Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
135
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
135-141
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The problem of methods of scientific analysis and methodology is one of the main ones in modern Literary Study.
Scientific and theoretical knowledge and views in this direction are increasingly expanding and deepening. In the
article puts forward the opinion on the need for a holistic study of such issues as basic and particular methods in
Karakalpak Literary Study, the process mastering scientific methods and their effectiveness, the methodological
validity of scientific research, the relationship with the Literary Studies of other peoples and originality, the presence
of scientific directions and schools.
KEYWORDS
Scientific analysis, method, Karakalpak Literary Study, research, methodology, basic methods.
INTRODUCTION
As it is known, literary studies is a science that studies
artistic literature. World literary studies, including
Karakalpak literary studies, the subject of literary work,
its author (author), information on literary theory,
literary history, as well as literary critical articles and
scientific-theoretical studies. To this day, in the
Karakalpak Literary Studies, the history and theory of
artistic words, national literary criticism, textology and
bibliography have been put into scientific circulation.
The results achieved in this direction make it possible
to talk about the methodological foundations of
Karakalpak literary studies, the methods used in it
today.
Research Article
PROBLEM OF RESEARCH METHODS IN KARAKALPAK LITERARY STUDIES
Submission Date:
December 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 23, 2023,
Published Date:
December 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue12-23
T.Q. Bayniyazova
Karakalpak Humanitarian Sciences Research Institute, Nukus City, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
135-141
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the study of artistic literature, it is necessary to
resort to specific methods of studying literary
literature to reveal the importance of the material and
its inherent differences, in this case, "and every author
uses it (method
–
T.B.) to follow his own example" [3,
p. 17]. The author's work, the plot and the logic of the
creation of images in it, related aspects: the author's
content, the text, the book, The Reader's perception,
that is, the essence of the scientifically look, which is
different from the scientifically look, which is based on
this method.
In scientific data, the following definitions and opinions
are given for the terms approach and method.
Research is a collection of various methods used to
solve scientific problems, and one of them dominates
[11]. The approach shapes the way of putting a point of
view, an aspect, into a scientific system. The richness
and productivity of the scientific method is revealed in
the union of literary studies, which define the field of
application and character of the method [14].
What is a method? "Method" (Greek methodos
"word"): a) research method; b) theory, reading) -
"research", "method of research". The scientific
method is a systematic system of principles and
methods, with the help of which objective knowledge
of existence is achieved, new knowledge is gathered
[12]. Methodology (lat. methodos theory, reading,
word logos) means the method of philosophical
recognition, that is, scientific theory, the structure of
scientific knowledge, logical design, methods and tools
[17].
If we pay attention to the scientific and theoretical
opinions given to the term "Method". "Method means
the principle of studying an artistic work. The method
shows the ways of art as a form of life-enhancing and
creative re-creation. The method of literary analysis is
the most fundamental part of literary analysis, on
which the whole theory of literature is based. Specific
methods of literary science were used in all kinds of
historical writers. But despite the existence of literary
studies as a science for more than two hundred years,
there are not many methods of literary studies" [9].
According to Yu.B. Borevtin, the method is a method of
thinking [13] .
The variety of ways to analyze and discuss literary
material, as well as the specificity of scientific methods,
make different approaches different. For example, in
the textbook "Methodology of Literary Studies" B.
Karimov mentions the following research methods:
according to the German method M. Krisenbach: 1.
Positivist method; 2. Socio-historical method; 3.
Phenomenological method; 4. Existential method; 5.
Morphological method; 6. Sociological method; 7.
Statistical method; 8. Structural method. The
classification developed by Yu.Borev is: 1. sociological
approach; 2. epistemological approach; 3. narrow-
cultural approach; 4. comparative-narrow approach; 5.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
135-141
SJIF
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(2022:
5.
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
biographical
approach;
6.
rudimentary-genetic
approach; 7.ontological approach [3, p.13].
In the teaching-methodical manual of the Azerbaijani
scientist A. Hajiyev "History and Methodology of
Literary Studies", the methods are given either by
name or by the names of orientations or scientific
schools in literary studies: mythological school,
biographical method, cultural-historical method,
anthropological school, comparative-historical method
(comparativism), psychological school, religious-
historical school, psychoanalysis in literary studies,
formalism,
historical
poetics,
hermeneutics,
sociological literary studies, structuralism, semiotics,
poststructuralism and deconstruction, receptive
criticism, neo-Marxism, feminist criticism, individual
methods of literary analysis [1, pp. 15-34] . It includes
teaching methods, functional, axiological, ritual-
mythological, statistical, literary complex learning,
mathematical and computer models in the history and
theory of literature [1, p. 34.]
In the educational course "Ethics and methods of its
study", which is written in the form of a systematic and
synergistic approach, we include the following terms
and categories: 1. Systematic approach; 2. Biographical
method; 3. Cultural-historical method; 4. Comparative-
historical method. Comparative studies; 5. Sociological
method; 6. Psychological inclination; 7. Formal
method; 8. Method of literary hermeneutics; 9.
Structural method; 10. Receptive aesthetics. Aesthetics
of influence. 11. The category of "meaning" in the
context of systematic and synergistic approach to
literary learning. 12. Concept in literature. 13. Literature
as discourse [7, p.28-233].
Among the relevant methods of learning the literary
process, Vl. Lukov shows the following: 1. Biographical
method; 2. Cultural-historical method; 3. Comparative-
historical method; 4. Sociological method; 5. Formal
method; 6. Systematic structural method; 7.
Deconstructivism; 8. Typological method; 9. Historical-
functional method; 10. Historical-genetic method; 11.
Historical-theoretical method [14].
In the workshop "History of Literary Education"
(author: A. Belskaya), the methods of literary study are
presented as follows: 1. Biographical method; 2.
Psychological method; 3. Psychoanalytic method; 4.
Phenomenological approach; 5. Formal method; 6.
Structural method; 7. Cultural-historical method; 8.
Comparative method; 9. Comparative-historical
method; 10. Sociological method; 11. Mythopoetic
analysis method; 12. Archetypal method; 13. Motive
analysis method; 14. Intertextual analysis method; 15.
Method of literary hermeneutics; 16. Receptive
aesthetics [10, p.9-33].
The classification presented in the educational-
methodological complex "Theoretical-methodological
foundations of modern literary studies" in Uzbek fully
corresponds to the classification proposed by Y. Borev
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
138
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
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P
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135-141
SJIF
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
[3, p. 13]. It is said that the complex includes
philological, aesthetic, formal, biographical, historical-
cultural, comparative-historical, sociological methods
of analysis, as well as psychoanalytical, structural,
existential, lingupoetic, phenomenological methods
[3, p.16]. Also, the study guide "Methodology of
Literary Studies" authored by B. Karimov, the author of
this complex, mentions the following methods: 1.
Biographical method; 2. Sociological method; 3. Formal
method; 4. Structural method; 5. Psychological
method; 6. Linguistic method; 7. Comparative-
historical method [5, p.19-82].
In the application, it is noted that the historical-
biographical and historical-functional aspects of Uzbek
literature were disclosed by the Uzbek scientist A.
Rasulov, and the interest in methods of literary study,
its history, and analysis criteria increased in Uzbek
literary studies [5, p.16].
In addition to this, the information on scientific
methods in Uzbek literary studies and, if we stop,
historical-typological, historical-cultural, comparative-
historical, sociological, formal, structural, biographical,
psychological, psychoanalytical, etc. It is noted that a
number of analysis systems have been formed, as well
as the use of two or more of these systems of artistic
text analysis together, and several types of analysis
have been realized, and in the practice of analysis,
there have been different orientations of analysis of
artistic works [4, p. 211-212 ].
In D. Kuronov's course "Artistic analysis tools",
contextual and immanent analysis of the work of art
will be discussed, sociological analysis method,
historical-cultural analysis, comparative method,
biographical method, qualitative-genetic methods in
contextual analysis will be discussed. The scientist
mentions structural, stylistic and semiotic methods as
methods of immanent analysis and confirms that the
importance of learning the reception of a literary work,
despite the wide spread of researches in this field, the
methods of learning the reception of a literary work
have not been sufficiently developed and tested. The
author of the book says that in the analysis of a specific
work of art, the previously mentioned methods are
used in combination, that is, one or two of them are the
leader in the analysis, and the rest complement them.
This situation tells the author that the literary work has
a composite structure, that this compositeness makes
it possible to study the artistic work directly within the
framework of a study, and that the study of the work
is based on one or several theoretical aspects
connected in a circular manner, and the analysis of the
literary work It is the opinion that the system approach
is considered as a fundamental criterion for systematic
approach, and that this criterion is widely used in
modern literature, combining concepts such as
systematic analysis, complex analysis (philological),
and all of these are considered to be a complete study
of a literary work [6, p. 460-470].
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Publisher:
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Servi
B. Karimov's manual entitled "Methodology of Literary
Studies" provides information on scientific methods in
a slightly different way, and focuses on the importance
of learning critical works of literary works. In the
section called "Hermeneutics and Methodology" of
the application, the author draws attention to the
Eastern culture, its interpretations of the Holy Qur'an,
commentaries on the Hadiths, and confirms that
hermeneutics exists in its own form in the East: T.B.)
like "Eastern hermeneutics" ... expanded the scope of
the topic of its discussion and "moved" in the West, but
did not enter the scope of the science of artistic
literature. In the 20th century, Uzbek literary scholars
were forced to turn not to the traditional scientific
criteria of the East, but to the scientific and literary
principles of Western methods. According to the
author, this situation creates an opportunity for Uzbek
literary studies to adopt the most advanced
theoretical-philosophical principles of world literary
studies, to synthesize Western and Eastern literary
studies, and to embark on its own fundamental path [5,
p.83-84].
In general, research methods in literary studies vary
according to the criteria of scientific approach, and
they are:
1.
Methods focused on studying the author
(biographical,
psychological,
psychoanalytical
methods);
2.
Methods focused on learning the text's formal
differences (formal, structural methods);
3.
Methods focused on learning the literary and
cultural-historical
context
(cultural-historical,
historical-typological,
comparative
method
(comparativistics), comparative historical method,
sociological
method,
mythopoetic
analysis
method, motive analysis method, intertextual
analysis method);
4.
Methods
oriented
to
the
book
reader
(hermeneutics) are divided into 4 groups [16].
Thus, a brief look at the materials of Russian and Uzbek
literary studies will help to clarify the understanding
that there are many different scientific opinions and
points of view in this direction.
As for Karakalpak literary studies, we have N.
Zhapakov's monographs entitled "Problem of realism
in Karakalpak literature on the verge of revolution",
"On the road to socialist realism" [2], as well as K.
Maksetov's "Poetics of Karakalpak heroic epics",
"Aesthetics of Karakalpak folklore" [ 8] is devoted to
the moment. In addition, K. Kamalov's monograph
"Evolution of the artistic method in Karakalpak
literature" examines the emergence, variation and
uniqueness of the artistic method in Karakalpak
literature from a historical point of view. As we have
seen, the problem of artistic method has been solved
to one degree or another in these studies. That said,
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research methods in Karakalpak literary studies have
not been the object of special research until now.
Karakalpak literary studies appeared as a part of world
literary studies in the first quarter of the 20th century,
went through its own evolutionary path, and until the
1990s, it developed in cooperation with Russian literary
studies, including the literature studies of former
Aukham republics. It is known to everyone that during
almost 100 years of scientific study of Karakalpak
literature, a number of researches, scientific articles,
and literary reviews were published. Undoubtedly,
these materials enriched Karakalpak literature from a
scientific, theoretical and methodological point of
view, and created a basis for further research. In
particular, in Karakalpak literary studies, the
personality of the writer and his authorship,
ideological-artistic, genre-stylistic, formal, structural,
artistic-aesthetic features of individual works, the
evolution of national literature and its place in world
literature and culture, etc. learned. This situation
makes it possible to discuss the methods and
methodological foundations of Karakalpak literary
studies, the leading (point) and individual methods,
orientations and scientific schools in literature.
In short, the methods of scientific research are one of
the most important issues in contemporary literary
studies, and the scientific concepts and views in this
direction are gradually becoming more complex and
deepening. Scientific methods and methodology in the
study of Karakalpak literature are currently open
issues, the process of mastering research methods by
local methods and the effectiveness of research, the
state of methodological preparation of research
works, the connection and difference with the
literature studies of other peoples, orientations in
national literature studies and scientific schools require
learning on their own.
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