Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
60
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the prose works published in the magazine “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi”. In t
hese works, the artistic
interpretation of the reality of the time, the literary environment of the 20s and 30s, and the problems of colonialism
in the country were studied.
KEYWORDS
Prose work, contemporary reality, women’s freedom, knowledge.
INTRODUCTION
In the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, the cultural and
spiritual life was complicated, difficult and conflicted.
At the beginning of the 20s, work on the formation and
development of the Soviet education system, which is
considered one of the most important tasks of cultural
construction, began in Uzbekistan. As the Shura
system is planning to create a new education system in
Uzbekistan, its first goal is to develop the public
education system in Uzbekistan, to make the people
literate, to inculcate communist ideas in the minds of
the country’s children through the enjoyment of
knowledge, and in this way to create personnel who
will serve themselves wholeheartedly was to educate.
In addition, in the 20s of the 20th century, the
Research Article
ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE REALITY OF THE TIME IN THE PROSE
WORKS IN THE MAGAZINE “MAORIF VA O‘QITG‘UVCHI”
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue04-10
Adilbekov Elmira Seytimovna
Ph.D., Associate Professor Of The Department Of Turkish Philology At The Kazakh-Turkish International
University Named After Khoja Ahmad Yassavi, Uzbekistan
Soatova Gulzoda Nurmamat
Tashkent State Uzbek Named After Alisher Navoi Teacher Of Language And Literature University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
61
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
movement to free Uzbek women from captivity
begins. But this issue could be solved by explaining it
to the people on a large scale, through educational
solutions. But this movement, unfortunately, was
accelerated by the haste and administrative method
without taking into account the local conditions,
customs and traditions of the country. No one was
ready for this at the time. As a result, many Uzbek
women died on this road.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Uzbek literature also
experienced serious life tests. This literature, which
has rich historical values, as a mirror of the spirit of the
nation, has gained an important importance in its
spiritual life. But the activities of this main sector came
under the regular control of the Shura government. In
their opinion, literature should serve as a powerful
ideological weapon to strengthen the new regime and
encourage the masses to do so. The reality of this
period in the 1920s and 1930s is certainly reflected in
the works published in the “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi”
magazine.
METHODS
“Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi” magazine in “Literature” and
“Western Literature” sections Sherbek, Elbek, Sh.
Sulayman, Said Ahrari, Boyish, Ghozi Yunus, F. Rahman,
Mirtemir, Kavkab, Somoni, S. Ainiy, Yashin, Mahbuba
Rahim’s daughter , N. Rahimi, A. Hafiz, Amalakhanim,
Abu Varoja, Fatih Bakir, Vadud Mahmud, Olmas,
Tayfun, Rahim Ali, etc., gave stories of various
contents, educational tales and fragments. In most of
them, the reality of the period of 20-30 years is
interpreted in artistic pictures.
It is known that the Soviet government massacred the
people of the country and started terrible repressions
under the pretext of ending the autonomy of
Turkestan. Among them, the Kokan incident has a
special place. Along with the terrible massacres and
destruction of the Red Army in the city of Kokan, they
also tried to destroy the Ferghana Valley and turn it
into a cult. In this way, the Soviet government wanted
to intimidate the local population and make them
unable to raise their heads. Of course, these historical
events are also reflected in the prose works given in
the magazine.
In the 9th issue of 1926, under the pseudonym “Sir”, a
story called “Memories of the Revolution”1 was
published, in which Kokan fell into a pitiful situation as
a result of the battle between “Shurai Islam” and th
e
Bolsheviks in Kokan, the residents of the area fled for
their lives to the place where they were confronted,
the Bolsheviks defeated the enemy, is described as
distributing bread and food to the survivors. In this
story Sherali describes Kokan’s conditio
n in a letter to
his friend: “… Kokan was burnt to ashes. Not a single
sign was left on the market stalls. Everything was razed
to the ground. There is no one to bury the dead. For a
week, the dead lay rotting and stinking. Villian “Shurai
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
62
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Islam” and Bol
sheviks turned our stable city into a ruin,
in order to fight each other. If you come, you won’t
recognize the city. I haven’t heard from your parents.
Maybe they ran away to the village... Take measures to
come as soon as possible after receiving the le
tter”.
RESULTS
According to Bois Qariev’s article “About Literary
Pseudonyms”2, the creator with the pseudonym “Sir”
is actually Shakir Sulayman. Poet, prose writer and
literary critic Shakir Sulayman created together with
H.H. Niyozi and S. Ainiys in the 20s and 30s. He was
actively involved with poems, epics, essays and stories
in the newspapers “Ishtirokiyun”, “Turkiston”, “Red
Uzbekistan”, “Fergana”, magazines such as “Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uvchi”, “Alanga”, “Yer yuzi”.
Although the author of the story gives a positive
assessment of the changes after the revolution, he
does not hide the fact that Kokan was destroyed by a
cruel way. After all, the suppression of Kokan is still
remembered as an example of ruthless war. Historian
scientist Elmurod Zakirov gives the following
information about this: “The Soviet government’s use
of the Dashnak detachment belonging to the Armenian
nationality to suppress the autonomy of Turkestan.
The Dashnaks burned the hospital in Kokand, where
there were 500 wounded and sick. Members of 50
households of Kokan cotton factory workers were
slaughtered. In the city of Kokand itself, he
slaughtered the inhabitants of 10 neighborhoods and
killed their children. The post office, more than 1,000
stores and shops were burnt to ashes in the city of
Kokan. More than 1,500 people's houses were burned
and they were left on the streets”.3
DISCUSSION
About the colonial policy in the 20s and 30s, Narzulla
Joraev and Shodi Karimov coup, “chose two different
ways of struggle to establish the colonial regime in the
regions of Central Asia on the basis of a solid
foundation. The first way is the way to forcefully
suppress the native Muslim population who started for
independence and national liberation. This road was
carried out by the Red Army, armed to the teeth with
modern, military weapons. This policy was continued
until the mid-1930s.
The second way was carried out on the ideological
front against the dissenters, who had their own
independent opinion - conclusion, without refraining
from coercion, use of force, arrest, exile and
extermination”4 The colonial policy reflected in the
story “Memories of the Revolution” was an artistic
interpretation of the Kokan incident.
The main theme of the 1920s and 1930s was the
complete destruction of charizm, the establishment of
communism, and the ideas of achieving a new free and
prosperous life , it was reflected in the works of
“Saidzadalar” translated by Ghazi Yunus in the issue 12
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
63
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of 1926, “Chin turmushga chiqqan edim” by F.Rahmon
in the combin
ed issues 1, 2 of 1927, Sitin’s “Uzun
Kulak”translated by Bayish in the combined issues 9, 10
of 1927, “Khotamjon” by M. Sayidkhanov in the 5th
issue of 1929, “Fragment from the Black Days” by M.
Hamidov in the 10th issue of 1928, 1928 It was also
reflect
ed in stories such as N. Rahimi’s “Invaders” in
the 11th issue, and “Revenge” by Gaidovskyi in the
translation of Amalakhanim in the 12th issue of 1928.
Elbek’s story entitled “Kuzatishda”5 tells about the
experiences of Toshbobo, who was blinded by the
trials of fate. He talks about his journey when there
were no railways, saying that there is no such thing as
sending someone, especially a loved one, on a long
journey. Before going on a trip, he describes the
situation of the family members as follows: “
If
someone killed them, the dead would be left in the
field and they would not see us, and they would not see
us. Before our departure, they would hug each other
again and again. In the case of our mothers, they would
cling to our necks and cry uncontrollably, - they would
cry and be helpless”. As fate would have it, when he
turned 45, he saw a son, and when he was old enough,
he sent him to a school to study, but because he could
not learn anything even in 6-7 years, he transferred him
to a new school with the words of a friend, he gets
bored and doesn’t know anyone, he just wants to
study, his son is now married and has two children, but
he and his friends go to “L” city to study, and Tashbabo
always remembers his parents when he goes to the
station to watch his son. He talks about how hard it is
to send him on a long journey, and he looks at the train
tracks of a uniformed man who went out to watch his
son: “Oh, lifeblood, how much you will make us sad
when you leave, when will you make us happy now?”
He always remembers his words.
In this story of Elbek, together with the description of
the anguish of a father sending his child on a trip, ideas
such as children’s learning and enlightenment are put
forward. it is felt that he understands well that it is
necessary. The fact that Toshbobo’s son entered a
new school and quickly became literate, he was not
afraid of difficult times to continue his studies, and
continued his studies even though he had a family is
proof of our above opinion. Also, for some reason, the
author mysteriously gives the name of the city where
his son is studying as “L” city, and does not reveal it
openly.
After all, Elbek, as a devotee of spreading knowledge
to the younger generation of his time, created
educational manuals and col
lections such as “Yozuv
yo‘llari”, “O‘rnak”, “Boshlang‘ich maktabda ona tili”,
“Go‘zal yozg‘ichlar” for students of the 2nd and 4th
grades studying in new schools. Elbek was a poet who
expressed his reaction to every event, change and
innovation in life. Making children literate, building
new schools, writing new books for them was the main
content of the writer’s life. In particular, he actively
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
64
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
participated in the development of children's
literature.
In Somoni’s story “O‘zgarish”6, women, including th
e
hero of the story, 17-year-old Hamida, shed their burqa
and walk openly, study science, overcome obstacles
along the way, build their own lives independently
without anyone’s interference. Hamida threw off her
burqa, studied at a teacher training school and became
a teacher. He gets a good salary and makes up for his
and his family’s shortcomings. One day, her mother,
aunt Mazoda, found out that her daughter had money,
and brought her home because her stepson Mansur
needed money. But Hamida does not give money to
her brother, she accuses him of what he has done and
kicks her out of the house. Mansur leaves the house
upset. Hamida is not interested in the opinion of her
mother, who is hurt by this. After talking with his
brother Sattor, who studies in Moscow, he goes to
study in Moscow. Issues such as women's freedom,
equal rights with men in the society, education, and
profession are highlighted in the story.
CONCLUSIONS
Issues such as women’s freedom, equal rights with
men in the society, education, and profession are
highlighted in the story.
In the “Literature Department” of the “Maorif va
o‘qitg‘uvchi” magazine in the joint issues 3
-4 of 1927,
issues such as women’s access to education and
occupation, Mirtemir’s “O‘zbek qizi Mastonoy”, in the
joint issues 5-
6 of 1928, Yashin’s “Lolaxon”, reflected in
Kavkab’s “Tong uyqusida” in issue 6 of 1927 and F.
Rahman’s “Qutulish” stories.
So, in the prose works of the “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi”
magazine, the topical issues of the time were depicted
in artistic pictures. The magazine is valuable as a
literary source for informing about the political
situation that prevailed in our country in the 1920s and
1930s, as well as the lifestyle and wishes of our
ancestors.
REFERENCES
1.
B. Kariyev. About literary pseudonyms. //Uzbek
language and nature. 1967. Issue 1. Page 51-57.
2.
E.Zokirov. Termination of the autonomy of
Turkestan and the mass repressions applied to the
autonomists in the following periods. Volume 3.
3.
Elbek. In observation. // Maorif va o
ʻ
qitg
ʻ
uvchi.
1925. Issue 2, pp. 60-62
4.
N. Jorayev, Sh. Karimov. History of Uzbekistan.
East. Tashkent - 2011, page 325.
5.
Somony. Change. // Maorif va o
ʻ
qitg
ʻ
uvchi. 1927.
Issue 6, pp. 21-26
6.
H. Uzokov. Elbek. Selected works. East. 1999. Page
9
7.
Sh. Sulaiman. Memories of the revolution. // Maorif
va o
ʻ
qitg
ʻ
uvchi. 1926. Issue 9. Pages 44-47.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
65
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
P
AGES
:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
8.
Jabborov, N., & Khojieva, S. (2019). POETIC
CONSTRUE OF THE SYMBOL OF “IMAGINATION”
IN CHULPAN POETRY. Theoretical & Applied
Science, (11), 264-267.
9.
Жабборов, Н. (2020). Выражение национального
духа в «днях минувших». in Library, 20(2), 3–
16.
извлечено
от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/1
7741
10.
Рахмонова, Д.
(2021). Ривожи миллат истар
эрсанг. in Library, 21(1), 3–15. извлечено от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/
8139
11.
Madirimova, S. (2019). Mutrib Xonaxarob asarlari
qo ‘lyozmalarining ilmiy tavsifi. Oltin bitiglar–
Golden Scripts, 3(3).
12.
Pardayev, Q. L. (2019). Muqimiy lirik asarlarining
matniy-qiyosiy tahlili. Oltin bitiglar
–
Golden Scripts,
1(1).
13.
Soatova, G. N. Q. (2022). «MAORIF VA O ‘QITG
‘UVCHI» JURNALIDAGI TARJIMA ASARLARDA
ASLIYAT MANBANING SAQLANISH DARAJASI
(1925-1929 YILLARDAGI SONLARI ASOSIDA).
Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational,
natural and social sciences, 2(7), 665-675.
