Vol. 5 No. 06 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 06

Lipedema, a chronic and progressive adipose tissue disorder, is characterized by disproportionate fat accumulation, primarily in the lower extremities, often leading to pain, bruising, and mobility impairment. Despite its significant prevalence and impact on quality of life, diagnosis remains challenging, frequently relying on clinical examination and patient history. Ultrasonography holds promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, offering insights into subcutaneous tissue characteristics. However, developing a standardized qualitative ultrasonographic classification for lipedema presents considerable challenges due to the heterogeneous nature of fat tissue, variability in disease presentation, and the subjective interpretation inherent in qualitative assessments. This article reviews the current diagnostic landscape of lipedema, explores the potential and limitations of ultrasonography, and critically examines the complexities involved in establishing a robust qualitative ultrasonographic classification. By outlining these challenges, we aim to guide future research towards more objective and standardized imaging criteria, ultimately improving the accuracy and consistency of lipedema diagnosis.

Objective: To validate the specialized questionnaire "NEURO-RMZh" for the differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain in patients with metastatic breast cancer and to compare its psychometric properties with existing validated instruments.

Materials and Methods:  A single-center prospective validation study was conducted, enrolling 111 patients with metastatic breast cancer. A comprehensive methodological approach was employed, including assessment of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct and criterion validity. Statistical methods included factor analysis, correlation analysis, ROC analysis, and multiple logistic regression. The DN4, BPI, SF-36, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaires were used as comparators.

Results: The "NEURO-RMZh" questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94). Its four-factor structure explains 73.6% of the total variance. The diagnostic performance of the questionnaire exceeds that of existing tools: sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 82.4%, area under the ROC curve 0.92. Likelihood ratios (LR+ = 5.10, LR- = 0.13) indicate the clinical significance of the test. Strong correlations were observed with SF-36 quality of life domains (r from -0.44 to -0.74).

Conclusion: The "NEURO-RMZh" questionnaire is a valid, reliable, and highly informative tool for the differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Its implementation may contribute to the optimization of diagnostics and personalization of therapeutic strategies in palliative oncology.

Basically, the morphometric parameters of the cells and fibrous structures of the kidney in the morphofunctionally actively stained areas were taken as the basis for expressing the trajectory of the values measured during the morphometry process within a certain range by numbers. The specific features of the morphometric parameters of the parenchymal and mesenchymal structures of the kidneys of 40 women who died from gestational pyelonephritis, who underwent autopsy at the Republican pathologoanatomical center of Uzbekistan, were studied using the Hamamatsu (QuPath-0.4.0, NanoZoomer Digital Pathology Image) morphometric software. To determine the morphometric parameters, the location, size, area occupied, size of cells, width of blood vessels, diameter, perimeter, volume of lumens in a given volume and other indicators were obtained. In the study, the superiority of all morphofunctional parameters over the control group was up to 1.35 times in the I-pregnancy, up to 1.2 times in the II-pregnancy, which was explained by the weakness of morphological adaptation mechanisms, a decrease in the age-related reactivity of vascular components.

Skin stem cells play a key role in maintaining homeostasis and regeneration of the epidermis, ensuring continuous renewal of the skin and restoration of damaged areas. The article discusses modern concepts of the morphological and functional features of skin stem cell niches, as well as the mechanisms of their activation and differentiation. The latest research aimed at using these cells in tissue engineering and transplantation technologies, which open up new prospects for the treatment of skin diseases and injuries, is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to biomedical approaches to managing regenerative processes using stem cells to improve the effectiveness of therapy and create artificial skin substitutes.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex morphofunctional system that ensures selective permeability between the bloodstream and tissues of the central nervous system. This article discusses the anatomical and histological structure of the BBB, its key functions in protecting the brain and maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of barrier function impairment in various pathological conditions - strokes, neuroinfections , neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. The consequences of BBB dysfunction and modern approaches to diagnostics and therapy, including pharmacological modulation and targeted drug delivery technologies are analyzed. The presented material emphasizes the importance of maintaining the integrity of the BBB for neuroprotection and treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders.

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability among humans [1,2]. In this regard, the development of herbal medicines not only for treatment but also for prevention is considered highly relevant. Dietary supplements (biologically active food additives or BAFAs) are mainly used as preventive agents [3].

This article provides information about medicinal plants used in medicine against diabetes, as well as in its prevention, and remedies, compositions, substances obtained on their basis, and their technologies. During the research, the results of studying dozens of representatives of local medicinal plants and their individual properties, as well as the properties of their collections, indications for use, in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the beneficial properties of medicinal plants and collections, and their technological properties are presented.

This article analyzes the market of sedatives registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the State Register, the main share is accounted for by imported medicines, while the share of domestic manufacturers is about 10%. Most of the drugs registered in the country were imported from India, Pakistan, China, and Russia. The forms of medicines and market prices were also analyzed.

This research work is devoted to the study of the technology and qualitative analysis of obtaining liquid extract from Polygonum hydropiper and Hypéricum perforátum plant raw materials. Percolation was used in liquid extract extraction. Ethyl alcohol of different concentrations was used as an extract. When conducting quality analysis, a spectrophotometric method was used.