Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
36
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article gives a comprehensive analysis of the definitions of the cosmonyms sun, moon in the scientific, linguistic,
lexicographical and symbolic aspects. The author also uses the frequency parameter when studying cosmonyms: the
statistics of the use of a particular cosmonyms in the phraseology which reveal the semantic accent, the priority of
one cosmonym to others.
KEYWORDS
Moon, sun, solar, cosmonym, phraseology, phraseological unit, Uzbek and German, astronomy, lunar, solarism,
moondial, romanticism, sarcasm, tragic.
INTRODUCTION
The so-called celestial bodies are considered very
important objects of linguistic study of the moon and
the sun and scientific concepts under study.
Cosmonyms are used in place of names in astronomy,
Research Article
COSMONYMS “MOON”, “SUN” AS LEXICOGRAPHICAL AND TEXTUAL
DESCRIPTIONS
Submission Date:
February 12, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 17, 2023,
Published Date:
February 22, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue02-07
Mamarasulov Akmal Mamatojievich
Fergana State University, Teacher Of German Language Chair, Uzbekistan
Yunusaliev Boburkhon Tulqinjon Ugli
Fergana State University, 2nd Year Student Of Master’s Degree English Linguistics Major
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
37
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
physics, linguistics and various literature. When we use
encyclopedic and a dictionary of terms related to
celestial bodies, we come across important
information about the diameter, mass, density,
volume, gravity of the sun, the period of rotation
around its axis, the speed of rotation at the equator,
temperature, etc. But these data allow terms to study
many aspects of compounds separately, such as:
•
False Sun (parhelion)
•
Active/disturbed Sun
•
Quiet/undisturbed Sun
•
The sun is visually visible
•
Scattered sunlight
•
Direct sunlight
•
Reflected sunlight
•
Bipolar solar spot
•
Sun spot on the tail
•
Solar sensor
and so on. All of the above terminological expressions
reflect our knowledge of the state and properties of
celestial bodies from the point of view of Natural
Science or the human contribution to the creation of
instruments for the study of these objects - they all
have direct correspondence in Uzbek and German.
Reflects progress in the field of scientific knowledge
and technology. In this field of use, we also face
hesitations that the words come from Latin “lune” and
“sol” which develop its derivatives[1]:
a) Moon, lunar, lunation, lunacy, lunatic, lunette;
b) Sun, solarization, solarism.
Thus, the knowledge obtained from natural sciences is
reflected in the vocabulary of the language, and
strengthens certain knowledge structures in the
structure and meanings of language units. Since
science provides many examples of the creation of
new words and phrases, language reveals this essence,
determined by the possibility of conceptual perception
of reality and objectification of this understanding.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Different nominative classes of words define different
structures of consciousness in nomination actions.
However, the process of objectification is important
for us, since it is important to repeat the unity of
language every time in a certain context of
communication (or in the activity of verbal thinking).
We simultaneously evoke in ourselves and in the
interlocutors various associations, images, pictures,
etc. The individual and collective process of speaking
allows these units to be transferred to new contexts
for them and helps to develop new associations and
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
38
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ideas, and therefore emotionally charged meanings. It
is this aspect that will be fundamental for us.
Thus, Uzbek and German languages have many models
borrowed from Latin. The number of derivations with
solar and lunar elements recorded in dictionaries
indicates the cultural significance of these cosmonyms
in English. The sun and the moon are measures of time
(a sundial is a device that shows the time of day
through the shadow of an indicator on a graduated
plate or a cylindrical surface; a moondial is a dial that
shows the hours of the night according to the moon),
directions (the sun by - in the direction of the apparent
daily movement of the sun, i.e. from left to right),
creates associations by shape and color: (sunbirds - any
many small brightly colored tropical birds; sunflower is
a tall garden plant with large golden light flowers;
sunfish - a large fish almost spherical in shape;
moonflower - a tropical plant with large fragrant white
flowers that blooms at night; moonstone - jewelry milk-
white stone used in making; moon - moon-shaped),
also has certain physical or psychological effects. A
person, in addition, is positive (sunken - describes a
person's pleasant appearance after exposure to the
sun; sunlight - attractive brown skin that appears when
you spend a lot of time in the sun, and negative,
harmful, harmful to health (sunstroke - a disease
caused by excessive exposure to the sun, especially on
the head; sunburn - redness and pain of the skin due to
spending a lot of time in the sun; moon beat - wild and
wandering in mind (as if due to the influence of the
moon); moon blind - suffering from the moon's eye;
blind sleeping under the moon's rays). Interestingly,
the derivatives of two cosmonyms often correspond to
each other in their structure.[2]
•
Sunny Moon
•
Sunlight Moonlight
•
Sunny moonlight
•
Sunstone is a moonstone
•
Sunflower moon flower
•
Sundog is a moon dog
•
Sunrise, moonrise
•
Without the sun, without the moon
•
Like the sun like the moon
•
The sun is the moon
•
Sunset Moonset
•
The sun struck the moon
However, they may have completely different
meanings, and the semantics of two structurally similar
derivations of solar and lunar cosonyms may not be
identical. For example, sundog is a naturalistic term for
“parhelion; a small almost circular halo above
a
parhelic circle", and moondog is certainly a common
language word meaning "watchdog"; or "sun"
meaning "happiness", "moonshine" and means
'foolish or idle talk or ideas; a foolish or impractical
comment, idea or plan; an illegally produced strong
alcoholic drink.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
39
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
RESULTS
All of the above allows us to conclude that derivation
can be considered as the first stage of transferring
knowledge structures to consciousness structures that
are new to them. This explains the possibility of more
complex metaphorical transfer of meanings and
creation of many phraseological turns. For example:
In Uzbek: gray-haired; pale as the moon; throughout
the month; how he got off the moon; find your place
under the sun.
In German: aim for the moon; cry for the moon; howl
at the moon; once a month; bowing/saluting the rising
sun; to be the sun in his eyes; meanings such as going
around the sun to meet the moon and others are
expressed.
There are many phraseologisms with the main
elements of "Sun": "Moon" in German and "Sun" in
Uzbek indicate their cultural importance and
emotional richness, which are fixed in the minds of
Uzbek and German speakers. The dictionaries provide
more than 20 stable combinations with each of the
German cosmonyms, as well as more than 40 proverbs
containing the studied cosmonyms.
At the same time, it is very interesting that most of the
recorded proverbs are connected with the space name
"Sun". In Uzbek, the phraseology is a bit wider (about
20 proverbs and constant combinations correspond to
each cosmonym), but the number of proverbs related
to the Sun exceeds the number of proverbs dedicated
to the moon. This, we believe, indicates that the sun is
accepted by the speakers of these languages as a
standard, majority parameter of measurement.
Spiritual and physical qualities of the objects of the
world around us. Wednesday "You can't go up from
the sun, you can't go down from the earth", "Truth is
brighter than the sun", "Falcon does not fly from the
sun". "The sun does not hurt an honest face", "The sun
that melts fat hardens clay."
The sun is known in the history and culture of peoples
as an object of worship, an example, something filled
with real and vital energy. Accordingly, if we consider
the lexical composition of stable combinations with
the cosmonym "sun", we come across highly stylistic
or lexical units (for example, worship/hail/adoration of
the rising sun; Do not let the sun rise on your anger;
Sunrise. God's blessing on the hot sun) or with
emotionally neutral lexical units (for example, going
around the sun to meet the moon; as ... as the sun
shines; in the morning the sun never lasts a day; with
the sun going out together). In general, what creates a
positive emotional mood, that is, such a set of lexical
units, exhibits positive meanings and values that are
reinforced in the minds of native speakers.
As for the phraseology of the cosmonym "Moon",
here, on the contrary, abbreviated or emotionally style-
oriented vocabulary is used (for example, cry for the
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
40
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
moon; shout at the moon / paint at the moon; do not
need dogs barking at the moon; to shoot the moon ),
which usually has a negative effect. assessment,
causing negative associations. Also, several stable
combinations with this cosmonym create a fantastic
context. Targeting/aligning the moon; jump over the
moon; once a month; the moon is made of green
cheese.
It is worth noting that certain phraseological
combinations have direct correspondences in German
and Uzbek:
den Mond anbellen - bark at the moon
ein Platz unter der Sonne - a place under the sun
In addition, these compounds are identical not only in
structure, but also in semantics. So, den Mond anbellen
/ bark at the moon means "wasting time and energy"
in both languages, "place under the sun" in German,
"place under the sun" in Uzbek. “A favor
ite process
that enables development; a share of what one has a
natural right to”. However, in general, the transition
from the field of special scientific knowledge to the
field of universal human values and cultural-historical
assessments is not characterized by the size of the
form.
DISCUSSION
There is a basic content that can be observed in the
field of scientific knowledge about the sun and the
moon. The main concept remains in the division of the
meaning of positive and negative evaluations.
Another object of research can be called textual. The
semiotic function of cosmonyms chosen by us in the
context of individual authorial use is especially evident
in the example of their activity in an artistic work.
For lighting in the artwork F.S. In Fitzgerald’s
novel,
The Great Gatsby, we observe the use of cosmonyms
of our choice. In the pages of the novel, there were 8
uses of the cosmonym "Sun" (and its derivatives) and
the cosmonym "Moon" (and its derivatives). Of course,
the sun and the moon are not the leading artistic
images of the novel, but these cosmonyms were
chosen by the author as associative saturated
elements of the language to create a unique emotional
atmosphere of the work.
The image of the moon constantly accompanies the
main character - Jay. The moon shines only on the hero
and his belongings in the novel.
We think that the image of the moon helps the author
express three ideas related to the main character of
the novel:
a) romanticism, the unattainability of dreams;
b) sarcasm, negative assessment;
c) the tragic end of the hero, death, inability to live.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
41
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
P
AGES
:
36-41
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Now let's take a closer look at each of the above. State
the ideas and illustrate them with examples from the
text that we think support our conclusions.
Jay Gatsby is very different from those around him. He
is a romantic dreamer-idealist, dissatisfied with the
wealth he has acquired, not as in the prose of his life,
striving for something else, despite the intense pace of
work and external brightness, he is so monotonous
and dull. He is an outsider in the society of rich
playboys, in the atmosphere of splendor and luxury of
the "Jazz Age". A foreigner, because he rose to the top
of material success and stayed true to his youthful
dream. He lives with the hope of doing the impossible
- returning the past, repeating it, reshaping it in a new
form. (Compare the German expression for wishing on
the moon). His whole being is imbued with this
unattainable dream, and because of this, he and
everything
around
him
are
slightly
unreal,
distinguished by the light of the mysterious and distant
moon. At the end of the novel, the hero dies.
Therefore, in our opinion, the author uses "moonlight"
and "moon context" to prepare the reader for the
tragic end of the main character.
Cosmonym "Sun" and its derivatives are used less
often in the novel, probably because this cosmonym no
longer accompanies the hero of the work. However, it
is not emotionally and associatively saturated. In the
minds of German speakers, the sun is a symbol of
vitality and joy. Sunshine means something cheerful
and pleasant, beautiful and warm. Therefore, suitable
combinations: cheerful sun, shining sun (shining means
"warm color or (picture) showing enthusiasm), hot sun
(hot - 1) hot, bright; 2) show warmth of feelings;
passionate).
CONCLUSION
To conclude, we can see that the cosmonyms "Sun"
and "Moon" are very important in the culture of both
nations. In the German and Uzbek languages, these
cosmic words are close to each other in meaning. We
witness that in the minds of German and Uzbek
speakers, they give them certain images, expressions,
evaluations and associations.
REFERENCES
1.
https://www.dwds.de/wb/Sonne#etymwb-1
2.
G.
Drosdowski
DUDEN-
Deutsches
Universalwörterbuch. Mannheim, 1989. - 1465
c.
3.
А.Мадвалиев
та
ҳ
рири
остида
.
Ўзбек
тилининг
изо
ҳ
ли
лу
ғ
ати
Тошкент
нашри
-81
б
.
4.
ogli Melikuziev, A. L. (2022). HISTORICAL AND
MODERN
CLASSIFICATION
OF
PARALINGUISTICS.
Academicia
Globe:
Inderscience Research, 3(10), 126-128.
