activity of the aerobic
system. In the main part of the training (duration 35
minutes), microcycles that stimulate general fitness,
aerobic dances and exercises to develop strength were
performed (with additional weight of external objects,
with your own weight, venous div, isometric) and
flexibility exercises combined with stretching exercises
to develop muscle groups to develop various strength
and endurance were also used. The technique of
physical exercises is suitable for participants in this
group and is the best means of preventing joint
diseases. In the final part of the training (duration 10-
15 minutes), relaxation and recovery exercises,
stretching elements (for stretching various muscle
groups), and breathing exercises were performed. The
opinions of the participants were also taken into
account when selecting the exercises to be performed
when drawing up the training program. Strength
gymnastics exercises have their own characteristics and
a variety of tools, while they help improve the
functional state of the spine and respiratory system,
physical fitness and mental state.
To develop the div's flexibility, a static stretching
method (stretching) was used. In this case, the final
position of the exercise should be held for 15-30
seconds.
In the course of our scientific research, the participants'
div circumferences (Chest circumference - CA, Waist
circumference - BelA, Pelvis circumference - TA, Thigh
circumference - SA, Hip circumference - BA) were 1
mm. was carried out using a measuring tape with an
accuracy of up to
Organization of pedagogical research
.
The research was conducted in several stages:
Stage 1 (September 2023-January 2023) - study of
literature sources on the problem through theoretical
analysis
and
generalization.
Conducting
a
questionnaire survey. Control and experimental groups
were formed and the initial (at the beginning of the
experiment) results were recorded on the selected
tests.
Stage 2 (January 2024) - control tests and pedagogical
observations were conducted.
Stage 3 - (January 2024 - February 2025) included the
organization (retests) and conduct of the final part of
the pedagogical experiment. The participants of the
experiment (professors, teachers and employees of the
institute aged 40-60) were conditionally divided into
control (CG) and experimental groups (TG) of 12 people
each. (February 2025-March 2025) - generalization,
analysis and mathematical-statistical processing of the
obtained
experimental
results,
discussion,
interpretation, drawing conclusions and formalization
were carried out.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results obtained at the beginning of the
pedagogical experiment, anthropometric indicators of
the subjects, their main statistical characteristics, and
statistical reliability estimates based on the calculation
of the critical values of the Student distribution of the
relative differences and absolute differences of the
arithmetic mean values of the results, it was possible to
draw a conclusion that the experiment was
methodologically correct [1].
The following tables (Table 1) show the statistical
characteristics of the initial (test) and final (retest)
indicators during the experiment, allowing to assess
the effect of the 40-60-year-old participants belonging
to the control and experimental groups on the
individual indicators of their physical development, the
relative differences of the arithmetic mean values of
the results, and the statistical reliability estimates
based on the calculation of the theoretical critical
values of the Student distribution of the absolute
differences.
Table 1.
Comparison of the dynamics of changes in anthropometric indicators of professors,
teachers and employees of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of
Specialists in Physical Education and Sports in the control (CG, n=12) and
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experimental (TG, n=12) groups during the experiment
Tes
t
Grou
p
Be experienced
Final experience
Everything
t
Р
X
σ
В %
X
σ
В % АO
НO
1.
НГ
95,21
7,74 8,13
94,0
3
7,36
7,83
1,18 1,24
0,4
1
>0,6
ТГ
95,79
7,40 7,73
93,3
4
6,63
7,10
2,45 2,55
0,9
2
>0,3
2.
НГ
32,57
2,85 8,74
32,7
9
2,68
8,17
0,22 0,67
0,2
1
>0,7
ТГ
31,86
2,91 9,12
31,1
4
2,62
8,41
0,72 2,25
0,6
9
>0,4
3.
НГ
24,36
1,78 7,31
24,4
9
1,67
6,82
0,13 0,55
0,2
0
>0,7
ТГ
23,93
2,06 8,59
23,7
7
1,84
7,74
0,16 0,66
0,2
2
>0,8
4.
НГ
24,93
1,64 6,58
24,8
6
1,59
6,40
0,07 0,28
0,1
1
>0,9
ТГ
24,21
1,93 7,97
23,9
3
1,71
7,15
0,28 1,17
0,4
1
>0,6
5.
НГ
72,36
3,54 4,90
73,1
6
3,34
4,57
0,80 1,11
0,6
2
>0,5
ТГ
72,86
3,82 5,24
70,2
6
3,43
4,88
2,60 3,56
1,8
9
>0,0
5
6.
НГ
35,93
3,47 9,67
35,9
8
3,27
9,09
0,05 0,14
0,0
4
>0,9
ТГ
36,57
3,20 8,76
35,9
2
2,92
8,13
0,65 1,78
0,5
6
>0,5
7.
НГ
35,64
3,08 8,64
35,7
9
2,89
8,07
0,15 0,41
0,1
3
>0,8
ТГ
36,14
2,82 7,81
35,4
7
2,52
7,10
0,67 1,86
0,6
7
>0,5
Note:
for
convenience
and
conditionally,
anthropometric parameters are defined in table 1 and
diagram 1 as follows: 1- length of chest circumference
at rest, cm.; 2- length of neck circumference, cm.; 3- the
length of the left wrist circumference, cm.; 4- the
length of the right wrist circumference, cm.; 5- Waist
length, cm.; 6- the length of the circumference of the
left calf, cm.; 7-right calf circumference length, cm.
The analysis of the data presented in the table made it
possible to determine that the anthropometric
parameters of the faculty and staff of the Institute of
Retraining and Advanced Training of Physical Education
and Sports Specialists of the control group did not
change statistically reliably during the pedagogical
experience (diagram in Fig. 1). In particular, the largest
relative increase in this group during the experiment
was observed in indicator 1, which amounted to 1.24%,
and the smallest was in indicator 6, which amounted to
0.14%. The average relative difference of the studied
indicators for this group was 0.63%.
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Figure 1. Diagram comparing the average arithmetic values of anthropometric indicators of
40-60-year-old female medical workers belonging to the control and experimental groups and their
relative growth during the experiment (in percent)
It was possible to determine that the anthropometric
indicators of the participants of the experimental group
were better than those of the control group during the
pedagogical experiment, but did not change
statistically significantly. In particular, the largest
relative increase in this group during the experiment
was observed in indicator 5 and amounted to 3.56%,
and the smallest was in indicator 3, which amounted to
0.66%. It was found that the average relative difference
in the studied indicators for this group was 1.98%
(1.35% more than in the control group, compared to
0.63%). Table 2 and the diagram in Fig. 2 present the
statistical characteristics of the recorded indicators of
the physical training of teachers and employees of the
Institute of Retraining and Qualification of Physical
Education and Sports Specialists, as well as data on the
statistical reliability estimates based on the calculation
of the critical values of the Student distribution of the
absolute growth and the relative growth of the average
arithmetic values of the results during the experiment.
Table 2.
Comparison of statistical characteristics of physical fitness indicators of professors
and teachers of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists in
Physical Education and Sports in the control (CG, n=12) and experimental (TG,
n=12) groups and changes during the experiment
Test
Group
Be experienced
Final experience
Everything
t
Р
X
σ
В %
X
σ
В %
АO
НO
1.
ТГ
13,74
1,51 10,99 11,91
1,20
10,11
1,83 13,32 3,55
<0,01
НГ
13,27
1,41 10,63 12,39
1,25
10,09
0,88 6,63
1,75
>0,05
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2.
ТГ
9,08
1,18 12,95 7,63
0,93
12,14
1,45 15,97 3,62
<0,01
НГ
8,75
1,11 12,69 8,06
0,98
12,16
0,69 7,89
1,74
>0,05
3.
ТГ
6,02
0,78 12,96 7,28
0,88
12,09
1,26 20,93 4,01 <0,001
НГ
6,26
0,72 11,55 6,85
0,76
11,09
0,59 9,42
2,10
<0,05
4.
ТГ
2,98
0,39 12,99 3,53
0,43
12,12
0,55 18,46 3,57
<0,01
НГ
3,14
0,39 12,52 3,41
0,41
12,14
0,27 8,60
1,77
>0,05
5.
ТГ
6,94
0,83 11,96 8,09
0,90
11,12
1,15 16,57 3,51
<0,01
НГ
7,26
0,84 11,53 7,83
0,87
11,11
0,57 7,85
1,77
>0,05
6.
ТГ
122,97 13,49 10,97 145,98 14,79 10,13 23,01 18,71 4,30 <0,001
НГ
127,87 14,03 10,97 138,97 14,05 10,11 11,10 8,68
2,09
<0,05
7.
ТГ
18,17
2,17 11,94 21,24
2,36
11,11
3,07 16,90 3,58
<0,01
НГ
18,82
2,17 11,53 20,27
2,25
11,10
1,45 7,70
1,74
>0,05
8.
ТГ
2,94
0,38 12,93 3,43
0,42
12,13
0,49 16,67 3,25
<0,01
НГ
3,06
0,38 12,55 3,32
0,40
12,14
0,26 8,50
1,75
>0,05
Note: For convenience and conditionally, in Table 3 and
the diagram in Figure 2, the physical fitness indicators
are indicated in the following order: 1- 60 m. running
time, s.; 2- 3x10 m. running time, s.; 3- bending the
arms while lying on the hands (times); 4- bending
forward without bending the knees while standing,
cm.; 5- hanging on the gymnastic wall and raising the
legs until a right angle is formed, (times); 6- long jump
from a standing position (cm.); 7- high jump from a
standing position (cm.) and 8- bending forward while
sitting with the legs together (cm.).
Generalizing and analyzing the data presented in this
table, it can be seen that during the pedagogical
experiment, the smallest relative increase in physical
fitness indicators in the experimental group was
observed in indicator 1, which was 13.32%, while the
largest relative increase was observed in indicator 3,
which was 20.93%. The average relative increase in the
parameters studied during the experiment was 17.19%
(9.03% or 2.11 times higher than the corresponding
indicator of 8.16% in the NG) (see the diagram in Figure
2).
Figure 2. Diagram comparing the arithmetic mean values of physical fitness indicators of
participants in the experimental and control groups and their relative growth during the
experiment (in percent)
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
At the same time, it was found that the absolute
increases in the mean arithmetic values of the
anthropometric indicators of the TG participants during
the experiment were statistically insignificant in 7 of
them (between t=1.74 and t=1.77 and P> 0.05) and
statistically significant in one of them (between t=2.10
and P< 0.05), while 2 of them were statistically
significant at a high level of significance (between
t=4.01 and t=4.30 and P< 0.001) and the remaining six
were statistically significant at a good level of
significance (between t=3.25 and t=3.62 and P< 0.01).
During the pedagogical experiment, analyzing and
comparing this table, diagram and the above data, it
was observed that the average arithmetic values of the
recorded physical fitness indicators of the professors,
teachers and employees of the Institute for Retraining
and Advanced Training of Specialists in Physical
Education and Sports of NG and TG differed by at least
1.96 times and at most 2.22 times during the
experiment, and the advantage in this was on the side
of TG. It was found that the average relative increase in
the average arithmetic values of the indicators of NG
and TG differed by 2.11 times.
CONCLUSIONS
Generalization and analysis of the available scientific
and methodological, special literature and periodical
materials, as well as analysis of the results obtained in
the process of pedagogical experiment made it possible
to draw the following conclusions:
- currently, the preservation and strengthening of
health, the prevention of various diseases, the
improvement of physical education and health-
improving work with the population are of particular
social importance;
- the basis for further health-improving work of
professors, teachers and employees should be
increased physical activity, self-awareness in all
spheres of life, leading to a healthy lifestyle;
- the indicators of physical fitness of the participants of
the TG during the pedagogical experiment showed that
the smallest relative increase in the experimental group
during the pedagogical experiment was 13.32%, while
the largest relative increase was 20.93%. The average
relative increase in the parameters studied during the
experiment was 17.19% (9.03% or 2.11 times more
than the corresponding indicator of 8.16% in the NG).
- It was found that the absolute increases in the average
arithmetic values of the anthropometric indicators of
professors and employees during the experiment were
statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) in NG and
statistically significant (P < 0.05) in TG, while 2 in TG
were statistically significant (P < 0.001) and the
remaining six were statistically significant (P < 0.01).
- During the pedagogical experiment, it was observed
that the relative increases in the average arithmetic
values of the physical fitness indicators recorded by
professors and employees of the NG and TG institutes
differed by at least 1.96 times and at most 2.22 times,
with the advantage in this being on the side of TG. The
fact that the average relative growth of NG and TG
indicators differs by 2.11 times from the average
arithmetic values is proof of the effectiveness of the
tools and methods used in TG.
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