Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
61
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Jadid literary studies is the period that created the foundation for the current Uzbek literary theory and literary
process. This article discusses the extent to which Eastern literature has been studied in jadid literary studies, and how
jadid literary scholars introduced the representatives of Eastern literature to the people.
KEYWORDS
Cholpan, period of national renaissance, Tagore, "Shahnoma", translator, Firdausi.
INTRODUCTION
If we look at the history of Uzbek literature, our
literature during the Russian invasion went through
several periods. In Begali Kasimov's book "Uzbek
literature of the national renaissance period", Uzbek
literature of the renaissance period is studied in two
parts. The first of them is the period of the
Enlightenment
literature,
during
which
the
representatives of the literature, who created during
this period, retreated a little from the ready-made
templates of classical literature, and began to describe
social life, instead of singing about divine and
metaphorical love. To put it more simply, our literature,
which was flying in the sky, began to fall to the ground
- among people. The main goal of the Enlightenment
was to educate the people. However, some elements
of classic literature did not completely disappear
during this period. It was for this reason that the
second period - the period of jadid literature -
appeared. Thanks to those who studied in the hands of
enlighteners, as well as in Russian schools and abroad,
Research Article
A LOOK AT THE STUDY OF EASTERN LITERATURE IN UZBEK JADID
LITERARY STUDIES
Submission Date:
December 03, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 08, 2023,
Published Date:
December 13, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue12-10
Saodat Fayziyeva
Doctoral Student Of Tashkent State University Of Uzbek Language And Literature Named After Alisher Navoi,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
62
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
our literature changed radically and began to move to
a new stage. The 20 years of the 20th century (1920-
1930s) became a special page in the history of our
literature. That is why the press formed in the second
quarter of the 20th century was not only a herald of
political, social and economic events, but rose to the
level of one of the main sources of literature
promotion, a place where literary-aesthetic debates
are held. Now it is possible to learn about the literary
process not only through published books and plays,
but also through newspapers and magazines. Since
then, literary critics have set themselves the goal of
creating a national theory of literature and introducing
the people to the literature of other nations.
MAIN PART
When we say the literature of the East, we usually
understand the literature of ancient Egypt, Sumer,
China, India, Central Asia and Iran, and we understand
the literary and aesthetic views of these regions. So,
what areas did the study of Eastern literature in jadid
literary studies mainly cover? - Until the 30s of the 20th
century, jadid literary scholars mainly studied Uzbek
classic poets and prose writers, and Indian literature
from other nations, at the same time, some
translations from Chinese authors was also
implemented.
Jadid literary studies focuses mainly on the personality
of its creators, and only in some cases on the works
created by them. On the pages of the press, we can see
sketches of the life and works of famous writers and
poets, such as Navoi, Lutfiy, Fuzuli, Yassavi,
Zebunnisabegim, Turdi, Bakyrgani, R. Tagore.
We'll look at their gradual growth as we break them
down by age below:
1.
Fitrat. Mirza Bedil. Tong. 1920.
2.
N. Hakim. Kultagin sharafiga tikilgan bitiktosh.
Bilim o‘chog‘i. 1922.
3.
A. Sattoriy. Boqirg‘on. Uchqun. 1923.
4.
V. Mahmud. Fuzuliy Bog‘dodiy. Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uch
i. 1925.
5.
A. Majidiy. O‘zbek shoiri Turdi. Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uchi. 1925.
6.
Fitrat. “Qutadg‘u bilig”. Maorif va o‘qitg‘uchi.
1925.
7.
Cho‘lpon.
“Shahnoma”ning
turkcha
tarjumasi”. “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uchi” jurnali.
1925.
8.
Cho‘lpon. “Tagur va tagurshunosliq”. “Maorif
va o‘qitg‘uchi” jurnali. 1925.
9.
“Robindranat Tag‘ur”. “Yer yuzi” jurnali. 1926.
10.
“Rabindranat Tagor”. “Qizil O‘zbekiston”
gazetasi. 1926- yil.
11.
Samoylovich. “Muhabbat va Taashshuqnoma”.
Maorif va o‘qitg‘uchi. 1927.
12.
A. Majidiy. Sharq shoirasi Zebunniso. Yer yuzi.
1927.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
13.
Fitrat. Ahmad Yassaviy. Maorif va o‘qitg‘uchi.
1927.
14.
Fitrat. O‘zbek shoiri Turdi. Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uchi. 1928.
15.
Fitrat. Yassaviy maktabi shoirlari to‘g‘risida.
Maorif va o‘qitg‘uchi. 1928.
16.
Fitrat. “Hi
bbat ul-
haqoyiq”. Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uchi. 1928.
17.
Fitrat. Muhammad Solih. Alanga. 1929.
18.
Fitrat. XVI asrdan so‘ngra o‘zbek adabiyotig‘a
umumiy bir qarash. Alanga. 1929.
19.
Mahmud Rahmon. “Rabindranat Tag‘ur”. “Yer
yuzi” jurnali. 1930
- yil.
The article reviews two studies.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Turkish translation of "Shahnoma". “Maorif va
okitguchi” magazine has a special place in the press of
the 20s. For this reason, several columns related to
literature were published in this magazine in different
years. These include columns such as "Literature",
"Criticism and Literature", "Western Literature",
"Biography", "Literary Reviews". This magazine served
as an assistant in the first performances of several
skilled critics. The first article that we want to talk
about was published in the pages of this magazine, and
its author is Cholpon. We know that the translation of
"Shohnoma" into Uzbek began in the 18th century. In
the 18th century, Shah Hijran, Khomushi, and in the
19th century, Nurmuhammad Bukhari, Ochildimurod
Miriy translated fragments of "Shahnoma", and in the
20th century, Shoislam Shomuhamedov, Hamid Gulam,
Nazarmat and Jumaniyaz Jabbarov continued their
work.
At the beginning of the article, Cholpan regrets that
there is no perfect translation of this great work
written by Abulkasim Firdavsi in Turkish. The author
notes that a prose translation of the work was printed
in Tashkent in the 1900s, but it was only translated for
profit. Cholpon also touched on the Azerbaijani verse
translations of Shahnoma: "...Even if something was
started in the form of an experiment by the famous
"Sabir" only in the Azerbaijani dialect, it was left
unfinished by his untimely death. . Also, the part of
"Shahnoma" related to "Suhrob" was translated into
verse in Azerbaijani dialect and published in "Ghayrat"
printing house in Tbilisi. "Ruttir", the nose
photographer (artist) of "Mulla Nasritdin" complex,
took two pictures for translation. At that time, when I
showed the translation to a person familiar with
Persian and Russian literature, and asked his opinion -
"the translation made by the Russian poet Zhukovsky
is better than this translation; but the picture of
"Ruttir" is better than both of them.
The main content of the article is focused on the fact
that Cholpon found a complete translation of
"Shahnoma" in poetic Turkish (Uzbek - S.F.) when he
went to Margilon on personal business. Due to the lack
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
64
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of time, the author does not have time to fully look at
this source, but he tries to provide information about it
as much as possible: The translation is from a
manuscript - old copies, and the language is in the
language of the book "Muhammadiya" (Cholpon's
information). It is written from beginning to end in
verse, and the titles of the chapters (stories) are
written in prose, just like in "Shahnoma" itself. It is not
clear whether the translation was written by the
translator or copied from the original. Cholpon draws
attention to the fact that only this copy of the
translation came from the hands of 2-3 scribes.
Because half of the translation is thorough and mature,
but with a letter that is difficult to read - very carefully
written. The other half (verse part) was more crudely
copied by another scribe. Later on, a story about Sultan
Mahmud Ghaznavi with the title "Hikoya dar khatima
kitab" begins, and this story is left unfinished.
Cholpon wants to explain when and by whom the
translation was made, and this is not shown anywhere
with clear numbers, but a few hints that it was in the
time of "Gurikonsukhon" (?) of Charkas khans in Egypt
in 906 hijri.
The translator tells several stories of "Khans of
Charkas" (maluki charoksa) one by one and tells about
their short lives. In the end, the tyrant opened up to a
khan and insulted him. According to the translator, he
is a khan called "Malik Adil" and kills Jonpolat
(Jonplad).
Gurikansukhon, whom we mentioned, will sit on the
throne after this Adil and will give the translator an old
copy of the "Shahnoma" in his treasury and order it to
be translated. First, the translator, who decided this
work, will start working and the translation of the work
that Cholpon saw will be created.
Unfortunately, the name of this translator is not
mentioned in the article. There is no information that
this translation is one of the above-mentioned
translations created in the 18th or 19th century. In any
case, this article by Cholpon will be valuable
information for our literature.
The article "Tagur va tagurshunoslik" was published in
the 11-
12 issues of “Maorif va okitguchi” magazine,
1925. Izzat Sultan mentions the name of A. Suleiman as
the author of the article, but when we research the
original source, we see that Abdulhamid Suleiman's
son wrote this very article under the pseudonym
"Cholpon". This source is the source that first informed
Uzbek literature about Robindranath Tagore, the great
representative of the Indian people. The article
consists of two parts, the first one is about the study of
Tagore, and the second part is about some scenes from
Tagore's life. In fact, we would not be mistaken if we
say that he got acquainted with the personality of
Robindranath Tagore after he received the Nobel Prize
for world literature. It is no coincidence that Umar
Khayyam and Tagore were mentioned in a pamphlet
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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61-66
SJIF
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(2022:
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
published in the city of Kazan in the 1920s when talking
about the great poets of the East.
Cholpon Robindranath Tagore claims that there is no
better biography and explains step by step the fact
that his works are translated into Russian and
published. The works written by the writer in Russian
were first published under the name "Small Literary
Stories", and for the second time, with the addition of
one or two stories to the same collection, they were
published under the name "New Stories". Soon, the
same collection was published under the name "Thirsty
Stones". As mentioned above, after the writer won the
international award, the quest to know his personality
was put on the agenda in the world literature. French
writer Romain Rolland publishes some comments
about Mahatma Gandhi and Robindranath Tagore, and
writes a foreword to Tagore's works translated into
French.
Since Cholpon found the melodies he was looking for
in Tagore's work, he wants to introduce him to Uzbek
literature and read his works in Uzbek. He also
emphasizes the school he opened in "Shanti Nikitan"
as the highest work of the writer. At the end of the
article, Cholpan adds Tagor’s poem “Hey, passenger
girl”.
Generally speaking, this article by Cholpon introduced
a great person like Tagore to Uzbek literature and laid
the foundation stone for Tagorism after him. It was
after this release that the number of studies in this
direction increased and it continues to this day. Uzbek
translations of works written by the author also began
to increase: in the 20s, Tagore's poems were published
in various collections (for example, the poem "Lights"
was published in the "Literary Fragments" collection -
S.F.). since the 1950s, his stories and epics appeared on
the pages of the press.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that the period of jadid
literary studies served as a very important stage for
Uzbek literary studies. The reason is that there were
strong literary scholars like Fitrat, Cholpon, Ashurali
Zahiri, Vadud Mahmud, who were very different from
other scholars. In addition, it was possible to learn the
first views about many artists from their books. The
study of Eastern literature was considered important
for the jadids, because introducing skilled poets and
writers from the East was a matter of nationalism and
our identity, instilling our roots in the people.
REFERENCES
1.
Boltaboyev H. XX asr boshlari adabiyotshunosligi
va Fitratning ilmiy merosi: filol. fanlari d-
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Toshkent: A. Navoiy nomidagi Adabiyot instituti,
1996.
2.
Do‘stqorayev B. O‘zbekiston jurnalistikasi tarixi.
-
Toshkent: G‘afur G‘ulom, 2009.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
3.
Karimov N. XX asr adabiyoti manzaralari.-
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Qosimov B. Milliy uyg‘onish davri o‘zbek adabiyoti.
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Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 2004.
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Rahmonov
N.
O‘zbek
mumtoz
adabiyot
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namunalari. II jild.- Toshkent: Fan, 2007.
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Sultonov I. O‘zbek sovet adabiy tanqidi tarixi. I tom.
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Turdiyev Sh., Qoriyev B. O‘zbek adabiyotshunosligi
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G‘aniyev I., Afo
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