American Journal Of Philological Sciences
121
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
121-123
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue06-33
A Look at The Life and Work of Haji Muin
Kenjayev Farkhod Ikram ugli
junior researcher of the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Uzbekistan
Received:
14 April 2025;
Accepted:
10 May 2025;
Published:
12 June 2025
Abstract:
The article briefly touches upon the life and work of Hoji Muin Shukurullo o'g'li, one of the
representatives of the Jadid movement.
Keywords:
Historical period, Progressive poet, Rich and Jadid, Stand on your feet, civilized nations.
Introduction:
The Jadid movement emerged during a
complex and contradictory period. Representatives of
this movement emphasized the need to reform all
spheres of public life, for which, first of all, it is
necessary to educate the people and make them realize
their identity. We know that they were called "Jadids"
because they strived against the old ways. The
historical period placed a great responsibility on their
shoulders - to lead the peoples of Turkestan towards
building an enlightened, comprehensively developed
society.
Alongside Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat,
Munavvar qori Abdurashidxonov, Abdulla Avloniy,
Abdulla Qodiriy, Cho'lpon, and Hamza Hakimzoda
Niyoziy, the enlightener Hoji Muin holds a special place.
The progressive poet Haji Muin Shukrulla o'g'li was
born on March 19, 1883, in the Ruhobod district of
Samarkand. His father, Shukrullo, was a merchant and
died at the age of 32. Having lost both his father and
mother at the age of twelve, Haji Muin was raised by
his grandfather Mirsaid Muhammadsharif, the imam of
the Ruhabad neighborhood mosque. Haji Muin, who
studied first in an old school and then in a madrasa,
learned the rules of the Arabic language from the
renowned teacher and poet of his time, Sayidahmad
Vasli, and fell in love with classical poetry.
His acquaintance with Mahmudhoja Behbudi at his
teacher Vasli's house in 1903 marked the beginning of
a new era in his life. In 1908, as a progressive Jadid
teacher, he wrote the alphabet textbook "Rahnamoi
Savod." In 1914, he opened a private "usuli jadid"
school called "Tarbiyat" in his home. In 1908, Haji Muin
wrote "Rahnamoi Savod" in Persian and the alphabet
book "O'qituvchi" in Uzbek in collaboration with
Ismatulla Rahmatullazoda.
From the 1900s, Haji Muin wrote poems on traditional
themes under the pseudonyms "Nahif" (Weak) and
"Mehri," and from 1908, under the influence of his
mentor Mahmudhoja Behbudi, he began to write
poems and journalistic articles in the spirit of
enlightenment.
Haji Muin, who praised Mahmudkhoja Behbudi's
"Padarkush" in the press, soon began writing his own
stage works. In the play "Old School, New School," the
difference in the educational system between the old-
method school and the new-method school is depicted,
and the "new-method school" is praised, while in
theatrical works such as "Wedding," "Poppy," and "The
Oppressed Woman," bad habits that have become
fashionable among the people are condemned. In
addition, plays such as "Victims of Education," "Victims
of Prostitution," "The Rich Man and the Servant," and
"The Judge and the Teacher" were also staged. Many of
the themes raised in his plays have not lost their
relevance even today, at the beginning of the 20th
century. For example, in the play "Toy" (Wedding), the
extravagance at weddings and dislike for society's
innovations are revealed through the characters of Boy
and the Jadid Mirzo.
Boy's - Yes! This is also by God's grace! This money had
been burning for eight years. Look at the fate of these
wretched wedding-lovers, whom God threw down
from above. We had tied up ten thousand rubles for the
wedding expenses! This amounted to fifteen thousand
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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rubles.
Mirzo - Boy amaki! So you were planning to spend
fifteen thousand rubles on your wedding? Is your
wedding a circumcision ceremony or a wedding? To this
question, Boy replies that circumcision is a wedding.
In the play "Old School, New School," he supports
proponents of enlightenment and innovation.
Miyon Buzruk Solihov, in his book "Materials for the
History of Uzbek Theater," evaluates Hoji Muin as
"wrote the most plays before the February Revolution"
and "written with a certain degree of courage." We can
see that the creator's political thoughts are also quite
progressive. In the August 13, 1918 issue of the
newspaper "Voice of the Working People," Hoji Muin's
article "What do we need?" was published. "It is a
thousand times better to die with honor on the path of
rights and freedom than to live shamelessly under
oppression in this world. O people of Turkestan! Get
up! Suppress your enemies! Protect your homeland! O
son of the Turkestan Turk! Take your weapon! Shoot
your enemy! Protect your freedom!"
In 1929, Haji Muin was exiled by the GPU to the
Pugachan district of the Kapek district of Siberia on the
pretext of making a technical error in "Ovozi tojik."
After returning to his homeland from exile in 1932, he
worked as a literary employee in the Tajik branch of the
Uzbek State Publishing House in 1932-1934, and in
1934-1937, he worked at the military newspaper "Qizil
Yulduz," which was a publication of the 19th Uzbek
Mountain Cavalry Division. The experienced publicist
Haji Muin also played a significant role in the
newspaper's popularity among the general public.
His proofreading will bring misfortune again. The name
of the "enemy of the people, condemned to execution,
Muralov" is replaced by the name of the famous figure
of those years, Molotov. Accusing Haji Muin of
committing this act consciously, he was arrested again
by the Soviet punitive authorities on January 24, 1938.
Haji Muin was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the
ominous "troika" of the NKVD on fabricated charges of
"engaging in anti-Soviet propaganda," "espionage,
sabotage," and "serving British intelligence." According
to information, he died on July 21, 1942, in the city of
Solikamsk, Perm Oblast. The pure name of the great
son of our people, our Jadid ancestor, Haji Muin, was
honored in 1963.
In the journal "Oyna," issue 2, 1913, Haji Muin writes
in his article "The Sorrow of the Future": "It is known
that the progress of every nation is through knowledge,
and the future of a nation with knowledge is bright, and
even in its own peace, grandeur and respect appear
before foreigners. One of the characteristics of
scholarly and progressive nations is that they have
regular primary schools and various secondary and
higher madrasas. The children who graduated from
these madrasas became active people, taking on jobs -
crafts, trade, and religious positions befitting their
status and rank. In this way, civilized nations manage
their own affairs, living in comfort and comfort without
needing others for any reason. They study religious and
secular sciences and subjects as needed in their
madrasas. They will not give up their religion for you,
nor their worldly affairs.
Thus, the life and happiness of a people lie in
knowledge. In his article "The Sorrow of the
Homeland," he sorrowfully writes about the glorious
past of Turkestan and the loss of unity in subsequent
periods, the weakening of science and enlightenment.
"In ancient times, I was considered one of the
prosperous and blessed lands of the world because I
was a center of science and culture. This was because
the Samarkand now lying in my embrace (consisting of
ruins) was called "Samarkand like paradise." He was
one of my true sons, a warrior, and I will never forget
the happiness and prosperity I experienced during the
reign of the world conqueror Timur. Oh! It so happened
that my last children distanced themselves from
knowledge and education. They deviated from the path
of their ancestors. Why did they abandon the education
inherited from their fathers and choose ignorance?
Why did they abandon unity and engage in discord and
strife?... Due to this depravity and immorality, they
separated from each other and were easily swallowed
by strangers, ending their future. Meanwhile, the
madrasas and observatories, like mountains of cultural
artifacts above me, have also become ruins."[2]
In his article "Language Issue," Haji Muin emphasizes
that special attention should be paid to our mother
tongue - the Turkic language - for the unity of the
nation, and emphasizes the need to protect it like our
own life and rights. In addition, the creative work
"Education of Our Youth and Girls," "Youth! The hope
of the nation is only in you," he emphasizes the need
for a serious approach to the education of youth for the
future of the country, and in the article "Bribery and
Corruption," he criticizes corruption, which seriously
harms the development of society. It warns of its
negative consequences for future generations.
Unfortunately, the critical opinions expressed by Haji
Muin in his time remain relevant today. Haji Muin was
right, especially regarding the Turkic language.
In general, Haji Muin was one of the progressive
thinkers of his time. His work is also dominated by
thoughts about the changes taking place in society,
concern for today and the future, and what specific
actions should be taken for the development of the
country.
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
123
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
In Uzbek literature, interest in the work of the
enlightener Haji Muin is growing, in particular, in 2008
Karshiyev Gulabza Alikulovna defended her candidate
dissertation on the topic "Ideological and Artistic
Features of the Dramaturgy of Haji Muin Shukrullo.
REFERENCES
Hoji Muin. Istiqlol qayg‘usi // Oyina. –
Toshkent:
1913/2.
Hoji
Muin. Yurt qayg‘usi // Hurriyat. –
Toshkent: 1917-
yil, 10-noyabr
Hoji Muin. Til masalasi // Mehnatkashlar tovushi
–
Toshkent: 1918-yil, 20-avgust.
Hoji Muin. Yoshlarimiz va qizlar tarbiyasi //
Mehnatkashlar tovushi
–
Toshkent: 1918-yil, 28-iyun.
https://kh-davron.uz/kutubxona/jadidlar-
kutubxona/begali-qosimov-hoji-muin-qismati.html
