American Journal Of Philological Sciences
208
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
208-210
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue05-55
Thematic Groups of Odonyms Of the City of Nukus (On
the Example of Street Names)
Jarekeev Mukhammedyar Berdaxovich
Doctoral student of Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities, Uzbekistan
Received:
23 March 2025;
Accepted:
19 April 2025;
Published:
21 May 2025
Abstract:
In this article, we discussed godonyms studied in the field of toponymy in linguistics. A godonym (Greek
ὁδὸς
- "road") is the general name for any small objects in a city, including a highway, street, road, avenue, and
other small toponyms. In our work, we studied godonyms using the example of the city of Nukus, that is, we
divided the godonyms of the city of Nukus into thematic groups and tried to comment on them.
Keywords:
Toponymy, toponym, godonym, odonym, ethnonym, ethnotoponym, thematics.
Introduction:
An odonym is a linguistic term studied
within the science of toponymy. One of the most
important tasks of world onomatology today is the
regulation of all onomastic terminology. In the 1950s,
French linguists (J. Herbillon, A. Cornoy, L. S'auveur)
promoted the development of a terminological
apparatus for the study of toponyms and introduced
the term odonym (Greek ὁδὸς
- "path"). [4: 224]
The semantic meanings of toponyms provide valuable
information about the past, ethnic composition, social
status, ethnocultural life, rich oral literature, historical
figures, socio-political figures and renowned writers
and poets of the local population. By observing objects
and phenomena in the surrounding environment and
based on their characteristic features, people formed
diverse concepts about objects, and this phenomenon
is reflected in toponyms. The population formed
geographical names by comparing the characteristics of
geographical objects with each other or depending on
the specific characteristics of that object. For example,
while toponyms are characterized by denoting an
abundance of something, others, on the contrary, are
distinguished by their scarcity. Some are derived from
personal names, political terms, names of ethnic
groups, plant names, and even toponyms. Taking these
characteristics into account, the odonyms of the city of
Nukus can be divided into the following thematic
groups.
1) Street names named after historical figures.
Names, surnames, and nicknames are more commonly
found in the names of settlements, community centers,
and streets. Various extralinguistic factors contribute
to the transformation of anthroponyms into toponyms.
When transitioning to a toponymic system, they
perform the function of an attribute that distinguishes
an object from others. The influence of people's
psychology, worldview, and social environment is felt
to a certain extent in anthroponyms. [2, 95]
Four factors contribute to the transformation of
personal names into toponyms: 1) they are named
after the person who created the object and
contributed to its formation; 2) is named after the
person who owns the object; 3) a person's name (or
surname) was honored, and some object began to be
named after him; 4) a person's name is given as a name
to an object based on an official instruction or decision
(memorial toponyms). [1, 13
–
17]
Here are some examples of streets named after
historical figures in Nukus:
Ernazar Alako'z
–
fought for the freedom of the
Karakalpaks in the 19th century and was a national
hero of Karakalpakstan.
Sultan Ways
–
was a representative of the Sufi school
who lived in the 7th century. His full name was Ways
ibn Amir ibn Juz ibn Malik ibn Amr al-Muradi al-Qarani.
In the Beruniy district, at the foot of Qarataw, there is
a historical shrine and mausoleum of Sultan Ways Baba.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
Amir Temur
–
founder of the Timurid state in history.
Maxmud Qashqariy
–
A philologist from among the
Turkic-speaking people of the 10th century.
Beruniy
–
An encyclopedic scholar who lived in the
Middle Ages (973-1048), whose full name is Abu
Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni.
Murat shayx
–
One of the spiritual leaders of the
Karakalpaks in the first half of the 18th century in 1675-
1748.
2) Here are some examples of street names named
after political and public figures:
Allayar Dosnazarov
–
He is a renowned son of the
Karakalpak people who defined the borders of the
Republic of Karakalpakstan and granted it autonomy.
Islam Karimov
–
First President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
Nikolay Saraev
–
a participant in World War II. Hero of
the Soviet Union. He died in the city of Nukus (1914
–
1991).
Jollibay Izentaev
–
Academician of the Academy of Arts
of Uzbekistan. He was the head of the Karakalpak
branch of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan (1943-
2009).
Seyfulgabit Majitov
–
one of the founders of karakalpak
literature, who created the first karakalpak alphabet,
was a poet and playwright. In the 1920s, the first
textbooks for Karakalpak schools were created.
3) Names of streets named after heroes of Karakalpak
folklore.
Ormanbet biy
–
A legendary figure who ruled the
Karakalpaks during the Nogai period.
Jiyrenshe sheshen
–
He was a renowned orator who
lived in the 18th century, and legends and stories about
him have spread among the people. Jiyrenshe the
orator's conversations with Janibek Khan are included
in folklore works and oratory speeches.
Edige batir
–
A renowned military commander during
the Golden Horde at the end of the 14th and beginning
of the 15th centuries, founder of the Mang'it dynasty.
Tumaris
–
BC The king of the ancient Saka-Massagetae
tribes, who lived from 570 to 520. The historian
Herodotus wrote about Tomyris's war with the Persian
king Cyrus II. There are legends about this among the
people.
Alpamis
–
the main character of the heroic epic. This
epic is considered a common heritage for all Turkic
peoples. Eight variants of the dastan are widespread
among the Karakalpaks.
4) Street names named after writers and poets.
Jambil
–
classic poet of the kazakh people (1896
–
1945).
Xamid Olimjon
–
Uzbek poet (1909
–
1944).
Muxtar Awezov
–
a Kazakh writer and literary scholar,
the author of the world-renowned epic poem "The Path
of Abai."
Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin
–
a great Russian poet.
5) Street names named after scientists.
Qalli Ayimbetov
–
a Karakalpak Soviet literary scholar,
folklorist, writer, and translator. Doctor of Philological
Sciences, Professor.
Sabir Kamalov
–
a historian of the former Soviet Union
and Karakalpakstan, Doctor of Historical Sciences,
Professor, and Academician of the Academy of Sciences
of Uzbekistan.
6) Street names named after onomastic names.
When studying street names in Nukus city by thematic
groups, we can see that street names derived from
onomastic names (toponymic names, names of certain
professions, clan names) also constitute the majority.
In our work, we considered it appropriate to divide
each of them into groups:
a) Street names derived from toponymic names (city,
village, historical geographical site, lake, river,
mountain). Toponyms are the proper names of natural
and artificial (human) objects located on the land
surface. In the city of Nukus, there are many street
names formed from the names of cities, villages,
mountain ranges, and historical geographical objects:
Sarkop (Toponym from the epic poem "Qiriq qiz"
(“Forty girls”))
, Bozataw (One of the northern districts
of Karakalpakstan, bordering the Kegeyli, Nukus,
Kungrad, Qonliko'l, Shimbay, and Moynaq districts.),
Qizilqum (Sandy and rocky desert located between the
Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers), Darwazaqum (The
name of a village in the Kegeyli district. Front name -
Qizil asker, Qusxana (The name of a mountain in the
Bozatov district) e.t.c.
b) Names formed from the names of certain
professions. In the vicinity of the city of Nukus,
agriculture, animal husbandry, craftsmanship, and
other spheres have developed since ancient times, and
specialists in the manufacture of necessary tools and
equipment, household items have grown up. These are:
Nanbay (baker), Aral balıqshısı (Aral fisherman),
Balıqshı (fisherman), Baǵmanlar (Ga
rdeners), Zerger
usta (Jeweler), Temirshi (Blacksmith), Qayıqshı
(Boatman),
Kepserlewshi
(Welder),
Eskekshiler
(Rowers), Shabandozlar (Horsemen) e.t.c.
Other street names denoting professions and positions
occupy a significant place in the toponymy of Nukus
city.
Saqshılar
(Guards),
Isbilermen
(Entrepreneur),
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
Shegarashılar (Border guards), Qurılısshı (Builder),
Huqıq qorǵawshılar (Law enforcement), Kompozitor
(Composer),
Baylanısshı
(signalman),
Shıpaker
(Doctor), Oqıtıwshılar (Teachers), Temir jolshılar
(Railway workers) e.t.c.
c) Street names derived from clan names. Ethnonymy
is closely related to toponymy, because ethnic names
are often derived from toponyms, and toponyms are
formed based on the names of clans, tribes, and
peoples. Ethnonyms are considered ancient layers of
language.
Ethnonyms play a significant role in the study of the
toponymy of a particular place. Commenting on this, S.
Qorayev indicates that ethnotoponyms constitute one-
fifth of Karakalpakstan's toponymy. [3, 191
–
192]
We have identified 19 ethnotoponyms derived from
clan names in the city of Nukus. These are:
Uygir dead end, Qiyat abat, Kipchak, Nayman, Noghay,
Mangit, Nayman Avenue, Aqmangıt highway,
Aqmangit, Qiyat jargan, Baymaqli, Qiyat qala, Qonirat,
Qitayli, Naymanli, Baymaqli awil, Qanli, Qiyat, Keneges.
7) Political street names during the period of
independence:
Doslıq
(Frienship),
Miymandos
(hospitable),
Erkin
Qaraqalpaqstan
(Free
Karakalpakstan), Jarqın keleshek (Bright future),
Ózbekstan (Uzbekistan), Ǵárezsizlik (Indepen
dence),
Haqıyqatlıq (Truthfulness), Azatlıq (Freedom), Xalıqlar
doslıǵı (Friendship of nations), Qaraqalpaqstannıń 60
jıllıǵı
(60th
Anniversary
of
Karakalpakstan),
Ǵárezsizliktiń 5 jıllıǵı (5th anniversary of independence)
e.t.c.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, in this study, we divided the toponyms of
the city of Nukus into 7 categories according to their
thematic features: 1) street names named after
historical figures; 2) street names named after political
and public figures; 3) street names named after heroes
of Karakalpak folklore; 4) street names named after
writers and poets; 5) street names named after
scientists; 6) street names named after onomastic
(toponymic names, names of certain professions, clan
names) names; 7) Political street names during the
independence period.
REFERENCES
Begmatov E. Place names are a mirror of spirituality.
–
Tashkent: Ma'naviyat, 1998.
Dusimov Z. Toponyms of Khorezm.
–
Tashkent: Fan,
1985.
Qorayev C. Toponyms of the regions of Uzbekistan.
–
Tashkent: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2005.
Yegorova L.V. On the issue of studying godonyms in the
modern paradigm of linguistic research // Bulletin of
Chuvash University. 2018. No. 2.
