Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
57
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
57-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The communicative strategy of speech is a method of goal realization. It includes the selection of facts, evidence and
a certain degree of illumination in order to have an intellectual, emotional and emotional impact on the addressee,
that is, the listener. That is, it is a whole set of speech activities aimed at a communicative goal. Communicative
strategies reflect social models approved by society. They interpret speech as a mediator that connects the individual's
level of knowledge with verbal and pragmatic motivation.
KEYWORDS
Language, culture, speech, speech expression, human, communication, pragmatics, communication process, speech
process, discourse, determined by linguistic;
INTRODUCTION
Most of the scientific works on discourse are those that
are approached from a linguistic point of view. It was
in linguistics that the term "discourse" was first used as
an independent category. It is noted that this scientific
Research Article
COMMUNICATIVE EXPRESSION OF THE TEXT OR DISCURSIVE STRATEGY
Submission Date:
November 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 10, 2022,
Published Date:
November 18, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-08
Laylo K. Baymuradova
Lecturer Department Of English Language Karshi State University Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
58
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
57-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
linguistic phrase was first used in 1943 by the Belgian
scientist E. Buisans in his book "Language and speech"
published in Brussels. Among the language-speech
opposition, Beuyssans includes the third member,
discourse. By this term, the mechanism of transfer of
the language as a system of symbols into live speech
was meant. In general, until 1960, the concept of
discourse was used in linguistics as a synonym for text
and speech. It is from that period that the concept of
"discourse" began to be used not only in the field of
linguistics, but also in humanities. This situation is to
some extent related to the linguistic turn associated
with the widespread promotion of systematic
methodology and systematic linguistics.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
It is known that the text is interpreted as a complete
thought connected with each other by means of
meaning and lexical-grammatical means. In addition to
being an event directly related to the subject, the
expressed opinion is also considered to have its own
addressee. Components such as the speaker, the
addressee, the subject of communication, and the
conditions of communication, which are involved in the
statement of opinion, form the speech situation.
And the components of the speech situation are
implemented in relation to the non-linguistic factors of
the text. The main participant in a speech situation is
1
Biryukova, 2007
the speaker. A speech text is created when the speaker
uses linguistic and non-linguistic tools in speech.
Speech, in turn, is determined by linguistic means of
expression, text components. Expressed thought and
purpose of speech is a phenomenon related to the
formation of the spoken text by the speaker. As a
result, the purpose of the speech text is formed.
Usually, the following types of speech goals are
distinguished:
- conveying information;
- activation (encouraging the addressee to act);
- proving (convincing the interlocutor)
1
.
Any expressed speech act is not made up of linguistic
means, but is reflected in the experience of the
addressee, the ability to use speech means effectively,
the compatibility of the linguistic units that make up
the spoken text, and the correct choice of the
communicative strategy. In addition, the range of
communicative strategies is transferred to the plan of
expression in different situations and in the text. B.M.
Gasparov includes the following among them: 1)
communicative purpose of the author; 2) the
interaction of the author and addressees; 3) significant
and transitory circumstances; 4) general ideological
situation and direct and indirect methodological
expression aimed at specific individuals of a certain
period;
5)
communicative
situation
and
methodological features of information; 6) many
associations based on previous experiences
2
. Sh. According to Safarov, the text is formed in
connection with the logical - mental, evaluation,
2 Gasparov, 1996
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
57-63
SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
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emotional, socio-psychological aspects of speech
activity
3
.
The word text is derived from the Latin language (lat.
textus) and means fabric, base, combination.
Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine what
is included in the speech text and for what purpose.
The concept of text, in turn, refers to the content of
symbols and language units. Its main features are unity
and integrity. Such a combination of signs is
recognized as a high-level communicative unit.
Because it is considered complete in content. The text
is interpreted as a complete piece of information,
content-formed artistic work that has unity in content.
A whole is understood as a set of speech parts that
have a content, are made up of certain parts, have their
own function in the content, and also have a
communicative strategy. The ideas that exist in
linguistics about the essence of the text and its main
features are also recognized by researchers who have
studied the text from the psycholinguistic aspect.
4
The text usually consists of such categories as content,
content, device, task, communicative. Although these
structural categories are different, they complement
each other. Coherence and coherence are used as key
features of the text for ease of analysis. S.O.
Boymirzaeva evaluates the text as a cognitive-
discursive process and emphasizes that cognitive
structures are the basis of linguistic reality
5
.The discursive nature of the text, the theory of
linguistic pragmatics, that is, the interpretation of
events related to the practical use of speech, create
favorable opportunities for understanding the national
identity specific to that language
6
are also important. Because these features
complement each other within the framework of the
3 Sh. Safarov, 2008
4
Yuldashev, 2009
real text. The content of the text is implemented
implicitly and explicitly with the help of language tools.
Therefore, the linguistic connection is considered to be
the main indicator of the integrity of the content. In a
speech situation, the text is evaluated from a
communicative point of view when it conveys a certain
content. Presupposition is one of the important
concepts in the formation of the content of the text.
Presupposition is prior knowledge aimed at
understanding the text, the content component of the
text. Acceptance of such previous knowledge as
approximate
knowledge
is
widespread
.
Presupposition can be evaluated as an explanation in a
certain sense regarding the subsequent events based
on the knowledge and experiences of the author of the
text.
According to the plan of expression, the text can be
written or spoken. Both forms require "textuality"
such
as
external
relevance
and
internal
meaningfulness. Sh. Safarov states that "the text is a
product of speech activity" . Pragmatic analysis of the
text is related to its functional expression, logically
used in its continuation and development. Within the
text, pragmatics serves as a communicative task from
a linguistic point of view, to ensure the connection
between the subject (the author of the text) and the
addressee (the reader or listener).
5 Boymirzaeva, 2010
6
Hakimov, 2001
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
02
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)
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1121105677
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IF
–
5.963
Publisher:
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Subject speech is defined in the text in:
- goals and tasks of information (giving information,
giving instructions, wishes, wishes, etc.);
-types of speech;
- evaluating and reacting to the information provided;
- formation of information text structure;
-formation of the text based on the wishes and
interests of the addressee.
The speech of the addressee or the speaker is
determined in the analysis of the text in:
- analysis of directly and indirectly expressed text
content;
-understanding the intellectual, emotional, aesthetic
effect of the text.
Such a pragmatic analysis of text illuminates the
interaction between author and reader, speaker and
listener, and establishes a useful standard of textual
information. Pragmatic analysis of text is studied
within discourse theory .Discourse is interpreted as a
means of ensuring the connection built on the basis of
psychological, political-economic, socio-cultural and
similar extralinguistic factors in the text.
Russian linguist E.V. Paducheva analyzes the strategic
approach of objection, biting in the process of
communication on a psychological level and considers
this situation as a mutual adaptation of the
interlocutors, and evaluates objection and biting as
actions aimed at stimulating and reacting .In addition,
interaction in the process of communication can be
considered as a method of realization of mutual
intentions
of
communication
participants.
Interpersonal relations in the communication process
are carried out within the communicative-pragmatic
level. It is considered appropriate to include language
tools
used
in
communicative-pragmatic
communication in the components related to social
norms. In this case, the communication participants
aim to achieve a certain goal during the communication
process. This goal is considered the speech strategy of
the participants of communication in social processes.
According to the purpose of communication, each
person uses appropriate speech models for the
construction of speech. These models serve to ensure
effective and successful communication in the process
of interpersonal communication. In order for the
communication to produce the expected result, the
linguistic person uses a number of speech tools and
expression methods to realize his goals and desires.
These methods of expression include communicative
strategy, speech strategy, communicative tactics. The
following conclusions were reached based on the
analysis of theoretical views and approaches to the
communicative strategy specific to the purpose of
communication:
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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Pages:
57-63
SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
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Publisher:
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A systematic implementation of the communicative
situation is required within the framework of research
related to speech and communicative strategy. This
approach makes it possible to reliably determine the
reasons for the success of communication, the
effective end of communication, the achievement of
the intended goal, or the failure of the used
communicative strategy. In addition, a systematic
approach is important to help the participant in the
communication to create a well-thought-out strategy
for the next communication process and, as a result, to
focus on the correction of errors and the choice of
language and speech tools in the communication
process.
In linguistics, the strategy is expressed in managing
the
communication
process,
psychologically
influencing the communication participants, ensuring
speech activity, and so on. The speech strategy of
interlocutors includes the use of linguistic means to
change the internal psycho-emotional state of the
addressee, to direct the listener to perform some
verbal or non-verbal behavior.
Communicative strategy is a set of speech acts planned
in advance by the speaker and theoretical methods in
the process of communication, which ensure the goal
of communication and determine its implementation.
It is important to distinguish strategies that enable the
communication process. Because, in linguistics, this
movement is studied within the framework of linguo-
pragmatics and determines the target structure of
communicative
and
speech
communication.
Depending on the purpose of communication, each
strategy includes both verbal and non-verbal types. In
a general sense, the implementation of a
communicative strategy includes the following
sequence
of
actions:
selection
of
effective
communication methods, planning and choosing the
most appropriate of them; effective use of linguistic
and speech tools in the implementation of the plan:
appropriate use of linguistic and cultural units suitable
for the communication situation, effective use of
communication etiquette norms applicable in the
society, etc.
Speech communication is an important condition of
human life and activity. It is with the help of
communication that people have the opportunity to
master their nature and work together to satisfy their
needs. Speech communication is a process unique to
humans, and mutual speech communication is the
most important element of the creation of human
society. The communicative process takes the leading
place among the activities carried out by people. It is
considered to satisfy the most important human need,
that is, the need related to living in society and
functioning as an individual. That is why speech
communication is important for everyone to organize
activities in society. In the process of communication,
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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(2022:
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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Publisher:
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pragmatic tasks are realized within the communicative
goal. That is why there was a proposal to include the
perlocutionary effect resulting from the speech act in
the scope of pragmalinguistic analysis. The
communication process is based on communicative
(information transfer), interactive (interaction) and
perceptive (mutual perception) actions. According to
Z. Wendler, the illocutionary goal is, in fact, "a mental
action in which the speaker encourages the listener to
perform this action." This goal is realized with the help
of certain speech strategies and speech tactics.
Communication is a process of interaction between
people as a result of their activities arising from the
needs of their joint activities. That is, on the basis of the
activity of each person in society (work, study, play,
creativity, etc.), mutual relations, forms of interaction,
cooperation, and competition are formed. Because any
activity takes place in complex cooperation, such as
people communicating with each other, forming
relationships, discussing various issues, transferring
various information to each other, going to
confrontations, and exchanging ideas. That is why the
success of each person in his role in society, his
reputation in the community is directly related to his
ability to communicate. The activity of individuals in
this society also depends on the effective
implementation of mutual relations. In mutual
cooperation, the communication environment is of
great importance in the purposeful development of
relations. Communication is built on the basis of certain
communicative and speech strategies. It seems that
the strategy of speech communication is a
phenomenon different from simple speech sequences
aimed at achieving a certain communication goal.
Speech actions, a sequence of speech acts, means the
occurrence of a communicative event. Speech strategy
is central to that realization. In the process of creating
a speech, the speaker changes his speech depending
on the reaction of the listener. It should be noted that
the planning of the speech and its realization are
carried out almost at the same time. A person does not
always know in advance how his speech will be
expressed, because one sentence or word requires
saying another sentence or word. According to
cognitivists, this process takes place under the control
of the grammatical monitoring device.
CONCLUSIONS
Communicative strategy refers to the most common
concept or set of concepts used to achieve the goal of
communication. Communicative strategy is the main
way to form speech actions in advance, organize them
according to the purpose of communication, and
manage the communication process. In a broad sense,
communicative strategy is understood as the greatest
task of speech, which is determined by the practical
goals of the addressee.
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)
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