American Journal Of Philological Sciences
345
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
345-347
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue05-94
The Use of The Lexical Variant of Phraseological Units in
The Language of Karakalpak Heroic Epics
Kutıbaeva Araylim Berdibay qızı
Doctoral student of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan
Received:
31 March 2025;
Accepted:
29 April 2025;
Published:
31 May 2025
Abstract:
The scientific article is devoted to identifying the usage features of variant phraseological units, including
lexical variants, in the language of Karakalpak heroic epics. The variant phraseological units found in the epics
have been analyzed and their meanings have been revealed.
Keywords:
Phraseologism, semantics, variant, dominant, synonym.
Introduction:
The study of phraseological variants is of
great scientific importance. Because, compared to
other types of language units, there are many variants
in phraseological word combinations. The variability of
sentences, as a lexico-grammatical phenomenon,
arises from the peculiarities of the natural growth of
language. Variability in the act of communication of
people with each other is often encountered in
phraseological units as a product of spoken language.
The change of some components in the structure of
phraseological units creates variability, and variant
phraseological units appear. The semantics of variant
phraseologisms are close to each other.
In linguistics, the issue of phraseological variation has
been deeply studied in the works of Y.Y.Avaliani,
L.I.Royzenzo, A.V.Kunin .
The
issue
of
phraseological variation in the Karakalpak language is
specifically addressed in articles in the dictionary of J.
Eshboev , in the monograph of S.T. Naurizboeva , and
in the works of G. Aynazarova and B. Yusupova .
Phraseologist scholars pay attention to the general
changes in the use of phraseological units in this
matter.
I.Kenesbaev , a scholar studying phraseology in Kazakh
linguistics, indicates two variants of the lexical variant
and the phonetic variant. Further
, G.Smaǵulova
comprehensively
studied
the
variability
of
phraseological units. In his work, he comprehensively
studied the lexical variant, phonetic variant,
morphological
variant,
and
lexical-grammatical
variants of phraseologisms and demonstrated them
with examples.
In the dictionary of S.T. Nauruzbaeva: "The change in
the components of the lexico-grammatical composition
of phraseological units, while preserving the inner
image and meaning, is called variability."
In Karakalpak linguistics, the study of the issue of
phraseological variation from a scientific and
theoretical point of view is of great importance. Despite
the fact that phraseological units in the Karakalpak
language have been collected and studied on a
scientific basis, the problem of variation in the
Karakalpak language has not been studied as a separate
scientific object to this day.
The following types of phraseological variants are
found in the Karakalpak language:
- Lexical
- Phonetic
Morphological
Lexical-grammatical
Among the variants of phraseologisms, the most
common are lexical variants.
For other types, this lexical variant serves as the basis.
The meaning "formal changes occur in the lexical
variants of phraseologisms" is preserved in its original
meaning. However, depending on the semantic
coloring of the changed components, their emotional-
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
346
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
expressive effectiveness for stylistic purposes can be
different.
For example:
kewli toldı –
kewli pitti: his soul was satisfied
–
his soul
was at ease
kewli jay
–
kewli toq: he felt calm
–
he felt content
These are mainly lexical variants, and in phraseologisms
the place of components is replaced by another word.
Such phraseological variation is also often encountered
in the dastans of the Karakalpak people. For example:
araǵa
ottı taslaw –
araǵa ottı salıw
to throw fire into the oil
–
to put fire into the oil
These expressions are figurative and typically mean "to
make a situation worse", similar to the English idiom
"to add fuel to the fire."
If Nuraddin had listened, it was not something to be
heard. Only he knew at that moment that Kenjembay
had threw fire into the oil. (Edige 92-page)
Kenjembay came and put fire into the oil," said
Nuraddin, standing right there. (Edige 92-bet)
In the examples given above, the component "taslaw"
(to throw) in the phraseological unit «araǵa ottı taslaw»
(to throw fire between them) is replaced with the word
"salıw" (to put), resulting in the variant «araǵa ottı
salıw». All of these phraseological expressions carry the
meaning of "causing conflict, stirring up trouble, setting
one person against another, etc." and serve as
examples of lexical variants within phraseological units.
In phraseological units, variability is formed in the
process of speech and shows the richness of our
language. In examples of oral literature, it is often used
to avoid repetition when expressing thoughts. For
example:
1.
"As I gazed upon her, I grasped her essence."
I was surprised by the swaddling clothes on her. (Edіge
143-page)
"The khan looked attentively around himself." (Edіge
166-page)
2.
"Speak clearly, my child, about your true
nature." (Qoblandi 30-page)
"O Khan, now declare it to us." (Qoblandi 33-page)
3.
"Let me tell you an interesting tale,
If you lend your ear, my lord khan." (Edіge 147
-page)
"Open your heart to my words,
Offer your ear and truly listen." (Edіge 161
-page)
In all the examples given above, the core components
of the phraseological variants remain unchanged, while
other components undergo alterations: názer etip
–
názer etip, bayan áyle
–
bayan et, qulaq qoyıw –
qulaq
salıw. In these cases, lexical variants do not replace the
words within the phraseological units.
Another type of lexical variant occurs when one word
in the phraseological word sequence is omitted or a
word is added. For example:
1.
"In a dream so beautiful, I found my way,
Yet even after breaking the world, it slipped away."
(Qiriq qiz 48- page)
"Forty days have passed since I rode my steed,
I shattered it, yet nowhere could I find its trace." ( Qiriq
qiz 48-page)
2.
In the open field,
Black blood is spilled. (Qiriq qiz 42- page)
The Khojas rode, each steed galloping alone,
Tasting bitter blood, enduring their own. (Qoblandi 70-
page)
In this case, the addition of the words "tas" (stone) and
"qara" (black) to the phraseological expressions "talqan
etiw" (shattered)
–
"tas-talqan etiw" (breaking) and
"qan jutıw" (Tasting bitter blood) –
"qara qanlar juttıw"
(Black blood is spilled) serves to further clarify the
meaning of the phraseological units. The components
of such phraseological variants cannot be substituted
with arbitrary words; they are constructed based on
specific linguistic principles, forming a distinct type of
lexical variant.
The presence of lexical variants of phraseological units
indicates their differences from other linguistic units.
Components in phrases or sentences that mainly have
a clear meaning cannot be replaced by any word
according to the laws of language, except for synonyms
that have a close meaning.
The difference between variation and phraseological
synonymy is the heterogeneity of one phraseological
unit. According to scientists, the phraseologism
undergoes some changes in its structure while
preserving its lexico-grammatical meaning. They are
diverse: lexical variants, phonetic variants, syntactic
variants, morphological variants, and extended and
shortened variants of phraseology. G.S. Goleva also
includes quantitative, orthographic, and mixed variants
of these types.
In general, the phraseological units contained in the
dastan are studied on the basis of the concept that they
are an inexhaustible source of our linguistic wealth,
passed down from the mouths of our zhyraus,
preserved in the memory of the country, becoming its
spiritual wealth.
It is advisable to keep in mind the use of phraseological
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
347
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
units formed by the speaker with their synonyms and
variants, without violating the traditional norm, in
order to convey the idea that the poet wants to express
in writers with artistic words.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, variant phraseologisms are a ready-made
means of artistic representation in the language,
enlivening the lexicon of the language of the dastan.
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