Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
82
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
P
AGES
:
82-87
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article describes the emergence of postmodernism in world literature, its stages of development, its formation
as a separate trend from modernism, and its current state on the basis of various literary approaches.
KEYWORDS
World literature, postmodernism, modernism, trends, literary approaches.
INTRODUCTION
First of all, we should emphasize that postmodern
literature and postmodernism in general as a full-
fledged movement are concepts that are difficult to
explain with specific words. The 20th century, as the
most powerful century in human history, presented
them not only with two world wars, the peak of
scientific achievements, absolute changes in human
psychology, but also with two global trends such as
modernism and postmodernism. The current of
modernism, which made a sharp turn in literature, not
only rejected the traditional forms and styles of fiction,
but also encouraged to understand the deep
Research Article
IDEAS OF POSTMODERNISM IN THE LITERATURE OF THE XXI CENTURY
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2022,
Published Date:
November 29, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11
Ruzieva Saodat Hasanovna
Bsmi, Teacher Of English Language Department, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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OCLC
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1121105677
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Publisher:
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Servi
psychological processes in a person by penetrating
into the mind of the character of the work. And
postmodernism managed to bring the artistic textual
features of literature, which have been formed and
interpreted differently in different periods, to the
scene of an unimaginable level of revolution.
Mature scholars of the world of literature have not yet
been able to come to a conclusion about the specific
features, scope and importance of postmodernism. In
this work, the conclusions of world scientists on
postmodernism based on different approaches serve
as the most important sources for the interpretation of
this movement. Based on their conclusions, we should
emphasize that before defining postmodernism as a
philosophical and literary movement, we should first
analyze it more deeply on the basis of its emergence -
the state of postmodern times. Postmodernism in its
original state is neither a philosophical nor a literary
movement. The well-known French scientist Jean-
Francois Lyotard describes the state of science in
societies that have reached the peak of development
as the postmodern state [23, 3]. Like all currents, the
emergence, rise and fall of postmodernism are not
defined by exact dates. Some critics sometimes point
to the beginning of postmodernism as a "rough
border" with the deaths of Irish writer James Joyce and
English writer Virginia Woolf in 1941, vacating the
literary scene. Another group of literary scholars argue
that the starting point of postmodern literature can be
determined by the rise of important publications or
literary events. We saw the first publication of John
Hawkes' Cannibal and Alan Ginsberg's The Cry in 1949,
the first staged performances of Waiting for Godot and
Naked Lunch in 1953, and Jacques Derrida's Structure,
Sign and Death in 1966. yin" or later in 1971, the
Egyptian-American literary critic and writer Ihab Hasan
presented a two-pillar scheme in "The Disintegration of
Orpheus" that allowed us to further distinguish
postmodernism from modernism. We can show as a
proof of our word that the flow of postmodernism
entered the scene of world literature as a literary flow.
If we look at the history of the term postmodernism,
we will come across information that the term
postmodern, which is its basis, was used for the first
time in 1926. In her bibliographic work, "A Bibliography
of Postmodernism: 1926-1994," Deborah Medson
points out that the term postmodernism was used
more than 20 years before it was recorded in the
Oxford English Dictionary. In some sources, we can
see the ideas of postmodernism. Chapman proposes a
postmodern style in art in order to move away from
French impressionism. J.M. Thompson, in a 1914 article
published in Gibbert's Philosophical Review, uses the
term "Post-Modernism" to describe changes in
attitudes and views of criticism of religion. The
compound "post", which is the main part of
postmodernism, was used for the first time as a
starting point of the "postalization" process in the
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
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82-87
SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
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5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1880s as part of the terms "Post-Impressionism" and
"post-industrial" between 1914-1922, and in the 1960s
led to the development of literature, social ideas,
economics and even religion (for example, Post-
Christianity) in a "post" form. We can shed some light
on the factors that led to the development of various
industries in the "post" form and the transition of
development to the "postalization" process. Scientists
put forward the opinion that "the negative mood after
a very strong and significant creative flow
(Modernism)" or a way to get out of the negative
ideological environment caused by this negative mood
is the current of postmodernism.
A lot of people emphasize that in order to understand
postmodernism and to fully understand its essence, it
is necessary to analyze modernism sufficiently, to
study the history of its development as a literary
movement in depth. Although at first glance the term
postmodernism seems to be a special continuation of
modernism,
it
is
appropriate
to
interpret
postmodernism as a separate and deeply independent
trend, taking into account the fact that there are more
differences than similarities between them. At this
point, we will be able to go deeper into its artistic
features by listing the different aspects of
postmodernism from modernism. It is safe to say that
the sharp political, social and economic changes at the
end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
century confused the people of that time. As a result,
people were offered only a few ways to live life.
American modernist writer William Faulkner's work
"The Noise and the Fury" can be a great proof of our
above opinion. The heroes of modern times emdiv
three categories of the same age: like Quentin, they
escape from life's bargains by taking their own lives,
like Jacob, they worship money only after possessions,
or like Benjamin, they make a fool of themselves in this
way. overcome life. The postmodern hero is not like
any of the above. He is quite perfect, his perfection is
that he is immune to all external and internal forces. As
a proof of these words, we present the story of the
appointment of Noah as God's representative on earth
in the work of the English writer Julian Barnes, "The
History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters", a passenger
without a ticket.
- We can cite the Wood Worm as an example.
Professor of Boston University David W. Scott in his
2011 lecture "On Postmodernism" argued that the
reason for the development of postmodernism as a
"post" i.e. "state after modernity" is its criticism and
rejection of the ideas and aspects of "modernity".
states that he found the opposite [2, 3]. The scientist
points out that in order to understand postmodernism,
we need to pay attention to how postmodernism
rejects the literary aspects of modernism, in what way
it encourages understanding of the world, and what it
encompasses more. In his opinion, postmodernism
rejects historical progress and emphasizes the
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
importance of the idea that history is progressing for
modernism. Postmodernism rejects this idea mainly
because it is "metanarrative", that is, based on
someone else's story. In our opinion, here the author
emphasizes that postmodern writers are based on the
concept that there is no truth in history based on
people's stories. Also, postmodernists reject the
optimism of modernists towards people. Of course,
postmodernists do not put forward the strong idea
that all people are bad, but they describe the human
attempts to dominate and satisfy other desires as the
characteristics of their imperfection and describe it as
an undeniable truth. And again, they emphasize that
the claims of modernists that people can achieve
perfection are inappropriate and that it is extremely
dangerous to portray them as perfect. While
modernists tend to use symbolism as a symbolic
association to fully understand the essence of values,
postmodernists seek refuge from Dadaism by publicly
demonstrating the absence of meaning in a
meaningless world [1, 32]. Modernists use the power
of art and literature to advance their hierarchical goals,
postmodernists, who have achieved the totality of
knowledge, use the opportunity given to them, and are
inclined to a stronger anarchy. It is more important for
them to feel free to reject a lot of unjustified views and
currents than to admit something and live by it.
In conclusion, we can say that the reasons for the
emergence of postmodernism and the stages of its
development emphasize the need to consider it as a
separate movement. In their writings, modernists
recognized that disturbances in human psychology
have caused mass and rapid changes in all aspects of
life, whether positive or negative, and that people can
overcome these changes by developing these
characteristics. 'stated that postmodern writers have
learned that their postmodern characters have learned
the difference between fact and fiction, and now
accept or believe them to be true in history books or
other books designed to present 'universal truths'.
they cannot convince of their things. In conclusion, we
should note that postmodernism differs from
modernism, which led to two world wars that ended
tragically, and operated under the idea of "unification",
in its logical views and in its importance and co-
operation. If we take into account the current of
postmodernism, a deeper study is required.
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Servi
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