American Journal Of Philological Sciences
272
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
272-274
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue06-71
Words Borrowed from Russian In The "Jadid"
Newspaper: Linguistic Analysis and Stylistic Features
Gafurova Umida Kadirkhanovna
University of Business and Science, teacher of the Department of Language and Literature Education, Namangan, Uzbekistan
Received:
25 April 2025;
Accepted:
21 May 2025;
Published:
23 June 2025
Abstract:
This article analyzes the 4th issue of the newspaper "Jadid", which began to be published in 2024
(January 19, 2024). It analyzes the words borrowed from the Russian language found in the newspaper's language
from phonetic, semantic, stylistic and functional aspects. The role of Russian terms and expressions in the modern
Uzbek publicistic language, their adaptation to the national context and sometimes critical assessment serve as
the main research object of the article. During the analysis, based on precise textual quotations, the ideological
load of the borrowed words and their place in the modern Jadid language are highlighted.
Keywords:
Russian borrowings, newspaper "Jadid", modern journalism, phonetic adaptation, semantic expansion,
stylistic analysis, quoted language, hybrid terms, critical approach, Jadid heritage.
Introduction:
In the Uzbek press, each period is
distinguished by its linguistic originality, stylistic tone,
and lexical layers formed according to the needs of
society. In particular, the new publication, launched
under the name of the newspaper "Jadid," serves as a
symbol of the harmony of historical heritage and
modern language. As a cultural and educational
follower of the Jadid movement, the newspaper,
reflecting today's reality, serves to awaken people's
and public consciousness through its language, and to
form ideological immunity. In this regard, the words
borrowed from the Russian language found in the
language of the publication and their use in various
speech contexts deserve a separate linguistic analysis.
Main Part. Types of borrowings and semantic load
Borrowed words are lexical units borrowed into one
language from another language (s), the lexical,
phonetic, or morphological form of which is partially or
fully adapted, but to a certain extent retains its original
form. They enter the language as a necessary tool for
expressing new concepts, introducing cultural,
scientific, and political news, and expressing opinions in
harmony with the times.
Borrowings are usually divided into the following types:
1. Phonetically and morphologically fully assimilated
words. These words are fully adapted to the phonetic
and morphological rules of the Uzbek language. They
do not seem foreign to native speakers: examples:
factory, newspaper, student, train, car.
2. Partially assimilated or phonetically unadapted units.
These words have not yet fully "survived" in the
language, mainly used in scientific or technical speech:
examples:
transformation,
concept,
platform,
manager.
3. Composite or hybrid words. In this case, Uzbek and
Russian or English words combine to form a new
expression. They often cause ambiguity and semantic
confusion: examples: Uzlywood, M-cocktail, ZIZI
chewing gum, brand of Uzbekistan
4. Words borrowed from related languages (partially
through Russian), mainly having Arabic or Persian
roots, can be found in the form of re-borrowing
through the Russian language: examples: idea,
manifesto, strategy
The semantic load of borrowings depends on the
semantic (meaning) function of words, their role in the
language, and what concept they represent. In this
respect, they are classified as follows:
1. Borrowings expressing new concepts express
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
273
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
scientific-technical, socio-political concepts that did not
exist in the language before: ideological, platform,
marketing, Sovietism, transformation.
2. Synonymous borrowings can be synonymous with
existing words in the Uzbek language: Talaba - student,
O'qituvchi - teacher, Poyezd - railway passenger
vehicle. In this case, the borrowing is selected in the
text with a stylistic or contextual purpose.
3. Borrowings with expressive or emotional load are
often used in a critical or journalistic text, have a socio-
emotional impact: imperial policy, the leader of the
regime, a big game.
4. Morphological borrowings (morphosemantic load)
create new grammatical units in the language: bank →
banker, bankrupt; strategy → strategic, strategic.
Practical examples (based on the newspaper "Jadid")
"Our country has undergone an unprecedented
process of transformation." Here, transformation is a
word with semantic expansion, expressing a new
concept. "There was no need to find a hybrid name..."
The word "hybrid" entered through Russian and
semantically imposes a critical assessment (in the sense
of an unnecessary mixture). "If the policy of open doors
had not been pursued..." "Open Door Policy" - a word-
for-word translation of the term, is used in the
language as a means of semantic expression.
Borrowings are proof of the existence of language as a
living and open system. They not only introduce new
concepts, but also reinterpret existing ones. Especially
in the language of the modern press, these units serve
as a means of journalistic tone, power of meaning, and
speech diversity. However, excessive and unexplained
borrowings can violate the purity of the language and
create situations that contradict the norms of the
national language. Therefore, it is important to regulate
them based on language policy, normative grammars,
and the norms of the press language. The Russian
borrowings found in the 4th issue of the "Jadid"
newspaper are mainly related to political, social,
ideological, technical, and educational spheres, and
they appear in the text in the following forms:
Phonetically adapted words:..."our country has
undergone
an
unprecedented
process
of
transformation." (page 1) The Russian word
"transformation" is used directly in the Uzbek text and
means modern change. Lexical units used as
terms:..."what tricks would have been used today to
lower our spirits if the policy of open doors had not
been pursued..."
(page 3) - "Open Doors Policy" - a concept translated
from the Russian phrase "политика открытых
дверей."
Social and ideological borrowings: "The idea of national
independence has lived through its time." (page 4)
Here, the word "idea" was borrowed from Russian in
the 19th and 20th centuries and underwent extensive
semantic changes.
Critical approaches and the issue of nationalism (using
the example of the Jadid newspaper)
1. Context and relevance In the modern Uzbek
language, in particular in journalism and mass media,
there is an increase in foreign words, mainly units
borrowed from Russian and English. This phenomenon,
along with linguistic renewal and terminological
enrichment, is also causing critical reactions. Because
when borrowings are overused:
- Language loses its naturalness and simplicity,
The imagery in the national spirit decreases,
Existing words are ignored.
These aspects are also discussed in the articles of the
"Jadid" newspaper.
2. Expressions of critical attitude in the newspaper text:
"The name of the show could have been given in Uzbek.
What beautiful words are in our language, there was no
need to find a hybrid name." ("Jadid" newspaper, issue
4, page 2) In this quote, a critical semantic load is given
through the phrase "hybrid name." The author
especially considers that mixed names based on foreign
terms in the media (for example, "Uzlywood," "M-
cocktail," "Sheryurak," "Kinoteatr TV" and others)
contradict the criteria of the national language.
3. Reasons for a critical approach. Disregard for the
possibilities of the national language
Although there are perfect synonyms in the Uzbek
language, instead of their use, Russian or English terms
are used: For example: market can be used instead of
market, business instead of entrepreneurship, channel
instead of TV channel.
Artificialization of commercial and advertising language
It is a mistake to consider foreignness as a sign of
modernity in advertising and entertainment content.
This tendency weakens national identity.
Cultural danger - following a foreign culture There are
national thinking and values hidden in every language.
When language changes, thinking also changes. Foreign
terms also introduce cultural ideology: the words
Show, trend, like, repost, event, speaker have entered
not only the language, but also the culture.
4. Critical Approach and the National Position of the
"Jadid" Newspaper The "Jadid" newspaper, in its
concept, is faithful to the legacy of the Jadid movement
and always promotes the idea of preserving the
national image in the matter of language and thought.
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
274
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
This is clearly seen in the following thoughts: "When
preparing a program, the creators of the TV channel
should not forget their mission..."
- Here the word "mission" is borrowed from Russian
and English, but it is used in a critical tone in the text.
In the author's view, serving patriotism and spirituality
should define the content of this mission, not
foreignness. ..."We wouldn't want him to say 'Shrek,'
but this 'Shirak'..."
- This sentence raises the question of choice in the
expression of cultural pride and language. It is being
proven that language choice is a choice of
consciousness.
5. The necessity of protecting national identity through
criticism, the critical approach to foreign words in the
press, especially in publications promoting the national
idea, ensures:
- Preservation of language culture;
Strengthening of the student's sense of national
identity;
Manifestation of the Uzbek language in richness,
simplicity, and harmony with modernity.
Borrowings from Russian (and other languages)
increase the richness of the language, but they are
useful only when used reasonably, purposefully, and
with explanation. In the newspaper "Jadid," critical
approaches in this regard are manifested as a sign of
vigilance and a responsible attitude to language policy
in the matter of nationality.
This phenomenon leads us to a deeper understanding
of the issues of attention to language, independence of
thought, and cultural protection.
Interestingly, there are also cases of critical evaluation
of borrowings in the newspaper text: "What beautiful
words are in our language, there was no need to find a
hybrid name..." (p. 2)
- In this sentence, the unnecessary use of foreign
(especially Russian and English) words is criticized,
especially in the titles of television programs.
3. Stylistic functions: Words borrowed from the Russian
language are used stylistically in the newspaper "Jadid"
as follows:
- In the formal style: transformation, platform, strategy;
In the journalistic style: ideology, ideology, concept;
In Tazkiya-tone speech: empire, tyranny, propaganda.
In the modern issues of the "Jadid" newspaper, lexical
units borrowed from the Russian language serve as a
means of enriching the content of the text, introducing
stylistic diversity, and clearly expressing the idea. Their
use, adapted to the national context, demonstrates the
openness and developed functional capabilities of the
Uzbek language. However, if such borrowings are used
unnecessarily and without explanation, they can also
pose a risk of alienation from the language. Therefore,
the role, weight, and influence of such units should
always be assessed from the point of view of language
policy.
REFERENCES
G‘afurov N. Jadidchilik harakati va matbuot. –
Toshkent: Fan, 2003.
Qo‘chqorov A. XX asr boshidagi o‘zbek matbuoti tili. –
Samarqand: 2006.
Sultonova D. O‘zbek tiliga o‘zlashgan ruscha
so‘zlar. –
Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1991.
Alimova D.X. Til va madaniyat: zamonaviy o‘zgarishlar.
–
Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 2022.
“Jadid” gazetasi. –
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yanvar, №4(4). –
Toshkent: “Jadid” nashriyoti.
