Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
96
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
96-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the literature of independence prose is divided into stages, and the prose of the first decade of
independence and the subsequent stages are compared. At the same time, information is also given about the
influence of communist ideology in the literature of the Soviet period. Specific aspects of the prose of the
independence period, all-round achievements and shortcomings are given in detail.
KEYWORDS
Prose, literature, novels, short stories, socialist realism, compositional construction.
INTRODUCTION
The prose of the independence period can be
conditionally divided into three stages. The first stage
is the prose of the first decade of independence (1990-
2000 years), in which the writers who created during
the Soviet period also actively created. The main object
of analysis of the prose of this period was the human
psyche that went through a period of evolution. During
this period, writers such as Odil Yakubov, Pirimkul
Kadyrov, Shukur Kholmirzaev, O'tkir Hashimov, and
Togay Murad wrote new works.
The second stage can be tentatively called Uzbek prose
between 2000-2010. During this period, literature
collided with the market economy, and the leadership
of adventure and detective genres was observed. In
addition, we can see an increase in the number of
novels and short stories written on historical topics.
Research Article
STAGES OF UZBEK PROSE IN THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE
Submission Date:
February 19, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 24, 2024,
Published Date:
February 29, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue02-17
Zumradkhon Teshaboyeva
Doctoral Student Of
The Institute “Uzbek Language, Literature And Folklore” Of The Academy Of Sciences Of
The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
97
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
96-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
"People in the Heat" (L. Borikhon), "Butterfly Game"
(T. Rustam), "The kingdom of riddle" (S. Vafo),
"Rebellion and Obedience" (U. Hamdam), "Free" (I.
Sultan) novels written in different styles and tones
were submitted to the judgment of readers. The third
stage includes the period from 2010 to the present day,
most of the prose works reflect today's social scene,
and the weight of the works written on historical topics
has also increased. The third stage includes the period
from 2010 to the present day, most of the prose works
reflect today's social scene, and the weight of the
works written on historical topics has also increased. In
the words of Ulugbek Hamdam, "No matter what era
and mood the artist writes, he talks about man and his
problems, or illuminates the topics that originate from
man and begin with man."
In the literature of the Soviet , the influence of the
communist ideology influenced many stories, short
stories and novels. Such works could not pass the cry
of the times - "the judgment of the reader and time"
(O'tkir Hashimov's expression, "Inscriptions on the
border of the notebook"). Although they were in tune
with the times, only those works that were not
deceived by the deceptive ideas and ideologies of the
regime survived. In the most mature works of
literature of the last century, the primary visible aspect
was the spirit of national liberation. n prose, new
experiments were rarely seen. Traditional realism,
moreover, socialist realism was considered the main
leading literary trend. In a certain period, the motif of
war became the leading theme, after the years of
repression, the social status of the Soviet man the
theme of reflecting the scenes of social life took the
lead. It should be recognized that during the years of
reconstruction, the process of reconstruction also
intensified in Uzbek prose. The works listed above,
created in the mood of advanced western literary
traditions, caused Uzbek prose to turn to new tunes. It
can be said that the story is the most active genre in
the prose of the independence period. It is correct to
say that the works written in this genre are superior in
terms of quantity and weight than short stories and
novels due to the fact that the story genre requires less
time and labor, and is smaller in size. No matter what
genre the work is, it expresses the ideas and artistic
desires of the writer that he wants to convey to the
reader.
"Ideological-artistic
mission
is
always
manifested as a product of the level, taste, and
purpose of the creator," wrote writer Nazar Eshanqul.
In his opinion, the creator has one mission: to protect
goodness, beauty, compassion, love, human heart. In
the past period, various types of literature appeared, in
particular, popular "market literature" in the direction
of adventure and detective. This literature was far from
art and aesthetic laws, and consisted of light-hearted
adventure novels that were easily digestible for the
reader. In a sense, this has taught readers to apathy, to
superficial books that develop quickly and are easy to
read, rather than good works. Commenting on this
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
98
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
96-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
situation, the literary critic Bahadir Karim says, "at the
same time, we have writers who have turned fiction
into a process of only piecemeal writing, and who
understand creativity as a simple livelihood activity,
and write at a mediocre or even lower level,
unfortunately." Summarizing the features of the prose
of the independence period, one can have a clear idea
of
their
comprehensive
achievements
and
shortcomings.
Firstly, the weight of stylistic and artistic research in the
prose of the independence period increased
significantly. The fact that the best examples of world
literature are in the spirit of classicism, that they are in
a traditional direction, in a certain sense, hardly gives
an impetus for updates. In particular, it should be said
that Russian prose had a great influence on Uzbek
prose before independence. The prose of such writers
as Abdulhamid Cholpon, Abdulla Kadiri, Oybek, Abdulla
Qahhor, Asqad Mukhtar, Said Ahmad, Mirmuhsin,
Hamid Ghulam, Adil Yaqubov, Pirimkul Kadirov is close
to the spirit of Russian prose. In this, one can see the
closeness from the compositional construction of the
work to the system of imagery. The influence on Uzbek
prose of the geniuses of Russian prose such as A.S.
Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, N. Gogol, I.
Turgenev, M. Bulgakov, M. Sholokhov, A. Chekhov is
not without reason. The above-mentioned writers got
acquainted with foreign literature through the Russian
language, and foreign literature could not be imagined
without the work of representatives of the golden age
of Russian literature, starting with Pushkin. The
literature of the period of independence is emphasized
as a period relatively free from the influence of Russian
literature. This aspect was also reflected in research on
Uzbek prose.
Secondly, in the Uzbek prose of the independence
period, an artistic-psychological image of the process
of evolution in the people of the independence period
appeared. Literary scholar Azod Sharafiddinov "Why
did I change my faith?" It would not be wrong to say
that the article was the beginning of this artistic
process.
Thirdly, in Uzbek prose, there was a style of
symbolization, storytelling with the language of
symbols. The elements of the work of art, such as the
compositional construction, images, traditional plot,
which we are used to, have acquired diversity and
unusualness. Stories and anecdotes built on
metaphors appeared as a whole. In particular, it can be
said that the works of Nazar Eshanqul are a vivid
example of this thesis. Stories such as "The Black
Book", "Night Fences", "Coffin City", "Bahauddin's
Dog", "The Hand" as works built on a single metaphor,
make the reader to understand the language of
symbols and the meaning of the author's work.
encourages to understand the idea. Stories such as
Ulugbek Hamdam's "A Bowl of Water" and Isajon
Sultan's "Fate" can be said to be works that emdiv
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
99
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
96-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the advanced features of the new Uzbek prose built on
symbols.
Fourthly, features such as variety of topics, artistic
expression and multi-layeredness in the text were
highlighted. "When mature works are analyzed,
without exception, two important factors, two
priorities are encountered. The first is that the spiritual
world of the writer reflects the external world and the
fate of Man, who is recognized as the center of that
world, in a wide and truthful manner.
The second is how artistically perfect and eternal it is,"
says literary critic Ibrahim Haqqul. In the prose of this
period, the spiritual parallelism of the characters, the
desire to understand the world, and the image of a
person standing on the bridge of beauty between the
material and spiritual worlds were given priority in the
reflection of human destiny.
Fifthly, it would be reasonable to call the prose of this
period a stage when historical themes became
relatively popular. It is unique to write works on
historical themes through historical novels such as
"Navoi" by Oibek, "An old World ", "Treasure of
Ulugbek" by Odil Yaqubov, "Starry Nights", ""Temur
Malik" by Pirimkul Kadyrov. had become a literary
tradition. Later, the regime's censorship of historical
works led to a decline, or even a stop, of activities in
this direction for a while. In the first years of
independence, it became a tradition to shake the pen
on historical topics again.
Sixthly, in Uzbek prose, we can observe attempts to
reflect the artistic and aesthetic image of a person of
the independence period. Since poetry expresses the
experience and abstract feelings of the lyrical hero, the
real life of the environment, society and people in it is
more artistically expressed in prose. It was put an end
to the fact that the main characters in Uzbek prose of
the Soviet era consisted mainly of collective farm
activists, the working masses, and the ideological layer
of the society, which fell into a tight environment in all
respects.
Seventhly, features of modernism and postmodernism
appeared in Uzbek prose. In the works of writers such
as O. Mukhtar, N. Eshonqul, Sh. Hamro, U. Hamdam, I.
Sultan, elements typical of modernism and
postmodernism were highlighted. t can be said that
Nazar Eshanqul's works are made with pure modern
traditions. In particular, we can observe the advanced
trends of modernism in the writer's short stories such
as "The Black Book", "Night Bars", "Coffin", "Deadly
Season", "Bahouddin's Dog". In the short story "The
Black Book", aspects such as the absence of a
meaningful plot, the composition of the entire work
being controlled by the main character's way of
thinking, and the multi-layeredness of the images are
considered to be elements of modernism. Literary
critic Bahadir Karimov writes that "modernism in
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
100
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
96-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Uzbek prose is evident in the unconventional style of
expression, in the new artistic interpretation of reality,
as well as in formal changes." Element’s characteristic
of postmodernism, which grew after modernism, were
also observed in Uzbek prose. In particular, although
the author did not specify a genre for Murad Chovush's
work "Never", this work is made up of symbols and
metaphors and reflects three-dimensional space and
time. In the work "Never" you can find features typical
of the postmodern direction. Mahmoud Sa'di assessed
this work as a "phenomenal work". "I have never seen
such a creative search in Uzbek literature," writes
teacher Sa'diy. In the stories of Ulugbek Hamdam, we
see symbolism and abstraction of the plot, expression
of ideas through abstract images, depiction of mental
conflicts of the hero. These aspects are elements
related to the direction of modernism.
CONCLUSION
In general, it would be more correct to say that the
Uzbek prose of the independence period is a literary
phenomenon that appeared during the period when
the nation's thinking began to be renewed, and went
through certain stages of growth and literary
development. Enumerating the commonalities of this
period, Kazoqboy Yoldoshev writes that "getting rid of
schematism in the image of the hero, getting rid of
liveliness in the portrayal of a person shows that
healthy principles are being settled in the development
of Uzbek prose." Also, the master literary critic
emphasizes that making creative experiments, using
unexpected imagery, and using new principles of
artistic expression were the leading features of this
stage of Uzbek prose.
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