Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
6
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the study of predicative words in the Karakalpak language. To prove the statement that
predicative words in the modern Karakalpak language are a separate part of speech, knowledge of the study of this
issue is indicated as one of its main functions. Opinions on the consideration of predicative words in Turkic languages
as a separate part of speech and the peculiarities of their use are also indicated.
KEYWORDS
Predicative words, group of words, language grammar, study of predicative words.
INTRODUCTION
Parts of speech are one of the important issues studied
in linguistics since ancient times. In the history of
linguistics, extensive research has been carried out on
the distribution of words into parts of speech.Today,
new opinions are emerging on the principles of
dividing words into parts of speech. Taking into
account these innovations, it is proved that predicative
words in the Karakalpak language represent a separate
part of speech.When studying general and Russian
linguistics, including Turkology, we see that predicative
words are specially studied in Russian and Azerbaijan
linguistics, and their properties are determined by their
difference from other parts of speech.
METHODOLOGY
Research Article
ON THE STUDY OF PREDICATIVE WORDS IN THE KARAKALPAK
LANGUAGE
Submission Date:
December 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 05, 2023,
Published Date:
December 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue12-02
Eshberdiev Fayzulla Atagullaevich
Teacher At The Department Of Karakalpak Linguistics, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
7
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Scientists have different opinions on this matter.
However, there are no exact opinions that are fully
approved by the majority.
For example, V. A. Gordlevsky called the words bar, joq
(there is, there is not) nouns that perform the
functions of a verb in the language [4]. A.N. Kanonov
considered them in syntax as forming a nominal
predicate using the suffix -dir[5].Recently, it has been
taken into account that these words are often used as
a predicate, and K.M. Lyubimov in his article
emphasizes the words bar, joq (there is, there is not)
as predicative verbs [7].Yanko-Trintskaya, however,
called the words “да”(yes) and “нет” (no) in Russian
as “words outside parts of speech” and considered
them separately from parts of speech.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the grammar of the Tatar language, predicative
words are included in the group of meaningful words
instead of modal words, taking into account the fact
that they are very close to the category of position in
Indo-European languages (bar, joq, kerek, tiyis,
mumkin, yaqshi) (there is, no, needed, must, maybe,
good, etc.).
It is also said that predicative words often perform the
function of a predicate, express modal meanings from
the desired predicate and are close to more meaningful
words [http://www.suzlek.ru]. Among Turkologists
N.P. Dyrenkova, V.V. Reshetov, M. Zakiev, U.S.
Tulegenov and others, the words “there is and there is
not” are used in sentences as nominal predicates and
added to nouns.M. Kazembek considered these words
to be impersonal adjectives-verbs. B. Igamberdiev
refers to the thoughts of N.F. Katanov and classifies
the words “bar” and “joq” there is, there is not”) to
the categories of an adjective [1]. If S. Rakhimov
believes that the lexeme “no” cannot fulfill the rol
e of
a predicate in a sentence, then F. F. Fortunatov
considers the words “bar” and “joq” (there is, there is
not) to be full-fledged words, taking into account the
fact that they are used as part of a sentence.When
classifying parts of speech, A. M. Peshkovsky excludes
the words “bar” and “joq” (“there is, there is not) from
parts of speech. L.M. Minkin does not classify the word
“no” (no) to any part of speech in French according to
its meaning, form and function. A. N. Kononov, Kh.
Daniyarov, Kh. Abdurakhmanov among researchers of
Turkic languages consider the word “no” to be a modal
word, and in the Tatar language this is a word used as
fulfilling the role of a predicate or being part of a
predicate, while V.N. Khangildin - refers them to the
predicative word (heberlekler), N.A. Baskakov, A.N.
Kononov - to the adverb, M.A. Kazembek, I.A. Belyaev
- to the verb, L.N. Kharitonov - to interjections, K.
Makhmudov -
the word “there is” to express approval
and the word “there is not” to express negation; S.
Gujukov adds it to the composition of negative
auxiliary words [9]
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
8
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
6-11
SJIF
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(2022:
5.
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In Karakalpak linguistics, the words there is, there is
not are sometimes studied as exclamatory words, and
sometimes in a series of modal words. However, their
meanings, usage differences, and grammatical
features differ from other exclamatory and modal
words. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the
meanings and grammatical differences of the words
there is, there is no and the words necessary,
necessarily, must, should.
Until the 1970s, there were different opinions about
what part of speech these words belong to, but in
recent years these words have begun to be specifically
studied and presented separately as parts of speech
under the term “predicates” [2]. In Uzbek linguistics, in
some w
orks the term “words denoting being” is used
as a general name, and the words there is, there is not
included in the group of words denoting being [10].
In some works, this term cannot serve as a general
name to denote the affirmation or negation of being,
therefore the term “sentences expressing being”
should be used to express confirmation of being, the
term “negative sentences” to express the negation of
being, and the term “sentences expressing absence”
to explain expressing absence [6].
In Uzbek linguistics, words there is, there is not
classified as a number of predicate words (predicates)
that have not yet been identified, since they mainly
perform the function of a predicate in a sentence [8].
Considering that the words Kerek, lazım, hájet, tiyis,
zárúr, dárkar(necessary, necessarily, should, should,
need to, obligatory), when used with other members
of the sentence, perform the function of a predicate
with use at the end of the sentence, and they should
be considered separately as a separate part of the
word
–
predicative [3].
In Karakalpak linguistics it is argued that the words
kerek, hájet, lazım, dárkar (necessary, obligatory, must,
should) were considered in different parts of speech
under the name of versatile words, without being
assigned to a specific part. According to the results of
modern research, these words, performing the
function of a predicate, should be classified as a
number of predicates [11].
In the section “Modal words” of the “Grammar of the
modern literary Karakalpak language”, w
ords are
divided into two groups according to their use in a
sentence and their relationship with other members of
the sentence: “modal words with one meaning” and
“component modal words”.
The words need, must, necessarily, necessarily, when
used in basic semantics, do not express the meaning of
modality; when used only in certain sentences with
certain words, they express the subjective attitude of
the speaker, having the function of modality. The
words need, must, necessarily are used in their basic
meaning, consistent with words in the form of the
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
9
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
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(2022:
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
nominative case or with other cases, they are
associated with simple or compound predicates,
express the meaning of presence and absence,
obligations [12]. Their modal meaning is expressed only
in connection with words that are close in meaning to
the modality. Taking into account such properties of
the word, words expressing a sense of duty are
considered along with the words there is, there is not
as a predicate.
Currently, the words bar, joq, kerek, zárúr, dárkar, tiyis,
lazım (there is, no, necessary, need to, necessarily,
should) are called predicate members of the sentence
(predicates), according to the meaning of their use
they are studied divided into two groups: with the
meaning of presence and absence, obligation [12].
In the modern Karakalpak language, the words bar, joq
(there is, there is not) mean presence or absence, and
are often used at the end of a sentence as a component
of a simple or compound predicate. The word there is
a mutual antonym to the word there is not.
The words there is, there is not during
substantivization can perform the function of subject,
object, circumstance, etc.
The word necessary has the function of a noun and a
verb. For example, as nouns, they can express the
following meanings:
1) with the help of word-forming affixes -
–lı/
-li, -
sız/
-
sizperforms the function of definition. For example:
O
ǵ
an ókpeleme Zay
ı
rbay, qaytama kerekli azamat
bol
ǵ
an
ıń
a quwan! Qur
ı
l
ı
st
ı
baslaw ush
ı
n kerekli
hújjetlerdi
tayarla
ń
hám
baslap
jiberi
ń
(S.
Qaniyazov).(Don’t be angry with him, Zaiyrbay, be glad
that you are a useful citizen! Prepare the necessary
documents and start construction (S. Kaniyazov).
2) using the suffux -dur to denote permanence:
Jigitke ómirlik sadıq joldas kerekdur,
Arbası
nbirge
tartar
mıqlı
qoldas
kerekdur
(T.Jiyemuratov).
A young man needs a faithful companion for life.
We need a strong hand to help us pull the cart
together. (T. Jiyemuratov).
Alımlar
ǵ
a hal kerekdur, Sharwalar
ǵ
a mal kerekdur,
Xosh jigitke yar kerekdur, Qáddi Álif lámdur búgin
(A.Muwsaev).
Scientists need strength, Shepherds need cattle, A
cheerful young man needs a companion, Caddy Alif
Lam today (A. Muўsaev).
Predicative words tiyis, kerek, dárkar, lazım,
zárúr(should, need, must, necessarily, should) with the
words edi, eken, bol (was), used along with auxiliary
verbs, mean the tense and mood of the verb:
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
10
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
6-11
SJIF
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(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Jarlınıtutıpsabawkerekeken
The poor man had to be caught and beaten (T.
Kaiypbergenov).
Basıńaqashshan
-
aqtiyiwikerekediseniń!
-dedi
Matkarimov
It should have gone to your head
–
said Matkarimov
Words along with the nouns kerek, múmkin, lazım,
dárkar(necessary, perhaps, necessary, necessarily) are
used with verbs in the form of inflections
–ıw/
-iw, -
ў,
-
maq/-mek and form impersonal sentences. For
example: Xattı ája
ǵ
ama beriw kerek. Toy heshjaqqa
qashpayd
ı
, us
ı
árman jóninde ke
ń
esiw kerek. I need to
give a letter to my brother. The wedding is not going
anywhere, we need to consult about this dream (T.
Kaiypbergenov).
CONCLUSION
In the modern Karakalpak language, the use in
different meanings of the words bar, joq, kerek, dárkar,
zárúr, tiyis, lazım (there is, there is not, necessary,
obligatory, necessarily, should, must), an introductory
word, used as a word-sentence, taking different word-
forming suffixes become the basis for the formation of
parts of speech, given the use of the word mainly at the
end of the word, can be considered as a separate part
of speech.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
6-11
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
9.
Nurmanov A. On the place of negative and positive
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Ҳә
зирги
қ
ара
қ
алпа
қ
ә
дебий
тилини
ң
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