American Journal Of Philological Sciences
173
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
173-177
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue05-46
Neologisms in Newspaper Text
Kallibekova Gulnara Palbekovna
Docent of Karakalpak State University, Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences. PhD, Uzbekistan
Received:
20 March 2025;
Accepted:
16 April 2025;
Published:
18 May 2025
Abstract:
The article analyzes neologism words entering the Karakalpak literary language. Neologism states that
words have been largely identified by the formal message genre as processes of collation in other genres.
International terms and neologism are compared in a number of examples of words.
Keywords:
Neologism, genre, journalism, publicism, news, newspapers, languages, foreign languages.
Introduction:
Among the information genres, the most
relevant is the news genre. And the genre of official
communication provides official information. The
types, significance, language, and style of the genre
have been extensively studied by scholars. In particular,
Mukhtar Khudaykulov also has a number of works. In
the section “The World Reflects in News” of his book
“Journalism and Publicism,” he explains the main
content of the news well: “News encompasses all
aspects of social life - socio-political, economic,
industrial, and cultural-spiritual. There is not a single
aspect of human social activity that is not expressed in
this genre.” [1] Explanations were given to both official
and unofficial (simple, everyday) news. Official reports
are usually issued by official agencies and through news
agencies. Unofficial reports are prepared based on
reports written by correspondents, letters received by
the editorial office, and press materials. [2] In the mass
media, official reports mainly cover the President's
official visits, the content of new laws, decrees, and
resolutions.
Newspapers
such
as
«Erkin
Qaraqalpaqstan»,
«Qaraqalpaqstan
jasları»,
«Qaraqalpaq
ádebiyatı»,
«Qaraqalpaqstan
mádeniyatı», «Qaraqalpaqstan sportı» («Tourism and
sport»), «Qaraqalpaq universiteti» are actively
participating in this process. We have analyzed the
language and style of official news materials in these
newspapers using a number of examples. It can be
noted that the process of the entry of neologisms into
our language is also connected with the genre of official
news. Another distinctive feature of official news is the
introduction of international terms and neologisms
into the Karakalpak literary language. We can highlight
the equivalents of some of these lexical units in the
official report, but some have to be accepted in this
form. For e
xample, in the official news “Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Measures to
Raise the Involvement of Youth in Mass Sports in
Mahallas to a New Level” (newspaper “Tourism and
Sport,” March 19, 2022, No. 12), 25 lexical units
borrowed from foreign languages were used.
Specifically, final, federation, association, investor,
selection, sector, certification, category, rating,
motivation, booklet, banner, creative, video, seminar,
certificate, veteran, team, club, infrastructure, object,
budget, broadcast, process, media. The following
example: In the official report on the topic “Resolution
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
measures to create a school of sports mastery in
gymnastics of Oksana Chusovitina” lexical units
borrowed from other languages are used from 18 titles.
For example: perspective, parameter, process,
professional, form, standard, tactics, team, reserve,
status,
contingent,
normative,
product,
implementation, charter, estimate, expert review,
assembly.
The daily press regularly reflects the life of various
spheres of society. In addition to articles prepared by
journalists, articles will also be published by specialists
in the field. If we pay attention to their style of
contextual expression, there are neologisms. For
example: “At the same time, internet classrooms
equipped with modern computers, electronic reading
rooms, and Wi-Fi zones at the center are providing
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
great assistance to young people in acquiring in-depth
knowledge and familiarizing themselves with world
sciences” (“Qaraqalpaqstan jasları” 2023.23.02. No. 7
-
8) “Young Scientist Intends to Study the Transformation
Between
Russian
and
Karakalpak
Languages”
(“Qaraqalpaqstan jasları” 2023.05.01. No. 1). “The
gallery of the era appears before our eyes in the line by
Saginboy Ibragimov “The seed stuck in the pit”
(“Qaraqalpaqstan jasları” 2023.05.01. No.1). “At the
end of the briefing, the event participants got
acquainted with the work of the central laboratory and
water distribution station of the limited liability
company “Karakalpak water supply,” receiving a broad
idea of how to provide the population with clean and
safe drinking water” (“EQ” 12/30/2023. No. 156)
Neologisms are found in the titles of articles prepared
by specialists in the newspaper language. As an
example, we can cite the article “Nostrification
- what
is it?” in the section “It's good that you know.” “I've
been carried away by emotions, and now I'll continue
writing about the exhibition. The white kiymeshek and
white jegde complement each other, adorning the
display window as if sharing life experiences with
others, symbolizing the wisdom and wisdom of our
elderly mothers” (“Qaraqalpaqstan jasları” 2023.12.01.
No. 2). Words like “WiFi zone,” “transformation,”
“gallery,” “nostrification,” “window,” and “briefing”
have recently entered the Karakalpak literary language
as neologisms. The newspaper “Qaraqalpaqstan
jasları” has made a special contribution to the
development of the Karakalpak literary language.
Because it can be noted that there are several units in
journalistic articles published in newspapers that
contribute to the enrichment of our lexicon.
The peculiarities of the use of foreign words in
newspaper language. “All employees at the point are
trained in IT PARKS and have the skills to work with
computer equipment” (“EQ” 2024.23.04. No. 48). The
leaders visited a pavilion organized under brand “Made
in Uzbekistan” (“EQ” 2024.23.04. No. 48). “In our
country’s media landscape, the volume and speed of
information flow, the number of internal and external
forces, and the facts of fake news, manipulation, and
disinformation are increasing” (EQ, 20.04.2024). No.
47). The words “IT
-
PARK,” “Made in Uzbekistan,” “fake
news,” and “dezinformation” from the examples
entered our language through a foreign language. Such
words can be found in almost every text. Foreign words
are widely used in article texts. For example: “The
Mobile-
ID system” provides for the identification of
users of the “Electronic Government” system, the
identification of a citizen through their mobile phone
number.” At the same time, identification of a person
using the Mobile-
ID system is carried out at the citizen’s
request by the state services center or notary office, or
through the mobile application of the Unified
Interactive State Services Portal. “When a citizen uses
the mobile application of the Unified Interactive State
Services Portal, a remote biometric identification (Face-
ID) method or an electronic digital signature on their ID
card is used to obtain identification using the Mobile-ID
system” (“Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan” 2023.24.01. No. 7)
The plenary session was broadcast live via the Senate’s
YouTube channel” (Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan, August 8,
2023, No. 91-
92). “In particular, new institutions have
been introduced into the judicial process, such
institutions as reconciliation, preliminary hearing,
mediation, as well as the legality and validity of court
decisions
have
been
improved”
(“Erkin
Qaraqalpaqstan” August 8, 2023, No. 91
-92). The
“Business Breakfast”
event brought entrepreneurs
together. (Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan, August 8, 2023, No.
91-92) The following terms were used in the articles:
Mobile-ID system, mobile phone, portal, mobile
application, identification, Face-ID, ID-card, YouTube,
mediation, Business Breakfast. These lexical units are
presented in a concise form in newspaper language for
the purpose of explaining to the general public.
In issue No. 1 of the newspaper “Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan”
dated January 6, 2022, in the section “On the Paths of
Scienc
e”, an article by Arzi Pazilov was published under
the title “A scientist devoted to his profession, an
experienced teacher.” There are neologisms in this
article. News in various spheres of society is widely
discussed in the press. In particular, journalists and
specialists in this field prepare articles about ongoing
research in the field of science. The above-mentioned
article provides information about the scientific works
of a scientist who worked fruitfully in the field of
science. The article tells about Doctor of Pedagogical
Sciences Djumasheva Gulnara Khamidulla qizi. He
talked about her achievements in science, scientific
works, mentors, students and family. Neologisms were
used to convey innovations and achievements in the
field. For example: “He
set himself the goal of drawing
important conclusions regarding the development of
Karakalpak language communication skills in preschool
and primary school-aged children under the conditions
of bilingualism, as well as providing relevant
recommendations.”
In this example, we can see a word
not previously encountered in the Karakalpak literary
language. This word is also considered a new lexical
unit for newspaper readers. The word “bilingualism” in
the text is one of the neologisms specific to the field of
education. Such neologisms presented in the press
enrich the language’s lexicon. Thus, neologisms are
assimilated into our language through their repeated
use in articles published in regular newspaper
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
headings. For example: “To achieve the goal, it was
possible to improve the pedagogical and psychological
capabilities of developing children's speaking skills in
the Karakalpak language in preschool institutions and
primary grades of general education schools under the
conditions of bilingualism, to ensure linguodidactic and
pedagogical diagnostics of the methodology of
teaching Karakalpak to children studying in Russian, to
identify a model for the formation of children's
speaking skills in the Karakalpak language under
bilingual conditions, a number of com
ponents.”
Use of foreign words in newspaper headings. The
article entitled “For the first time in our capital” in the
section “Digital Forum Karakalpakstan –
2024” was
prepared by the author G. Saparova. In the “Festival"
section, a report titled “Let's A
ppreciate Interethnic
Harmony” was prepared by the Karakalpakstan News
Agency. In the “Action” section, a message titled “I Will
Gift a Book to My Child” was prepared by D.
Joldasbayeva.
Seminar-
training
“Women’s
Entrepreneurship”
(“Erkin
Qaraqalpaqstan”
2023.24.01. No7) was prepared under the authorship
of journalist Z. Erekeeva. The names of these sections
are indicated based on neologisms.
Using foreign words as a topic. We encounter them in
newspapers outside of context, in lines given as
headlines and
sections. For example: “An online citizen
reception
was
held”
(“Erkin
Qaraqalpaqstan”
2023.24.01. No7) was prepared by the Karakalpakstan
Information Agency. “Help Was Provided Through a
Subsidy” (“Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan” 2023.14.02. No16)
was authored by K.
Abibullayev. “Central Asian Inter
-
Parliamentary Forum: Mutual Trust in the Region Will
Be Strengthened” (“Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan” 2023.14.02.
No16) was prepared by Uzbekistan Information
Correspondents. The words “online,” “subsidy,” and
“forum” in the exam
ples are foreign words and are
becoming increasingly popular through the language of
newspapers.
Neologisms in an interview. “Man. Society Law” section
“Counterfeit goods. What is this? (EQ, 14.03.2024) An
interview was given on the topic No32. For example:
“The Ministry of Justice, in cooperation with other
government bodies and organizations, is holding a
counterfeit-
free month throughout the country” (“EQ”
14.03.2024). No. 32. “Today, the most frequently
violated intellectual property rights in our country, as
well as worldwide, are trademark rights. That is, the
production of goods using someone else's brand
without permission” (“EQ” 2024.14.03. No. 32.
Neologisms were used as follows: counterfeit goods,
counterfeit moon, counterfeit product, brand.
Neol
ogisms in the road sketch. “Fergana Impressions”
(From the Journalist’s Travel Notebook) (“EQ”
01.09.2018). In the road sketch on the topic No4), that
is, in its leading texts, neologisms are used. For
example: December 17-24, 2017. In Fergana, the
Creative Union of Journalists of Uzbekistan, the Public
Fund for Supporting NGOs and other Civil Society
Institutions under the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the regional administration, and the
Uzbekistan Republic Commodity Exchange organized
the VII traditional Chimgan Educational Media
Conference on the topic “Action Strategy: Progress of
Reforms and Mass Media.” No. 4). More than 100
journalists from Navoiy, Bukhara, Samarkand, Andijan,
Namangan, Fergana, Tashkent regions, and the
Republic of Karakalpakstan participated in the training
media camp. No. 4). After this, the seminar participants
took part in the opening ceremony of the photo
exhibition of famous photojournalists Sh. Karabaev and
M. Kadyrov “Scenes of Life in the Objective” at the
Regio
nal Museum of Local Lore (“EQ” 01.09.2018). No.
4).”
We will pay attention to the neologisms used in regular
newspaper sections, special sections, and headlines.
The newspaper “Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan” published a
congratulatory message from the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, titled “To
Railway Transport Workers!” on August 8, 2023, in
issues 91-92. We pay attention to the neologisms in the
text. For example, large industrial enterprises equipped
with modern technologies have been built, wagon
production, and the modernization and repair of
locomotives, freight, and passenger cars have been
established. “Today, our country, as a country with
modern transport communications and high transit
potential, is rightfully proud of the fact that it has
become an important hub of international railways
connecting East and West, South and North.” “We all
understand very well that we still have a lot to do in
modernizing
our
country's
railway
system,
implementing large and promising projects with the
broad attraction of foreign investment in the industry,
as well as training modern personnel who think in a
new way and faithfully serve our Motherland.” Here,
we
consider
the
words
“locomotives,”
“modernization,” “transit potential,” “investment,”
“promising projects” as neologisms. These words were
not previously found in our dictionaries. In the
information age, these new words have entered our
literary language. In newspaper language, we observe
neologisms in every genre. Because in a developing era,
new words enter our language in connection with every
field, and the scope of word usage also expands.
In the “Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan” newspaper’s “Thoughts
after the “Golden Pen
-
2023” competition” section, we
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
focus on the neologisms used in the articl
e “In the
Stream of Joyful Moments.” For example: “It is difficult
to put into words the excitement of creative people
when winners begin to appear in each nomination”
(“Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan,” 03/23/2023). No. 58) “Over
the past 99 years, countless talented journalists have
worked for this newspaper, and the publication
certainly occupies a worthy place among the people,”
says K. Bainiyazov, looking with admiration at the
“Golden Pen” statuette that he holds in his hand. No.
58) The words “nomination” and “statuette” in the
examples have become popular in our literary language
due to their frequent use in the media.
The article entitled “Reforms serve the well
-being of
the people” in the newspaper “Erkin Karakalpakstan”
was prepared by Dawit Abibullaev, a columnist for the
Karakalpakstan Information Agency. The article
contains neologisms that are part of our socio-political
vocabulary and are often used. For example: “All the
noble work being carried out is aimed at creating
decent living conditions for the region's population,
further improving the infrastructure of mahallas and, as
a result, creating all the opportunities for a prosperous
life for the population” (“EQ” 12/10/2023. No. 122) The
article “A school building has been put into operation
in the Ka
raozek district” prepared by the
Karakalpakstan information agency was published in
the “Erkin Karakalpakstan” newspaper in the
“Education” section. For example: we got acquainted
with the conditions created for students in the new
school building built in the New Uzbekistan housing
estate (EQ 12/10/2023. No. 122) In these examples, the
words “infrastructure” and “massive” have entered as
neologisms. Recently, the language of the newspaper
can be found in almost every language of the media.
Thus, when we read newspaper materials, we find that
many neologisms enter our language. Whether it is an
official announcement or a report, we encounter
foreign words in all texts and newspaper headlines.
The front page of the newspaper publishes official
news, laws and official congratulations. These texts
contain new terms, neologisms and foreign words.
Such neologisms are gradually integrated into the
literary language through repeated use in the text. For
example, in the newspaper “Erkin Karakalpakstan”
dated August 8, 2023 No 91-
92 published “Information
on the forty-third plenary session of the Senate of the
Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.” “The
legislation defines the activities of service providers in
the field of mining and turnover of crypto assets, and
notes that these types of activities are carried out on
the basis of licensing and permitting procedures.” The
types of service providers defined are crypto exchange,
mining pool, crypto depository and crypto store. In this
regard, the laws “On State Duty” and “On Licensing,
Permitting and Notification Procedures” are being
supplemented and amended to provide for the
definition of new types and subtypes of licensed
activities (crypto-exchange, mining pool, crypto-
depository and crypto-shop), as well as mining
activities carried out on the basis of a permit document.
In addition, an amendment has been made to the Law
"On State Duty" providing for the introduction of a
state duty for legal entities receiving a license to
operate as service providers in the field of crypto-asset
turnover, as well as granting the National Agency for
Promising Projects the authority to determine its
amount and payment procedure. Neologisms include
words such as mining and turnover of crypto assets,
provider, crypto-exchange, mining pool, crypto-
depository and crypto-shop, mining activity, promising
projects.
One of the industry newspapers of Karakalpakstan is
the
newspaper
“Qaraqalpaqstan
sporti.”
The
newspaper highlights a number of decisions taken in
our country regarding the further development of
sports, as well as the main tasks set out in the
designated points. English terms are often used in the
language of official communications. The newspaper
began publication on November 27, 1997. The
newspaper’s motto: “Sport is the am
bassador of
peace.” Ministry of Sports Development of the Republic
of Karakalpakstan, editorial staff. Editor-in-chief
Allanazar Abdiev. The May, June, July and August issues
of the newspaper, which covers sports news, set out
the contents of a number of resolutions on the further
development of the industry. The newspaper is
published once a week in A3 format, with a circulation
of 890 copies. Issue 23-24 of the newspaper dated
August 5, 2022 published: “Resolution of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan on measures for the
further development of taekwondo (WT).” The
resolution outlines measures for the further
development of taekwondo (WT). However, a number
of neologisms were productively used in the language
of the narrative. For example, one of the tasks defined
in the resolution is stated as follows: “taekwondo,
direction “Pumse” (poomsae), Korea International
Cooperation
Agency
(KOICA),
project
“Kids
taekwondo,” level “G2,” international tournament
“Uzbekistan Open.” Therefore, it should be note
d that
sports news in national and industry newspapers is one
of the genres that popularize neologisms characteristic
of sports.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, in journalism, issues of language and
style, oratory skills, analysis and editing of media texts
should be carried out in accordance with the theory
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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and practice of media linguistics. In this section we have
analyzed neologisms found in the language of the
official communication genre, neologisms in the
interview genre, neologisms in editorials, neologisms in
essays, neologisms found in newspaper columns,
neologisms found in newspaper headlines. Among
them, a wide use of neologisms was revealed in the
genre of official information published on the title page
of the newspaper. It is also found in other genres of
journalism, but first it is presented in the text of an
official report, and then it is popularized, moving to
other genres. Neologisms in newspaper texts improve
the lexical fund of the Karakalpak literary language.
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