American Journal Of Philological Sciences
55
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
55-57
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue06-16
A New Approach to Creating an Independent Corps
Unarova Dilafruz Abdimajit qizi
Independent researcher of the Uzbek-Finnish Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 April 2025;
Accepted:
08 May 2025;
Published:
10 June 2025
Abstract:
In the field of linguistics, there exist multiple techniques for examining literary works that enable us to
explore different dimensions of the language and stylistic choices of poets and authors. Below, we concentrate
on the most prevalent and significant methods of examination aimed at investigating the author's unique linguistic
style.
Keywords:
Vocabulary, morphological and syntactic characteristics, poetic rhythm, mental processes and
conceptual frameworks, cultural background, personal elements, fixed expressions, lexical, grammatical,
pragmatic, textual features, methodological framework, linguostylistic, semantic, formal, cognitive, corpus, text
analysis.
Introduction:
Creating an independent corpus. To
create a corpus of a specific work, the following should
be considered:
Collecting texts. The State Library, the National
Electronic Library, and other digital libraries and
archives can be used. Texts are collected from poetry
collections, anthologies, and literary journals. It is
advisable to use online resources dedicated to works of
art, since these resources store texts in electronic form.
Digitization and processing. If the texts are available
only in printed form, they should be digitized using a
scanner and text recognition programs (OCR). The texts
are cleaned of non-textual characters, familiar errors
are corrected, and brought into a uniform format.
Metadata such as author, title, year of writing, and
genre are added, and the texts are extralinguistically
tagged.
Creating a database. Database creation programs such
as SQLite or MySQL can be used to store and manage
the collected texts. Tables are created to store text,
metadata, and analysis results.
Use of separate text analysis tools. Text analysis
programs allow you to determine the frequency of
words, analyze collocations, and perform other types of
analysis. There are online tools for text analysis that can
be used to analyze literary texts. Even without using a
corpus and computer programs, you can manually
analyze poetic/prose texts by identifying lexical,
stylistic, and rhythmic features.
Creating an independent corpus takes time and effort,
but it allows you to obtain information that meets
specific research goals. Online resources and separate
text analysis tools can be used, but it is important to
take into account their limitations. Manual analysis is
labor-intensive, but it allows you to understand
poetic/prose texts in depth. Below, we will focus on
studies conducted based on the corpus approach and
their results.
There is a large experience of corpus-based research in
the world. A number of works can be cited on the study
of lexical, grammatical, pragmatic, discourse properties
of the language and language education based on the
corpus. A.R. Arellano is devoted to the problem of
teaching English as a second language using the corpus,
V. Bhatia chooses the corpus as an object for the
analysis of literary genres. D. Bieber, R. Reppen use the
corpus to study the syntactic properties of the
language. P. Baker uses the corpus in discourse
analysis, while S. Adolfs focuses on the use of electronic
text analysis in language and literature education. P.
Baker et al. analyzed the use of the word "Muslim" in
British media publications in 1998-2009 based on the
corpus. V. Brezina et al. focused on the study of
collocations in the text based on the corpus. S. Evert
also studied the meanings of collocations based on the
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
56
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
corpus. Of particular note is McKenry's textbook, which
describes the methods, theory and practice of corpus
linguistics, and his monograph on corpus-based
linguistic research. The textbook on corpus linguistics
by A. Ludeling and M. Cueto also describes in detail the
mechanism and importance of conducting corpus-
based research. The article on corpus-based discourse
analysis by E. Semino et al. highlights the use of the
corpus in discourse analysis of text and its specific
results.
“Corpus
-
based discourse analysis” sarlavhali maqolada
korpusga asoslangan diskurs tahlili bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar
quyidagi uchta asosiy aspektdan muhokama qilinadi.
Bu yondashuvlar o‘
zaro bir-
biriga bog‘liq, chunki aslida
har
bir
yondashuv
boshqa
yondashuvlarning
aspektlaridan ham foydalanadi.
1. Textual: approaches that focus on the language
choices, meanings, and expressions in texts, as well as
various phraseological elements operating at the
discourse level.
2. Critical: approaches that bring a critical attitude, such
as critical discourse analysis, also use systemic
functional linguistics.
3. Contextual: analyses that adopt a sociolinguistic
approach to corpus data, taking into account the
situational factor in such an analysis. This approach
uses conversation analysis, speech act theory, and
pragmatics.
L. Flowerdi “Is Corpus Linguistics a Theory,
Methodology, or Approach?” raises the question and
describes this issue in his articl
e as follows: “Twenty
years ago, corpus linguistics was considered a
methodology for analyzing data because it could speed
up and systematize the study of lexis or grammar.
Later, T. Bonelli says that some linguists began to
consider corpus linguistics as a more evolutionary
important method, combining linguistic theory and
data, and realizing what Halliday called “probabilistic
grammars”. It seems that L. Flowerdi views corpus
linguistics as both a methodological approach and a
way of drawing theoretical conclusions.
In the article “An Approach to Corpus
-based Discourse
Analysis: The Move Analysis as Example”, he analyzes a
seven-step approach to corpus-based discourse
analysis, which begins with a detailed analysis of each
individual text in the corpus, and then can be
generalized to all texts in the corpus. This approach is
applied to the methodology used to analyze texts in
terms of the functional/communicative structures that
constitute the genre. A corpus-based approach to
analysis significantly enhances the value of the
methodology often used, while also providing much-
needed guidance. The article “Text at Scale: Corpus
Analysis in Technical Communication” reviews
approaches to corpus analysis. Corpus analysis
supports analytical research on lexis, grammar, and
discourse. These linguistic layers of analysis can be
viewed as a measure of the shift from more objective,
grammatical units to more interpretive, but still
observable units. Since the goal of corpus analysis is to
quickly analyze more content than can be read and
analyzed manually, the first two layers of analysis
(lexicon and grammar) are primarily quantitative. As
mentioned above, these quantitative assessments can
answer research questions or serve as a foundation for
further research. Using lexical or grammatical analysis
to guide further research, the researcher may use more
interpretive types of analysis, such as discourse
analysis.
According to S. Carradini, discourse analysis uses the
results of lexical and grammatical approaches as a way
to identify areas that are worth further study at the
discourse level. Discourse is concerned with the
function of words in the context of their use. The
researcher seeks to understand how word(s) function
in a text and how the text contributes to a particular
type of speech act. Discourse analysts can understand
the function that individual passages in a text perform
by assessing the use of high-frequency words, their use
with other words, and their use in context. Another
method of text discourse analysis is the corpus
approach. By identifying high-frequency, common
words, or other word usage cases, the corpus shows
what kind of discourse the corpus represents.
Collocation is a technique that identifies words that
occur frequently in a corpus near a target word or
phrase. The goal of collocation analysis is to identify
quantitative relationships between words, which can
be further analyzed to understand qualitative
relationships between words. By observing collocations
in a corpus, it is possible to more accurately analyze the
meaning of the context.
The study, titled “A Corpus
-
Based Analysis of “For
Example” and “For Instance,” used both quantitative
and qualitative research paradigms to interpret and
analyze the correspondences. Quantitatively, the
number
of occurrences of the units “For Example” and
“For Instance” in the Brown Corpus was counted.
Qualitatively, the quantitative data collected was
analyzed to interpret the various uses of the
compounds in sentences. Integrating quantitative
methods used in corpus analysis with qualitative
methods in linguistic research is a strategy adopted by
various linguists and researchers to bring more
objectivity to the results of such studies and research,
as well as to obtain reliable results by using a more
scientific method of analyzing the emergence of
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
57
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
language capabilities. Integrating quantitative methods
used in corpus analysis with qualitative methods in
linguistic research is a strategy adopted by various
linguists and researchers to bring more objectivity to
the results of such studies and research, and thereby
adopt a scientific method of analyzing language use,
which leads to reliable results.
The article “A Corpus
-based Multidimensional Analysis
of Linguistic Features of Truth and Deception” divides
the data into two parts: word count, word count per
sentence, and multidimensional analysis. This study
shows that the number of words in false speech and the
number of words per sentence are significantly smaller
than those of truthful speech. The results of the
multidimensional analysis show that false speech
performs worse on the narrative, interpersonal, and
cognitive measures.
The article “Corpus
-based critical discourse analysis of
reporting practices in English news reports on public
health events in China
and the United States” also uses
the corpus-based text analysis method. It was found
that Chinese and American news reports used
approximately the same high-frequency reporting
verbs in reporting on the COVID-19 pandemic. The
Chinese and American news corpora showed
differences in the distribution of high-frequency
reporting verbs across semantic categories. Chinese
and American news The reports used the most speech
report verbs, which indicated an objective attitude
towards the reported event, and used speech report
verbs and speech act report verbs to present the
reported speech with a relatively high degree of
accuracy. While American news reports often use
mental report verbs to indicate an attitude of
uncertainty towards the reported speech, Chinese
news reports may need to be more aware of the use of
mental report verbs to express the opinions and
attitudes of ordinary people or the government. The
results of this study may provide insights into research
on the reporting strategies of emergency news reports
in China for foreign audiences.
The article entitled “Argument structure, animacy,
syntax and semantics of passivization in Turkish: A
corpus-
based approach” analyzes the animacy of
arguments, their presence as indirect subjects of
impersonal passive constructions with the participation
of various predicates. Three different sources of
animacy effects in the language are proposed. Only
units denoting animate beings by nature can be used as
indirect subjects of impersonal passive constructions.
The article also carries out a syntactic analysis of the
verb constructions of the state of mind in Turkish.
As can be seen from the results of the above studies,
corpus-based analysis is not only a quantitative
analysis, but also a qualitative analysis is carried out
through quantitative analysis. The experience of these
studies shows that the results of corpus-based research
and analysis are relatively accurate and objective.
Therefore, in this dissertation, the object of study is
studied from the point of view of corpus-based
analysis.
REFERENCES
Zheng Fanghua. A Corpus-based Multidimensional
Analysis of Linguistic Features of Truth and Deception
//
https://aclanthology.org/Y18-1097.pdf
https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/improve-
ielts-speaking/0/steps/98854
Carradini, Stephen, & Jason Swarts. (2023). Text at
Scale: Corpus Analysis in Technical Communication.
The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado.
https://doi.org/10.37514/TPC-B.2023.2104
Flowerdew, Lynne. (2012). How is Corpus Linguistics
Related to Discourse Analysis? / Corpora and Language
Education. 10.1057/9780230355569_4. (Электрон
ресурс:
мурожаат
санаси:
25.03.2025.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/97802303555
69
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., & McEnery, T. (2013).
Sketching Muslims: A corpus driven analysis of
representations around the word ‘Muslim’ in the
British press 1998
–
2009. Applied Linguistics, 34(3),
255-278.
Brezina, V., McEnery, T., & Wattam, S. (2015).
Collocations in context: A new perspective on
collocation networks. International Journal of Corpus
Linguistics, 20(2), 139-173.
