Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
127
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
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11
P
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:
127-133
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The history of the creation, pedagogical significance, methodological developments of computer linguistics are
presented in this article. The role of computer linguistics in the process of globalization is revealed. Development of
word input, analysis, analysis and other programs in computer linguistics. Information about human translation and
machine translation is given.
KEYWORDS
Linguistics, computer, translation, information, technology, texts, platforms, programs, machine translation, human
translation.
INTRODUCTION
In the current modern world, the importance of
communication and information is very great and
significant, it is undoubtedly known to everyone that
various spheres of public life are today under the direct
influence of the information world. At the same time,
Research Article
THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF TEACHING COMPUTER LINGUISTICS IN
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL, METHODOLOGICAL LITERATURE
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2022,
Published Date:
November 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-18
Ozod Mamirov
Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical University Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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VOLUME
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127-133
SJIF
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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Servi
computer technology plays an important role in
achieving the goals of the new era.
THE MAIN OF RESULT
Penetrated into all aspects of our life. In the conditions
of globalization, there are certain difficulties
associated with the difference between machine
language and human language, in addition, the existing
characteristic features of human language are
increasingly demanding to solve this problem.
Therefore, Computational Linguistics and translation
linguistics are the most important. Computational
linguistics is an effective interdisciplinary relationship
in linguistics, computer technology, and mathematics.
Because in computer linguistics it is impossible to run
programs without mathematical operations and
commands. It is the branch of Applied Linguistics that
deals with the computational aspects of language
processing. The field of its study is the dual essence of
language, represented by speech and text. Its other
areas are classified as follows: language engineering,
artificial intelligence, translation of texts from one
language to another through machine translation,
Information Technology, Communication Technology,
search engine design, obtaining information from a
large amount of text. Finding answers to various
questions in the largest language database or on the
Internet, processing text and speech, machine
reception of voice commands and their detailed
execution, converting text into speech, and vice versa,
reviewing the content of texts, developing a database.
The range of related disciplines covers issues
related to the human language in general, the
psychology of the human mind and artificial computer
intelligence. In this regard, in various educational
systems, this science sometimes belongs to the
subgroup of linguistics, and sometimes computer
engineering and mathematics. In our time, where it is
possible to record and transmit sound through various
electronic devices, such as telephone, radio, etc.,
language has become the object of research by
another group of specialists called Communication
Engineering. With the development of computer
technology, natural language research has undergone
tremendous changes. To date, a program for checking
spelling errors and grammatical corrections, obtaining
information
from
documents
and
databases,
translating from one natural language to another, etc.
sold in millions of copies worldwide. However,
programs that do not yet have artificial intelligence are
still valid. Not all programs can change one language to
another.
One of the best subcategories of computational
linguistics is the development of software tools for
correct
language
recognition
and
automatic
translation in natural language and a powerful tool for
achieving excellence in comprehensive human-
machine communication. That is why teaching
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
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127-133
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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Servi
computer linguistics by means of a perception map is a
much more effective method. Until now, it has been
almost 50 years since computer linguistics was created,
but this problem has not been completely resolved.
But even before that, there was a need to use
methods for determining the language of most
peoples in order to gain knowledge of each other, that
is, we are talking about a universal language. For
example, in the Middle Ages, all important issues at the
international level were expressed in Latin, and
therefore the universal language was the dream of
many. For Humanity, which has been looking for a
solution to the problem of communication, more than
600 programs have now been presented. In historical
linguistics, the spread of this language is clearly visible
on the entire ancient continent. For example, during
the Mongol rule and until that time, the language was
the official language of the Indian state. This language,
thanks to its rich vocabulary and pleasant expressions,
has gained many fans among the nobility and the
common people, although at first glance it entered
India as the language of rulers, but for centuries it was
unique due to its oratory skills. Sincerely accepted by
millions of people. It is well known that it is common in
Tajikistan, Afghanistan and some other regions of
Central Asia. The importance of studying the
application of Computational Linguistics in texts in the
Uzbek language really indicates the need to expand
cognitive opportunities in the Uzbek-speaking society,
as well as transfer knowledge to the Uzbek language
through other languages. At the moment, the
knowledge gained as a result of research by scientists
in various fields is being disseminated through internet
networks in different languages. In the current period,
basic scientific information is usually recorded in
English and in Russian scientific databases, and its
release for users in other languages is associated with
many difficulties. This study shows how successful the
computer device is in the field of transferring data from
other languages to Uzbek and vice versa, translating
words and text, converting audio and video
information, as well as the Uzbek language.
On the other hand, we can say that the growing
expansion of electronic platforms has created a new
environment in all areas of the life of the new
generation. At the same time, language as a social
institution, influenced by a new approach and became
the main text-oriented medium in digital media such as
mobile phones, websites or personal computers. For
example, on new platforms, it is possible to record the
electronic education system using new tools that have
established themselves as an educational field in the
field of linguistic computer applications. Although
learning Uzbek through electronic platforms is not
very acceptable due to the peculiarities associated
with Uzbek writing or the necessary platforms, but it
can be said that most of the world's language teaching
methods range from the creation of magnetic audio
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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Servi
cassettes to the emergence of digital memory and
compact discs aimed at using audio and visual teaching
tools to improve the In addition, the volume and
duration of data storage is larger. The main reason for
the significant failure of the electronic teaching system
of the Uzbek language is the peculiarities of writing
and grammar, which left the equations of teaching the
Uzbek language on digital platforms ineffective and
prevented the expansion of the industry in relation to
other languages.
From the scientific literature it can be seen that since
the beginning of the 50s, in the XX century, serious
efforts have been made to apply computers for the
processing of natural languages. These efforts were
more focused on machine translation, and due to the
political situation of that time, that is, the era of
confrontation between superpowers, they focused on
translating from Russian into English to develop means
of confrontation during the Cold War. The main
linguistic aspect in the field of computational linguistics
is associated with the growth and development of the
branches of mathematics and engineering, machine
translation from one language to another, information
theory, radio communication, etc. Such areas are
currently developing and improving, and also have a
very bright future. On this basis, this question concerns
the new side of computer technology, which covers
the needs of solving its problems in many issues of
computerization and automation. Approximate
solution of issues in linguistics. In recent years, many
new scientific and technical questions have appeared
regarding the language, automatic translation of
scientific literature, information storage, coding, etc .
Russian scientist Ya.V. In his work, Loya notes: "the
idea of a car translated from language for the first time
was used by the Soviet technician-inventor P.P. It was
put forward by Smirnov-Troyansky and in 1933 created
the first mechanized dictionary. In 1946, the idea of
machine translation was invented by the American
linguist A. Developed by Uiver. Machine translation
experiments have been conducted since 1954. In the
US, using the IBM - 701 electronic computing machine,
the first translations of technical texts based on 250
words from Russian to English were carried out.
Machine translation techniques use part of the
results of systematic analysis and statistical research in
the frequency of use of structural elements of the
language and their distribution. In 1946, K.H.V. Idol and
V. For the first time, Weaver formulated the concept of
machine translation. V.Weiver laid its development on
the basis of methods for opening enemy messages in
World War II. But he created a machine that turns
words from one language to another . But the work of
the Idol did not pay attention to either grammar or
word order. Booth's machine translation actually
translated important words of text or keywords into
another language, and understanding and interpreting
the text left it to the user. In 1948, the English
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R.Richens (Richard Richens) came up with an
automatic analysis of words, which was a literal
translation .
In 1949 V. As Weaver developed the work of
Booth and Richens, he studied the interweaving of the
infrastructure of languages and came to the conclusion
that the semantic and logical similarity of languages
depends on the characteristics of the human brain.
common to all people. V. What wiver finally
contributed to the work of Booth and Richens were
proposals to eliminate semantic uncertainty.
In 1950, Reifler checked machine translation using
man. According to him, the text was first translated,
and then edited on the machine. That is, in other
words, the translation should have had one pre-editing
and one post-editing.
In 1952, The Rockefeller Foundation allocated
significant funds for machine translation to the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) at the
first limited Conference of linguists and machine
translators. The members of this conference agreed
that the study would be carried out in two stages: the
first was the study of the frequency of words, the
search for their equivalents, methods for using
computer memory and other technical aspects of
machine vocabulary; the second stage was associated
with the method of analysis.
From 1952 to 1955, American scientists studied the
volume of computer memory, the automatic
determination of the meaning of words and the
method of analyzing words. In 1954, two academic
linguists from Georgetown university3 succeeded in
translating from Russian into English. They presented
an example of a machine translation system with a
dictionary of 250 units and 6 grammar rules. In the
same year, MIT (MIT) published Machine Translation
magazine.
In 1956, the first international meeting on
“machine translation systems” was held with the
participation of English, Canadian, American and
Russian specialists. At that time, the United States,
England and the Soviet Union were the main countries
where research on machine translation was carried
out, but it was also carried out in Italy and Scandinavia.
1. Pre-edit
2 Post-editing
3 George Town
During these years, researchers were now
engaged in the regulation and centralization of
individual studies carried out in different regions of the
world, not trying to prove that machine translation can
be fully achieved.
In 1958, twelve groups worked on research on
machine translation in the USA: a Russian-English
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Dictionary of machine translation is being created at
Harvard University; "Noam Chomsky" (N.Chomski)
conducted research on syntactic structures in" MIT "
(MIT). At Georgetown University, the issues of syntax
and semantics of the Russian language were studied,
while at the University of Michigan they tried to get the
rules of Russian grammar and solve the problems of
polysemy. At the University "Seattle" also developed a
system of machine translation from Russian into
German.
In Los Angeles and California, scientists conducted
scientific research on the issues of the cognitive
method of machine translation, and more emphasis
was placed on machine translation. Translation from
English into Russian in England, a detailed study was
carried out on the cognitive method of machine
translation, one of the most important tasks of
researchers in this country was the cooperation of
computer specialists and linguists. They put a lot of
effort into transforming linguistics into a small science
of Computer Science, and therefore they were
deceived using mathematical methods. Since the 50s
of the last century, with the publication of the work of
Noam Khomsky, analysis began regardless of meaning,
but " J. Katz " (C.Katz) “ " J. Fodor (J. Fodor) (1963) and
Pi. Em. Mail (1964) introduced semantics into the field
of machine translation. At the next stage, the use of
scientific achievements in the field of language
processing was also studied (25,43).
As for the Uzbek language, studies in
Computational Linguistics dealt with the problems
existing between Uzbek grammar and electronic
instruments and paid less attention to the basic
principle of Computational Linguistics. Most of the
scientists
who
conducted
research
on
the
computational linguistics of the Uzbek language were
actually users of the research results of this science,
adapting it to Uzbek grammar.
One of the leaders in the study of this area in Iran can
be called Professor of the Iranian Research Institute of
Humanities, Dr. Mustafa Asiy. He led the most effective
research work on the application of Computational
Linguistics in various fields of Uzbek linguistics in the
form of scientific projects, or doctoral and
undergraduate dissertations conducted research on
the processing of the Uzbek language on a computer
at four phonetic levels, on word structure, syntax and
semantics. He revealed the interdisciplinary and
practical dependence of the Uzbek language on
computer processing in research. Many articles on this
have also been issued. Among them, scientists from
the University of Tehran also provided information
about the Uzbek-English Comparative Corps, the
Anglo-Tsarist parallel Corps, the Uzbek-English parallel
Corps. Tehran, telefon farsnet, Uzbek NET, Uzbek text
Corps are also available.
CONCLUSION
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In place of the conclusion, it can be said that any
science education, no matter the areas, it is difficult to
imagine them without literature. Therefore, the role of
computer linguistics in showing the fields and
possibilities of linguistics is incomparable. This includes
not only linguistics, but also computer technology.
Methods for analyzing both the vocabulary content of
each language can also be studied in computer
linguistics.
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