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ABSTRACT
This article explores the occurrence of English verb predicates within the functional-semantic field. It aims to analyze
how verb predicates are used in different contexts and how their meanings and functions vary based on their syntactic
and semantic properties. The study utilizes a corpus-based approach to investigate the distribution and patterns of
verb predicates across various domains. The findings reveal the diverse roles and functions of verb predicates in
different contexts, shedding light on their importance in understanding the English language.
KEYWORDS
English verb predicates, functional-semantic field, corpus-based approach, syntactic properties, semantic properties.
INTRODUCTION
American linguist S. Rothstein considers the main
predicate and the secondary predicate as semantically
related phenomena. The author gives the answer that
the time of the events represented by the secondary
predicate and the main predicate are equal to each
other. In his opinion, both predicates complement
each other in terms of meaning (S. Rothstein; 2004, 68-
69). And G. Mirsanov emphasizes that secondary
predicates serve as pointers that clearly express the
aspectual semantics of the main predicate (G.
Mirsanov; 2018, 55). Also, the author evaluates
productivity as a slot (node) belonging to the
Research Article
OCCURRENCE OF ENGLISH VERB PREDICATES IN THE FUNCTIONAL-
SEMANTIC FIELD
Submission Date:
June 05, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 10, 2023,
Published Date:
June 15, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue06-07
Davlatova Muhayyo Hasanovna
Doctor of Philosophy (Phd) Associate Professor in Philological Sciences Head of The Department of English At
the Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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framework of completion (G'. Mirsanov; 2019, 108-
109), although productivity and completion are
considered
separate
phenomena.
Because
productivity creates unique structures. That is why the
comparative study of productivity as a separate
phenomenon can have its own effect. However, we
approve of the author's introduction of resultality to
the type of aspectual semantics. Another reason why
we analyze resultativeness as a separate construction
is related to the fact that in English, the passive
participle is formed with the auxiliary verb to be and
the participle II form. But the resultative expression in
the form of he is gone is also recognized as a separate
structure. In addition, it is customary to contrast these
compounds with the perfect form. For example: He has
fallen grammatical perfect form means that the action
has been performed up to the present moment of
reality, He is fallen represents the resultative meaning,
the given information means the result. Such
occurrences are a characteristic feature of linking verbs
in English, such as to fall, to set, to go, and to do.
The sun is set/has set. /He is gone to the market.
Finite transitive verbs, according to G'. Mirsanov, have
a resultative meaning in the sense of changing the
status of the object: But all that ended when they
moved the first shovel (Stone, 275) (G'.Mirsanov; 2019,
106). In this scenario, we believe that, in addition to the
transitive form of the verb, the numerical indicator and
quantitative indicators of the unit that serves as a
complement are important. When we change this
combination into a plural form (moving numerous
shovels), the resultativeness scheme vanishes on its
own.
The semantics of the aspect form and the actional
(bounded) type of the verb are used to generate the
resultant meaning represented by a specific verb
lexeme (C.Smith; 1991, 1997). This device is associated
with the participants in the language representation of
any event, as well as the ontological feature
represented in the predicate in the form of actional
categorization. Events that are expressed in a certain
way occur in grammar as specific devices. In English
grammar, such constructions are classified as
resultative or causative (A. Goldberg; 1995, 2005; W.
Croft, 2001). The significance of these structures is
distinct. For example: She sneezed the napkin off the
table.
METHODS
The semantics of the aspect form and the actional
(bounded) type of the verb are used to generate the
resultant meaning represented by a specific verb
lexeme (C.Smith; 1991, 1997). This device is associated
with the participants in the language representation of
any event, as well as the ontological feature
represented in the predicate in the form of actional
categorization. Events that are expressed in a certain
way occur in grammar as specific devices. In English
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grammar, such constructions are classified as
resultative or causative (A. Goldberg; 1995, 2005; W.
Croft, 2001). The significance of these structures is
distinct. We pay attention to the following examples:
The door banged behind her and John Ryan saw,
through the bedroom window, his wife ran across the
small foot bridge opposite the pub (Maeve Binchy, 4).
In the given example, the pattern X adj.reflexiveVprp
formed a result structure, and its expression acted as a
reference for subsequent events.
In certain types of compounds, the general semantics
of the subject of causation and the object of causation
is reflected in the verb part. This is a characteristic of
the English language. For example: And every evening
while she was getting supper she made him take me
out on the end of a string for a walk.
In the Uzbek language, we can observe a slightly
different situation. The causative expression is formed
by adding a morphological suffix to the verb, and the
subject performs the task of performing the action. For
example: The desert wind blew in the reeds, ruffled the
girl's hair, covered her eyebrows. (Cho‘l shamoli esib
qamishzorlarda uvladi, qiz sochlarini to‘zg‘itdi,
qoshlarini berkitib tashladi. ) (Said Ahmad, 362). In this
example, in the construction V cause -+it
–
Y,
causativeness is expressed by the suffix
–
it. Under the
influence of causation, the condition of the object
(hair, eyebrows) has changed, the resulting meaning is
expressed.
There are structures in English that are made up of two
predicates that have similar meanings. These
structures are classified as resultative, causal, or
descriptive. The main predicate conveys the subject's
activity, whereas the secondary predicate expresses
the consequence of the predicative action, the
subject's condition, and the picture of the subject's
action. In certain ways, resultativeness and
causativeness complement each other. In certain
circumstances, resultative and causal meanings might
coexist inside the same structure. The use of
impersonal verb types like as adjectives and infinitives
as
a
secondary
predicate
demonstrates
resultativeness. The structures indicated by the
adjective show how the descriptive action and
circumstance are accomplished.
1) performance differs from descriptive in the type of
action related to the situation: He left the party angrily
// He was upset of the party. The first example
describes how the person left the night. Depictiveness
in the construction of the party angrily in the example
is expressed by the expression angrily. In the next
example, the state of the person caused by the
situation of the night created productivity;
2) resultativeness and descriptiveness arise depending
on the lexical-semantic meaning of the impersonal
verb participating in the secondary predicate. The cold
made his nose run // The smell of the roast beef made
Willy realize that he was hungry. In the first example,
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causation and effectivity are expressed in one
structure. Causativeness is indicated in the primary
predicate by the causative verb, and resultativeness is
expressed in the secondary predicate by the infinitive
of the device his nose ran. The second phrase combines
causativeness and descriptiveness into a single
construction. Causativeness is a property of the verb in
the primary predicate in this example, and
descriptiveness is understood from the meaning of the
secondary
predicate
and
the
complementing
sentence. The expressions for resultative, causal, and
descriptive structures are identical in Uzbek. Causation
is grasped rationally. The structures of resultativeness
and descriptiveness can coexist. Resultativeness is the
overall
meaning
of
the
structure,
whereas
descriptiveness is measured by its informative value.
For example: He was still looking through the broken
glass with a smile (Said Ahmad, 294). The fire burned
the withered reeds from one end (Said Ahmad, 319).
In these cases, effectiveness is measured as a
consequence of a new condition or action that
happened as a result of a prior activity. Resultativeness
has a grammatical form that is connected to the
meaning of the circumstance in some situations and a
lexical-semantic feature in others. In the cases given,
the resultativeness pertains to the secondary
predicate. There is a result orientation in the lexical-
semantics of the verbs to break, to shatter into pieces,
to crumple as a secondary predicate. The expression of
performance is subject to particular grammatical forms
in the system of languages that are prone to lexical-
semantic approaches. As grammatical indications of
resultativeness, passive participle or adjective forms of
verbs might be used.
Structures play an imperative part within the
investigation of verb semantics. In this case, the
combinations that happen inside a certain verb course
are isolated and assessed agreeing to the conceivable
outcomes of shaping a structure. As a result, there are
a few ways that the meaning of the verbs having a
place to a certain gather is related to the meaning
communicated by the discourse structure. As a result,
the meaning of the verb does not specifically reflect
the meaning of the structure in which it takes an
interest. The structure of developments does not
continuously have the required order. This is often due
to the contrasts within the structures having a place to
each dialect family. In cross-linguistic comparison,
ready to see that the morphological highlights of verbs
impact the arrangement of a structure. For case,
phonetic concepts such as possessive, practical, and
causative are assessed as highlights of the verb lexeme
in English. In other dialects, in specific, in Uzbek, the
categorical alter of the verb depends on morphological
signs. Increments included to the verb root, assistant
verbs that shape expository shapes can semantically
isolate the verb having a place to a certain course or
group into subgroups. In such cases, the act of
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recognizing structures based on lexical event may not
work. That's why the premise of all lexical,
morphological and syntactic tools within the definition
and investigation of structures leads to certain comes
about. Not at all like the Uzbek dialect, a few bunches
of verbs within the English dialect frame the premise of
structures. Ready to watch this within the combination
of a limited characteristic verb with a expressive
descriptive word. For example: The door closed shut
(O'Henry, 364). The resultative construction in the
example is formed in the semantic relationship
between the action feature of the verb close and the
adjective shut.
CONCLUSION
This article has examined the occurrence of English
verb predicates within the functional-semantic field. By
employing a corpus-based approach, we have analyzed
their syntactic and semantic properties in different
contexts. The study has highlighted the diverse roles
and functions of verb predicates, shedding light on
their importance in understanding the English
language. The findings emphasize the significance of
considering both syntactic and semantic aspects when
analyzing verb predicates and provide valuable insights
for language learning and teaching. By understanding
the occurrence and usage of verb predicates, learners
can enhance their communicative competence and
effectively navigate different functional-semantic
fields. Resultativeness is related to the change of state
caused by the action of the verb and is a phenomenon
characteristic of argument semantics. The argument
acts as a patiens in such cases. Therefore, in English,
resultative structures can occur in the position after
both transitive and intransitive verbs. Resultative
constructions that are formed after transitive verbs
belong to the indirect complement. For example: "I
had brushed my hair very smooth." (Ch. Bronte, Jane
Eyre);
"You killed it stone-dead." (Somerset Maugham,
"Altogether).
According to syntactic-semantic formation, these
examples can be evaluated in the form of two types of
resultative constructions. In the first example, the
transitive verb and the resultative phrase are combined
in terms of meaning. In the second example, the
resultative meaning refers to the semantics of the
verb.
In English, it is also observed that resultativeness is
formed with the help of an intransitive verb. Events
expressed using an intransitive verb are called
"intransitive resultative structures". Compare:
a. The joggers ran their Nikes thread bare.
b. The kids laughed themselves into frenzy.
c. He sneezed his handkerchief completely soggy.
d. The boy cried himself sick. (Rothstein S., 1992; 127)
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In example (a) "The runners wore out their shoes by
running", in example (b) "The children lost themselves
laughing", in example (c) "He wet his handkerchief
with a limp" and in example (d) the meanings such as
"The child cried and got sick" are expressed. The
resultative meanings in these examples were created
as a result of compositional pictorial expression. The
semantics of resultativeness arose as a result of
combining a verb with an instrumental complement.
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