Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
25
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
25-32
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, by researching the works of George Orwell in a comparative-typological direction, specific updates in
national prose in the late 20th - early 21st centuries and the integration of Uzbek literature into the world culture, as
well as the problem of history and philosophical-social idealism in time and space, research in terms of national
thinking.
KEYWORDS
Works, comparative-typological direction, scientific research, national thought, determining the spiritual and
educational significance of works.
INTRODUCTION
In the works of Orwell and M.M. Dost, the topic of war,
the complications it left behind, and the losses caused
by it, are given a lot of space. The fate of the characters
is connected with the war or the politics of the
Communist Party, which is observed in all their works.
The irreparable wound left in the human heart due to
Research Article
THE INFLUENCE OF GEORGE ORWELL'S SOPHISTICATED STYLE ON
WORLD AND UZBEK LITERATURE
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue01-06
Shakhlo Sh. Kurbonova
Lecturer, Tashkent State University Of Law Independent Researcher Of Termiz State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
26
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
25-32
SJIF
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(2022:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the war, the suppression of human freedom by the
totalitarian ideology, and the violation of human rights
are shown in various situations. Wars are usually
fought either for the homeland or for other people's
wealth, territory, wealth. As early as 1931, Orwell
predicted the danger of war, and by 1936, he said that
war was inevitable. "It was a strange war. When the
first shots were fired in 1936, all anti-fascists in Europe
breathed a sigh of hope. Finally, there was a country
that was at war with fascism. The Japanese ruled
Manchuria, Hitler exterminated his opponents in
Germany, and Mussolini bombed the Abyssinians. But
when Franco's coup against the moderate left-wing
government in Spain began, the world was shaken.
Moreover, the war against Franco became almost a
revolution. The people rose up both for freedom from
him and against the capitalism of the legal government
that protected him from Franco. The world in Spain is
not divided into two - into four
1
. Political unrest led to
the outbreak of war. As mentioned above, many
countries of the world are on fire, people's lives have
been destroyed, and many innocent people, young
people and minors have died. Orwell's predictions
were confirmed in practice, but the writer resisted the
war as much as possible, and showed the tragedies
caused by the war in his works. This was the first action
1
Vyacheslav Nedoshivin. Rossiyskaya gazeta - Federal, 2013.
No. 135 (6111)
2 Низомова М.Б. Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида педагогикага оид
терминларнинг структур-семантик хусусиятлари ва таржима
on the eve of the next World War II. The movement
soon spread throughout the world
2
.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
World War II also brought together volunteers from all
over the world: intellectuals, artists, philosophers. In
the trenches of bloody battles, patriotic writers like
Exupéry and M. Sholokhov fought side by side for the
will of humanity. Among them was J. Orwell. He saw all
the horrors of war with his own eyes, he bitterly cursed
those who wanted to rule. Any creator is, first of all, a
child of his time, just as the poet said, "Where would I
go, beyond my age" (A. Oripov). At the time when
Orwell was living, the British Empire was breaking
away from its colonies one by one and losing its
position of dominance in the world day by day. Adib
understood the situation in the country very well, and
the reasons for this are unique. Firstly, his ancestors
were Indian missionaries, secondly, his profession was
a journalist, and finally, thirdly, he was a writer and
studied at the famous Ketono Institute of Education,
where more than 50 ministers came from.
At a time when Great Britain's foreign and domestic
policy mistakes were causing the country to lose its
former dominance in the world, it was necessary to
муаммолари: Филол. фан. д-ри. … дисс. автореф. – Термиз: 2022.
– 40 б.
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
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SJIF
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Publisher:
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Servi
reconsider the national idea and mission. These issues
were directly discussed in journalism, and Orwell,
Priestley, Auden and MacNeice were leaders in these
debates. It is natural that this problem is indirectly
reflected in the fiction of that time. In the works of
Huxley, Greene, Powell, Isherwood, Orwell, and
Waugh Lewis, one can see the artistic interpretation of
the same problem. At the time when the red empire
began to stand up in the USSR and exert its influence
on the world, England, Italy and a number of other
Western countries were in turmoil. The timeliness of
Orwell's work made other writers interested in his
work. This reason has two bases, both negative and
positive. The negative side is that the working people
in Europe believed in equal and free life in the USSR, or
rather were convinced, and some artists who were
supporters of the same profession found Orwell's
works to be ideologically wrong.
One of the problems facing fiction and the state was
the reconstruction of public consciousness, how to
behave in a precarious situation, and how to react to
news. It is a historical fact that socialist ideas have
influenced Western
countries. Remember M.
Bulgakov's "Seeds of Fortune". Orwell was able to see
the truth and show the world the secret and details of
the terrible crimes described in the story, in a situation
where even those outside the farm began to recognize
the cruelty of life, as shown in "The Barn". This is the
reason why his books are not published even in
England and America for a certain period.
In the typology of English prose of the thirties, there is
an exchange relationship between genres, an internal
balance. The cross-genre typologies of essays,
travelogues, autobiography, biography, and novel
characteristic of English literature showed that the
genres developed under the influence of the general
spiritual and intellectual climate of the period, which in
the thirties was about traditional European liberalism,
humanist values, and the danger of the onset of
totalitarianism. closely related to deep thinking
processes. In English literature, classical genres gave
way to new literary forms and ideas. At the same time,
Uzbek literature, or rather our national literature of the
30s, took a completely new path. Classical literary
genres were replaced by completely different forms.
The appearance of the dramatic genre, the reflection
of the most important socio-political problems in the
novel genre, didactic, intimate, religious literature was
replaced by modern literature, and fiction literature
was reformed both in terms of form and content. The
occurrence of this phenomenon certainly has certain
internal and external reasons. Based on the above, it
can be concluded that the main reason for the change
in the form and content of English and Uzbek literature
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
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VOLUME
03
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SJIF
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
is related to the socio-political system and the ruling
ideology
3
.
It is recognized in world literary studies that Orwell's
work influenced many representatives of world
literature, that the views, ideas, and methods of
depiction he put forward inspired writers of different
nationalities. H. Norburn, W. Lamberts, R. Bradbury, C.
Vonnegut, T. (USA); Lynchon, I. Vaughn, K. Fitzgibbon,
L. Hartley, K. Segal, E. Vergess, A. and T. Clarkov, in
England, M. Kunder (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland)
T. Konwicki (Hungary); D. Dalos, B. The influence of J.
Orwell is clearly felt in the work of Pekić (Yugoslavia).
In addition, among the representatives of various
spheres of cultural and social life (animators, film and
television cinematographers, artists, musicians,
historians,
psychologists,
political
scientists,
sociologists, cultural scientists), there are many works
dedicated to J. Orwell's works that arouse great
interest. Also, the writer's works were studied by
philosophers, literary experts, linguists, critics, and
writers, while translators translated the writer's works
of various genres into 65 languages of the world. All
this is the basis for determining the place of Orwell's
work in world literature, which once again proves that
his works are widely popular.
3
Низомова М.Б. Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида педагогикага оид
терминларнинг структур-семантик хусусиятлари ва таржима
J. Orwell's works became popular in the West in the
40s of the last century, but in the former USSR, despite
the pressure and persecution, they began to spread
secretly among the free-thinking intelligentsia only
after the 80s of the 20th century. In our country, J.
Orwell's work spread only after independence, more
precisely, only in the 20s of the new century. Thanks to
the hard work of the translator Karim Bahriev, the
author's novel "1984" and the short story "Molkhana"
were published in Uzbek language for the first time in
book form. For nearly 80 years since the creation of
these works, our nation has remained ignorant of
these masterpieces of artistic words related to its past
and destiny.
These works, which were repressed by accusations of
being an enemy of the Soviet government, an
opposition writer, and anti-party, synthesize such
disciplines as philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, religion,
science, and politics, which increase the intellectual
and political potential of a person. Orwell's works,
created in the field of science, play an important role in
building a free civil society and educating the young
generation in the spirit of national ideology.
As we noted at the beginning of this chapter, when we
observe literary streams that are not genetically
related, but are similar (close or common) in a certain
муаммолари: Филол. фан. д-ри. … дисс. автореф. – Термиз:
2022. – 40 б.
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Servi
theme, idea, image, genre, metaphor, the multi-
layered image paths characteristic of J. Orwell's
complex style are also visible in the examples of Uzbek
national literature.
For example, Aman Mukhtar's works such as "Man in
front of the mirror", "Thousand faces", "Plato", "Fuu",
"Ruins on the hill" are characterized by a tendency to
multi-layered images, a desire for philosophy, a
harmonious description of the past, present and
future. If the methods of moving space and time into
the thoughts of the hero are felt, Khurshid
Dostmuhammad's novels "Bazar" and "The Wise
Sisyphus", stories such as "Nigoh", "Panoh",
"Oromkursi", "Chayangul" and the story of "Jajman"
mythologize events. and artistic synthesis in
connection with metaphors is noticeable. One of the
main principles in the writer's work is the
strengthening of the dynamics of the drama of the plot
and the wrapping of the philosophical concept in
symbolism, in the synthesis of social satires and various
legends, and the problems of Islamic spirituality are
expressed in a symbolic and metaphorical form. This
reminds us of the qualities of George Orwell's
sophisticated style.
Symbolism and figurativeness are the most used
method in Nazar Eshanqul's works "Gorogli",
"Momogoshiq", "Shamalni tipiplamdi", "Coffin", "Man
led by a monkey". The writer describes his socio-
philosophical and moral views in harmony with the
worldview and destiny of the characters. In this sense,
the works of N. Eshanqul can be included in the series
of non-traditional works.
In Ulugbek Hamdam's novels "Balance", "Rebellion
and Obedience", "Sabo and Samandar" divine truths,
Islamic values are depicted from the perspective of
socio-philosophical and moral content of the times and
bitter realities of the hero. In this sense, it can be
observed that the world literature was an artistic
synthesis in the work of the writer. The writer's fierce
reaction to aggression against human will, surrounded
by symbolism and metaphor, reminds of the spirit and
style of J. Orwell's works, a rebellious spirit against
injustice and injustice.
People's writer of Uzbekistan Erkin Azam's works such
as "Anoyi's apple", "Father's birthday", "Poet's
wedding", "Days other than the holiday", "Guli-Guli",
"Shovkin", "The land of hats and hats" refer to our
national way of life. Looking through the eyes of the
heroes, social satire is the priority. E.Azam pays special
attention to the variety of characters and the image of
the psyche, portrays the changing image of the social
and moral problems of the era through the fate of the
heroes, and inculcates the main ideas in their minds,
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
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VOLUME
03
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actions, character and worldview. In a word, E. Azam's
work has a very strong ironic attitude to reality
4
.
Shoyim Botaev, another modern Uzbek writer,
describes the tragedies of the era and personality, the
tyranny and authoritarian regime, and ideological
pressures through the fate of the characters in his
stories "Sunflower Garden", "Old Carriage", "People
Left from Shura", "One Day Guest". describes the
heinous consequences of the totalitarian regime,
which has created a psychology of muteness in the
minds of our people. From this point of view, the works
of Sh. Botaev are essentially close to the works of M.
Bulgakov and J. Orwell.
In the 70s and 80s of the last century, serious changes
took place in our national artistic thinking. This is
especially evident in the work of Sh.Kholmirzaev,
O.Mukhtar, M.M.Dost, A.Azam, E.Azam. In this
generation, especially the writing style of M.M.Dost's
works. it is distinguished by its philosophical essence,
world of images, social irony, density of thoughts.
M.M. Dost is one of the leading writers known for the
story "Sovchilik Hangoma", the short stories "Iste'fo",
"Mustafa", and the novel "Lolazor". In his works,
problems such as the national spirit and evolutions in
the human heart, era and man, environment and
spirituality, politics and people's life are covered in
4
Sheralieva M. Irony in current Uzbek prose.-T.:
Akademnashr, 2016. p. 220.
detail. One of the distinctive features of the writer's
works is that his heroes move from one work to
another, people and characters whom he knows
closely.
The event in the story "Sovchilik hangoma" takes place
in the place where he was born and raised, as in other
works of the writer
5
. A movie was made based on this
story and it is still one of the favorite movies of our
people. Of course, there is a slight difference between
the story and the movie script.In the works of M.M.
Dost, social irony, symbols and metaphors, multi-
layered images prevail, and the author expresses his
philosophical concept in the language of characters. It
should be noted that the language and style of the
writer's works are somewhat complicated. The
expression of the ideological goal put forward in the
work in concise sentences, the absorption of thoughts
that are the result of logical thinking into a simple
action, detail or a sentence of the hero, requires the
reader to think. Under the words of the writer, who are
simple in nature or are spoken by the characters who
are like the people around us, there is a bitter truth
hidden at first glance, a conclusion from life
experience, a wisdom equivalent to a story. To be able
to read such works, which are rich in irony and
metaphor, the reader must have a certain preparation.
5
M.M. Dost. Sovchilik hangoma // Youth magazine, 1984. No.
12. 18-21 p.
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The story of "Mustafa" is about the language of
humanity, kindness in Uzbek kinship, the attitude of
the village people, and "Resignation" is about the debt
and duty of an official to the country, and about people
who have forgotten this responsibility and faced a
mental crisis. done In the language of the heroes of the
play, folk tone, expressions, sayings, proverbs,
proverbs unique to the Uzbek people reveal their
character, and at the same time, they acquire
metaphors for the thoughts they want to express.
6
The artistic skill of the writer is that he speaks
figuratively in the style of colloquial speech. Such
works are easy to read, but it is difficult to digest and
immediately understand the ideas hidden in the
ambiguous text.
The novel "Lolazor" is a serious phenomenon of the
new Uzbek literature that is coming to an end, and it is
an important stage in the development of our national
novel. This work has proved the possibilities of thinking
typical of the novel - the variety of images and
interpretations, the approach to the human being, and
the limitless ways of re-discovering it artistically" -
evaluates literary critic Rahmon Kochqor in his
afterword written at the end of the work
7
.
CONCLUSION
6
M.M. Dost. Tales of Galatepa. T.: Young Guard, 1985. 192 p.
It can be said that if J. Orwell is the bond that connects
J. Swift and Kafka, the work of M. M. Dost is the bridge
that connects the period before and after
independence. He, like an English writer, exposes the
reality of the times, the essence of the social-stoic
system, the evil purpose of the totalitarian ideology,
and the complications in the people's psyche left by
the era of autocracy in a way of irony and metaphor.
Where the divine standards are violated, everything
goes wrong, the human spirit becomes stained, the
person declines, and the state falls into crisis.
REFERENCES
1.
Kochkor R. An anecdote from Iskandar Daro. /
M.M. Dost. Lolazor. T.: Sharq, 1998. p. 559.
2.
M.M. Dost. Sovchilik hangoma // Youth magazine,
1984. No. 12. 18-21 p.
3.
M.M. Dost. Tales of Galatepa. T.: Young Guard,
1985. 192 p
4.
Sheralieva M. Irony in current Uzbek prose.-T.:
Akademnashr, 2016. p. 220.
5.
Vyacheslav Nedoshivin. Rossiyskaya gazeta -
Federal, 2013. No. 135 (6111)
6.
Низомова М.Б. Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида
педагогикага оид терминларнинг структур
-
семантик
хусусиятлари
ва
таржима
7
Kochkor R. An anecdote from Iskandar Daro. / M.M. Dost.
Lolazor. T.: Sharq, 1998. p. 559.
