Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
84
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the features of phraseological units in the folklore texts of the studied languages using the
complicative method, while systematically selecting relevant research materials from fairy tales and paying attention
to phraseological units with the components "HEAD".
KEYWORDS
Component, phraseological unity, complicative method, systematization.
INTRODUCTION
The texts of 1158 English fairy tales were used to
analyze phraseological units w
ith the “Head”
component in English using the complicative method.
The lexical unit "Head" in fairy tales is not repeated as
often as in the Karakalpak language, the reason for this
is that the unit "Head" does not have the same word-
formation difference as "Bas". The following examples
from fairy tales were selected for analysis:
1) “Now there’s the flax,” says he, “and if that ain’t
spun up this night, off goes your head.” And then he
went out and locked the door («Tom Tit Tot» fairytale,
15 p.);
2) Well! she laid down her little golden head without
fear; and whist! down came the axe, and it was off. So
the mother wiped the axe and laughed («The Rose
Tree» fairytale, 18 p.);
Research Article
LINGO-CULTURAL DESCRIPTION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE
COMPONENT "HEAD"
Submission Date:
July 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2023,
Published Date:
July 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue07-14
Arzimbetova Sarbinaz Abdambetovna
Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh Nukus, Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
85
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
3) As he drew near to the wood where he had left his
wife, he heard a parrot on a tree calling out his name:
“Mr. Vinegar, you foolish man, you blockhead, you
simpleton; you went to the fair, and laid out all your
money in buying a cow («Mr. Vinegar» fairytale, 24 p.);
4) Well, she went away on and on till she came to a fen,
and there she gathered a lot of rushes and made them
into a kind of a sort of a cloak with a hood, to cover her
from head to foot, and to hide her fine clothes. And
then she went on and on till she came to a great house
(«Cap O’Rushes» fairytale, 32 p.);
5) And next she lay down upon the bed of the Middle
Bear; and that was too high at the foot for her. And
then she lay down upon the bed of the Little, Small,
Wee Bear; and that was neither too high at the head,
nor at the foot, but just right («The story of the three
bears» fairytale, 36 p.);
6) Here, late at night, he found a lonesome house, and
knocked at the door, which was opened by an aged
man with a head as white as snow («THE HISTORY OF
TOM THUMB» fairytale, 78 p.);
7) A short time afterwards his mother was making a
batter-pudding, and Tom, being very anxious to see
how it was made, climbed up to the edge of the bowl;
but his foot slipped, and he plumped over head and
ears into the batter, without his mother noticing him,
who stirred him into the puddingbag, and put him in
the pot to boil («THE HISTORY OF TOM THUMB»
fairytale, 80 p.);
8) Chop off my head, my hinny, my heart, Chop off my
head, my own darling; («THE WELL OF THE WORLD’S
END» fairytale, 91 p.)
«Off goes your head, little golden head, you blockhead,
to cover her from head to foot, too high at the head,
an aged man with a head as white as snow, over head
and ears, chop off my head» phraseological units were
chosen because of the "Head" component. Expressive-
metaphoric characteristics of word combinations: you
blockhead, an aged man with white head, from head to
food, off the top of my head. The relative component
has a different stylistic color in the composition of the
text and word order, and expresses a positive and
negative relationship.
«Blockhead»
—
a phraseological unit that is used to
describe people as stupid.
Keyword (Head): «Head» the reference word in this
phraseological unit is counted. "Intellect" is also an
identifier that evaluates human-related concepts and is
a lexical unit denoting a human organ, which has an
expressive meaning.
Word combination (Block): «Block» a phraseological
unit consisting of a word. This word unit complements
the meaning of the reference word and is considered
an element that reveals the uniqueness of the
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
86
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
phraseological unit. In this chain, the word "Block" is a
metaphorical term for a person's head and a
component that describes the activity of this part (like
a tree branch, it is hard or calm, and it means stupidity).
Meaning: “Blockhead” The meaning of the word
system is dark, stupid; it means that the process of
acceptance is difficult or difficult to understand. This is
a derogatory phraseological unit that is used to criticize
someone's
intellectual
ability
or
express
a
disapproving opinion.
Localization of the components of the word system:
from head to food.
The localization of phraseological units was learned
due to the necessity of translating language materials
and comparing them to the second language.
Phraseological units are characteristic of a specific
language or culture, and often material differences,
historical facts, or region-specific meanings are taken
into work.
1. Source language (English): "from head to food".
Target language (Karakalpak): «Бастан ая
қ
» (
с
ө
збе
-
с
ө
з
: "
басдан
ая
ққ
а
").
The base word (Head) is a component of a
phraseological unit and is connected with the word
system "to foot". This component is calculated as the
indicator of the volume or content of the
phraseological unit. The general meaning of the word
system "from head to toe" is to be completely covered,
affected, or immersed in objects or feelings ranging
from work to feet. It means stability and integrity.
Explanation: This idiomatic unit in English is the exact
equivalent of Karakalpak "from head to toe" and
retains the meaning that someone is completely
wrapped up in emotions.
The equivalent of this phraseological unit in Spanish is
'completely covered or affected', in German 'full
coverage of some objects or people', in Italian 'full
inclusion of some objects or people', in Japanese 'full
coverage of some objects or people in one idea".
In this case, the localization of the idiom "from head to
food" helps to determine the relevance of the concept:
the concept of complete coverage or influence is
explained in many languages. In this way, translations
of word units in learned languages keep the same
meaning or offer similar idiomatic word sequences that
convey the same content.
These examples show how the word system with the
"head" element in idiomatic word systems can be
localized in different languages, while preserving its
specific meaning and idiomatic peculiarities. In those
cases, the literal translation of the "head" element is
preserved, while in others, it is used as a material
equivalent or synonym word system to effectively
convey the quantified conceptual meaning.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
87
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Epistemological character: white head, blockhead, off
the top of my head.
Word order «Off the top of my head» is a common
idiomatic unit in the English language. This unit can be
used when someone is giving opinions or information
without paying attention to deep thoughts or
correctness.
By itself, this word order radiates the act of giving a
quick response without thinking. In this case, the
speaker explains that instead of analyzing the
information in depth, he quickly answers the question
with a focus on memory.
Because the answer does not refer to verified
information, it may be vague or unclear. This is used in
most cases when there is no clear answer.
By using this word combination the speaker's
information is characterized as unreliable or unclear
because the speaker has not taken the time to learn or
verify the full information. One of the differences in the
official language is that this unit of words can be
understood only in the form of a sentence, it is not
possible to learn it by dividing it into separate parts,
and it is known that a specific meaning cannot be
extracted from the meanings of separate words.
In an informal language, this phrase is used irregularly
or in the process of oral speech, and it is less commonly
used in the context of providing clarity and factual
information.
All in all, 'off the top of my head' is a phrase that
expresses an opinion that has not been extensively
researched or thought out.
In idiomatic word chains with the "Head" component,
the ellipsis variant of the complicative method is found.
In this case, if a part of the phraseological unit is lost, it
can also explain the corresponding content, that is, the
stability of the composition of the word unit and the
difference in formula helps to make the meaning clear.
The "Head" component is a multifaceted element, it
can appear in different idiomatic word sequences, and
the ellipsis phenomenon can appear in different parts
of the compound.
«Head over heels» - full idiomatic word combination is
"falling into love from head to toe" and means to be
deeply or completely in love. An ellipsis can also be
used to omit the "in love" element, but the meaning
does not change due to the strictness of the
interpretation.
«Keep your head above water» - a complete
phraseological unit means "staying away from bad
financial difficulties". Here, the absence of information
about whether the ellipsis should be clear or controlled
(e.g., «keep your head above water financially»).
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
88
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
«Off the top of your head» - full word combination
means "saying things carelessly and carelessly". The
peculiarity of ellipsis is that the speaker leaves out of
the speech the thing he mentioned carelessly and
without thinking.
«Lose your head» - full idiomatic word combination
means "to lose control of one's feelings or actions in a
stressful situation". The elliptic difference is calculated
by ignoring a special case that leads to the destruction
of the control.
These examples show that the strict and formulaic
nature of idiomatic word sequences has ellipsis
characteristics, where the speaker may leave out
different parts of the word sequence in explaining the
measured meaning. It is possible to fully accept the
information due to familiarity with idiomatic word
chains by listener or reader.
The complicative method distinguished phraseological
units according to three characteristics and proved
that the structure of word chains can have expressive
color to a certain extent. That said, this method can
add principles to the content of the units.
The semantic structure of the functional features of
complicative is determined by different features,
therefore the most important principle of the
complicative method is to learn the semantic and
functional features in their close relationship, to reveal
their interrelationship; The relative sign of this principle
helped to determine the signs related to the speech
function as a semantic structure.
Phraseological
complicative
characteristics
of
language units are known in systematic ways, and
according to this principle, a systematic description of
phraseological units in a functional-semantic way is
calculated.
Thus, the subordinate connection of the components
in the structure of many phraseological and idiomatic
word units was determined. Each of their elements
was consolidated in the language over time and later
became a stable metaphorical word system.
Color, uniqueness and feelings are added to such word
combinations, but they should be used with caution,
because they may be perceived as insulting or impolite,
that is, they may pass into an unpleasant connotation.
From the analysis, it can be said that different
phraseological units are absorbed into the lexical
composition of the nation or language, and they are
considered an inseparable and important part of the
vocabulary.
Cognitive differences of phraseological units provide
insight
into
intellectual
reconstruction
and
interpretation in human consciousness.
Cognitive properties help solve the problems of
diversity and complexity of the use of language units,
enable language speakers to effectively and
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
89
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
84-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
meaningfully convey the meanings of various
communicative contexts.
In short, the London Linguistic School, J.R. Firs said
that an idiomatic word is necessary to analyze the
importance of combinations and their linguistic
differences.
Idiomatic word combinations consist of strictly
connected, formal language elements, which are used
in a specific context to convey certain information or
thoughts.
Using
the
complicative
method,
learning
phraseological units helped to identify the following
differences: contextual (the meaning of word units is
determined in relation to linguistic, social and cultural
contexts); functional (speech sequences are abstract,
context-free language rules, a tool for geodesication of
various social goals); disjunction (the tendency of
words in a group of words to join together, related to
their strict and formulaic nature), prosody and
intonation (the meaning and pragmatic functions of
word sequences), the change of word meaning
(metaphorical or metonymic basis), social influence
(the
use
of
word
sequences
in
everyday
communication) dynamics), cultural and regional
changes (radiation of cultural norms, beliefs and
traditions in different cultures and regions).
REFERENCES
1.
Volkov D.A. Method of studying phraseological
units, initialized by S.G. Gavrin // International
Student Scientific Bulletin. - 2016. - No. 5-3; URL:
https://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=16066
(date of access: 07/04/2023).
2.
Gavrin S.G. Phraseology of the modern Russian
language: (In the aspect of the theory of
reflection): Proc. manual for a special course for
philologists / Ministry of Education of the RSFSR.
Perm. state ped. in-t. - Perm: [b. and.], 1974 [issue.
Dan. 1975]. - 269 p.
3.
https://studfile.net/preview/7150405/page:10/
